Texas
EVS Texas EV Service Centre Market Entry
Decision-grade state market-entry report for an EVS electric-vehicle service-centre model in Texas.
2025 registered light-duty BEV+PHEV stock.
Plug-ins divided by listed AFDC 2025 fuel categories.
Public connector ports, not sites.
EVS base simple-payback sensitivity.
The verdict in full
Texas supports a reversible DFW validation hub, not immediate franchise sales.
Market size at a glance
Installed stock, charging and the hard-zero SOM control.
Market size at a glance
| Metric | Value | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered BEV stock—2025 | 387,400 | vehicles | [afdc_tx] |
| Registered PHEV stock—2025 | 79,900 | vehicles | [afdc_tx] |
| Registered plug-in stock—2025 | 467,300 | vehicles | BEV + PHEV [afdc_tx] |
| Public charging ports | 12,539 | ports | [afdc_tx] |
| Average vehicle age—2024 | 10.9 | years | [auto_tx] |
| Executable SOM | 0 | jobs/year | [evs_model] |
- Value
- 387,400
- Unit
- vehicles
- Source
- [afdc_tx]
- Value
- 79,900
- Unit
- vehicles
- Source
- [afdc_tx]
- Value
- 467,300
- Unit
- vehicles
- Source
- BEV + PHEV [afdc_tx]
- Value
- 12,539
- Unit
- ports
- Source
- [afdc_tx]
- Value
- 10.9
- Unit
- years
- Source
- [auto_tx]
- Value
- 0
- Unit
- jobs/year
- Source
- [evs_model]
BEV/PHEV stock history
Comparable DOE/AFDC series is kept separate from other definitions.
BEV/PHEV stock history
| Year | Bev | Phev | Plug In Total | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,023 | 230,125 | — | — | BEV only; no compatible PHEV in reviewed chart [afdc_bev] |
| 2,024 | 294,700 | 64,700 | 359,400 | [afdc_tx] |
| 2,025 | 387,400 | 79,900 | 467,300 | [afdc_tx] |
- Bev
- 230,125
- Phev
- —
- Plug In Total
- —
- Source
- BEV only; no compatible PHEV in reviewed chart [afdc_bev]
- Bev
- 294,700
- Phev
- 64,700
- Plug In Total
- 359,400
- Source
- [afdc_tx]
- Bev
- 387,400
- Phev
- 79,900
- Plug In Total
- 467,300
- Source
- [afdc_tx]
Adoption and sales indicators
Flows are not stock and are labelled.
Adoption and sales indicators
| Period | Metric | Value | Unit | Share Pct | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 YTD through Apr | Retail BEV sales | 24,863 | vehicles | 6.5 | [urban] |
| 2025 end | TxDMV BEV+PHEV stock | 456,667 | vehicles | — | Separate state series [txdot_nevi] |
| 2025 weekly run-rate | Additional registered EVs | 1,500 | vehicles/week | — | TxDOT statement; not forecast [txdot_nevi] |
| 2025 AFDC stock | Plug-in share of listed fuel categories | 1.75 | % | 1.75 | EVS calculation from [afdc_tx] |
- Metric
- Retail BEV sales
- Value
- 24,863
- Unit
- vehicles
- Share Pct
- 6.5
- Source
- [urban]
- Metric
- TxDMV BEV+PHEV stock
- Value
- 456,667
- Unit
- vehicles
- Share Pct
- —
- Source
- Separate state series [txdot_nevi]
- Metric
- Additional registered EVs
- Value
- 1,500
- Unit
- vehicles/week
- Share Pct
- —
- Source
- TxDOT statement; not forecast [txdot_nevi]
- Metric
- Plug-in share of listed fuel categories
- Value
- 1.75
- Unit
- %
- Share Pct
- 1.75
- Source
- EVS calculation from [afdc_tx]
Powertrain mix
BEV and PHEV require different service competence.
Powertrain mix
| Powertrain | Vehicles | Share Of Plug In Pct | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| BEV | 387,400 | 82.902 | [afdc_tx] |
| PHEV | 79,900 | 17.098 | [afdc_tx] |
- Vehicles
- 387,400
- Share Of Plug In Pct
- 82.902
- Source
- [afdc_tx]
- Vehicles
- 79,900
- Share Of Plug In Pct
- 17.098
- Source
- [afdc_tx]
Definition reconciliation
Conflicting official and commercial universes are not averaged.
Definition reconciliation
| Series | Value | Definition | Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| DOE/AFDC 2025 | 467,300 | Light-duty BEV+PHEV registrations, rounded to nearest 100, TransAtlas/Experian. | Primary TAM [afdc_tx][afdc_reg]. |
| TxDMV end-2025 | 456,667 | Alternatively fueled vehicle report BEV+PHEV cited by TxDOT. | 10,633 below AFDC (2.28%); separate scope/date/rounding [txdot_nevi]. |
| Alliance/S&P 2024 | 348,518 | 286,282 BEVs + 62,236 PHEVs in 24.92m registered snapshot. | 3.03% below AFDC 2024; retained separately [auto_tx]. |
| Retail BEV share | 6.5 | Retail BEV sales share through April 2024. | Flow, not installed stock [urban]. |
| Charging port | 13,630 | Individual connector, public or private. | Not a station, site or uptime measure [afdc_tx]. |
- Value
- 467,300
- Definition
- Light-duty BEV+PHEV registrations, rounded to nearest 100, TransAtlas/Experian.
- Control
- Primary TAM [afdc_tx][afdc_reg].
- Value
- 456,667
- Definition
- Alternatively fueled vehicle report BEV+PHEV cited by TxDOT.
- Control
- 10,633 below AFDC (2.28%); separate scope/date/rounding [txdot_nevi].
- Value
- 348,518
- Definition
- 286,282 BEVs + 62,236 PHEVs in 24.92m registered snapshot.
- Control
- 3.03% below AFDC 2024; retained separately [auto_tx].
- Value
- 6.5
- Definition
- Retail BEV sales share through April 2024.
- Control
- Flow, not installed stock [urban].
- Value
- 13,630
- Definition
- Individual connector, public or private.
- Control
- Not a station, site or uptime measure [afdc_tx].
Cautious, base and high forecasts
Sensitivity cases, not official forecasts.
Cautious, base and high forecasts
| Scenario | Annual Growth Pct | Modelled 2030 Registered Plug Ins | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cautious | 7 | 655,412 | EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast. |
| Base | 11 | 787,428 | EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast. |
| High | 16 | 981,490 | EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast. |
- Annual Growth Pct
- 7
- Modelled 2030 Registered Plug Ins
- 655,412
- Basis
- EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast.
- Annual Growth Pct
- 11
- Modelled 2030 Registered Plug Ins
- 787,428
- Basis
- EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast.
- Annual Growth Pct
- 16
- Modelled 2030 Registered Plug Ins
- 981,490
- Basis
- EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast.
Charging infrastructure
Ports, stations and planned locations are distinct.
Charging infrastructure
| As Of | Public Ports | Private Ports | Total Ports | Source | Stations Built | Stations Under Construction | Stations Planning | Uses | Planned Locations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 access snapshot | 12,539 | 1,091 | 13,630 | [afdc_tx] | — | — | — | — | — |
| 24 February 2026 | — | — | — | Texas NEVI status [txdot_nevi] | 14 | 23 | 28 | >20,000 | — |
| 2026 programme plan | — | — | — | TxDOT planning statement; not completed sites [txdot_nevi][txdot_plan] | — | — | — | — | 300 |
- Public Ports
- 12,539
- Private Ports
- 1,091
- Total Ports
- 13,630
- Source
- [afdc_tx]
- Stations Built
- —
- Stations Under Construction
- —
- Stations Planning
- —
- Uses
- —
- Planned Locations
- —
- Public Ports
- —
- Private Ports
- —
- Total Ports
- —
- Source
- Texas NEVI status [txdot_nevi]
- Stations Built
- 14
- Stations Under Construction
- 23
- Stations Planning
- 28
- Uses
- >20,000
- Planned Locations
- —
- Public Ports
- —
- Private Ports
- —
- Total Ports
- —
- Source
- TxDOT planning statement; not completed sites [txdot_nevi][txdot_plan]
- Stations Built
- —
- Stations Under Construction
- —
- Stations Planning
- —
- Uses
- —
- Planned Locations
- 300
Charging and grid controls
Exact-site power and EVSE regulation remain open.
Charging and grid controls
| Control | Requirement | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Exact-site utility diligence | Written capacity, tariff, demand-charge, make-ready, energisation and curtailment terms. | OPEN [ercot_peak][ercot_forecast] |
| Commercial public charging | Register provider/equipment, renew annually, supply transaction receipts and maintain equipment. | Required if EVS monetises public charging [tdlr_evse][tdlr_evse_fee][tdlr_evse_rules] |
| Electrical installation | Non-exempt fixed electrical work through licensed electrical contractor. | OPEN [tdlr_electric] |
| EVS economics | No charger grant or charging revenue included. | CONTROL [evs_model] |
- Requirement
- Written capacity, tariff, demand-charge, make-ready, energisation and curtailment terms.
- Status
- OPEN [ercot_peak][ercot_forecast]
- Requirement
- Register provider/equipment, renew annually, supply transaction receipts and maintain equipment.
- Status
- Required if EVS monetises public charging [tdlr_evse][tdlr_evse_fee][tdlr_evse_rules]
- Requirement
- Non-exempt fixed electrical work through licensed electrical contractor.
- Status
- OPEN [tdlr_electric]
- Requirement
- No charger grant or charging revenue included.
- Status
- CONTROL [evs_model]
Vehicle parc age and service demand
Overall age is context, not plug-in service proof.
Vehicle parc age and service demand
| Fact | Value | Unit | Implication |
|---|---|---|---|
| Texas average vehicle age | 10.9 | years | Mature overall parc supports conventional underbody and wear services but does not prove plug-in age mix [auto_tx]. |
| 2024 registered vehicles | 24,920,000 | vehicles | Broad aftermarket scale; not EVS plug-in TAM [auto_tx]. |
| Plug-in 2024–2025 growth | 30.022 | % | Rapid sourced stock increase; repeatability is uncertain [afdc_tx]. |
| Non-commercial safety inspection | 0 | required pre-registration from 2025 | Do not model state safety-inspection revenue [dps_inspection]. |
- Value
- 10.9
- Unit
- years
- Implication
- Mature overall parc supports conventional underbody and wear services but does not prove plug-in age mix [auto_tx].
- Value
- 24,920,000
- Unit
- vehicles
- Implication
- Broad aftermarket scale; not EVS plug-in TAM [auto_tx].
- Value
- 30.022
- Unit
- %
- Implication
- Rapid sourced stock increase; repeatability is uncertain [afdc_tx].
- Value
- 0
- Unit
- required pre-registration from 2025
- Implication
- Do not model state safety-inspection revenue [dps_inspection].
TAM / SAM / SOM
Sourced facts and EVS assumptions are separated.
TAM / SAM / SOM
| Layer | Value | Unit | Status | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAM—registered plug-in stock | 467,300 | vehicles | SOURCED | DOE/AFDC 2025 BEV+PHEV [afdc_tx]. |
| Service-window sensitivity | 140,190 | vehicles | EVS ASSUMPTION | TAM × 30%; proxy for out-of-warranty/independent-service consideration [evs_model]. |
| Independent-consideration sensitivity | 35,048 | vehicles | EVS ASSUMPTION | Service-window × 25% [evs_model]. |
- Value
- 467,300
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- SOURCED
- Basis
- DOE/AFDC 2025 BEV+PHEV [afdc_tx].
- Value
- 140,190
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- EVS ASSUMPTION
- Basis
- TAM × 30%; proxy for out-of-warranty/independent-service consideration [evs_model].
- Value
- 35,048
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- EVS ASSUMPTION
- Basis
- Service-window × 25% [evs_model].
Customer segments
Priorities must convert to paid demand.
Customer segments
| Segment | Priority | Need | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Post-warranty Tesla owners | P1 | Transparent diagnostics, thermal, suspension, tires, alignment and 12V. | Tesla led Texas used-EV marketplace volume [marketcheck]. |
| Used-EV buyers and sellers | P1 | Pre-purchase inspection, health screen and documented exclusions. | 92,795 used-EV marketplace sales in 2024 [marketcheck]. |
| PHEV households | P1 | Hybrid-safe diagnostics plus conventional engine/emissions competence. | 79,900 registered PHEVs [afdc_tx]. |
| Pickup and commercial users | P2 | Mobile uptime checks, tires, brakes, suspension and thermal triage. | Validate by paid fleet pilot; no volume assumed [evs_model]. |
| Storm/hail owners | P2 | Safe condition assessment and insurer/collision referral. | Severe storm, hail and hurricane exposure [noaa][phmsa_flood]. |
- Priority
- P1
- Need
- Transparent diagnostics, thermal, suspension, tires, alignment and 12V.
- Evidence
- Tesla led Texas used-EV marketplace volume [marketcheck].
- Priority
- P1
- Need
- Pre-purchase inspection, health screen and documented exclusions.
- Evidence
- 92,795 used-EV marketplace sales in 2024 [marketcheck].
- Priority
- P1
- Need
- Hybrid-safe diagnostics plus conventional engine/emissions competence.
- Evidence
- 79,900 registered PHEVs [afdc_tx].
- Priority
- P2
- Need
- Mobile uptime checks, tires, brakes, suspension and thermal triage.
- Evidence
- Validate by paid fleet pilot; no volume assumed [evs_model].
- Priority
- P2
- Need
- Safe condition assessment and insurer/collision referral.
- Evidence
- Severe storm, hail and hurricane exposure [noaa][phmsa_flood].
Fleet segments
LOIs and paid work orders are gates.
Fleet segments
| Segment | Offer | Gate |
|---|---|---|
| Delivery and service fleets | Mobile inspection, scheduled wear work and uptime dashboard. | Three signed LOIs covering at least 250 plug-in vehicles. |
| Municipal and utility fleets | Procurement-compliant inspection/maintenance pilot. | Paid work order; no grant-driven pipeline assumed. |
| Rental and remarketing | Turnaround inspections and used-EV condition records. | VIN/task access and liability scope validated. |
| Rideshare and high-mileage | Tires, alignment, suspension, brakes, 12V and thermal triage. | Unit economics proven without discounts. |
- Offer
- Mobile inspection, scheduled wear work and uptime dashboard.
- Gate
- Three signed LOIs covering at least 250 plug-in vehicles.
- Offer
- Procurement-compliant inspection/maintenance pilot.
- Gate
- Paid work order; no grant-driven pipeline assumed.
- Offer
- Turnaround inspections and used-EV condition records.
- Gate
- VIN/task access and liability scope validated.
- Offer
- Tires, alignment, suspension, brakes, 12V and thermal triage.
- Gate
- Unit economics proven without discounts.
Leading brands and models
Marketplace mix guides tooling but does not equal stock.
Leading brands and models
| Brand Or Model | Signal | Service Implication |
|---|---|---|
| Tesla | 66,835 of 92,795 Texas used-EV marketplace sales in 2024 (72.02%). | Priority tooling and training; marketplace data, not registered parc [marketcheck]. |
| Chevrolet | 6,933 used-EV marketplace sales (7.47%). | Test Bolt/GM diagnostic workflow [marketcheck]. |
| Mercedes-Benz / Kia / Audi | Next reviewed used-EV marketplace groups. | Support only VIN/task combinations with documented access [marketcheck]. |
| Rivian | Official service presence in five reviewed Texas cities. | Pickup/van competence matters; OEM network is a competitor [rivian]. |
| PHEV fleet | 79,900 registered light-duty PHEVs. | Retain ICE/emissions and HV competencies [afdc_tx]. |
- Signal
- 66,835 of 92,795 Texas used-EV marketplace sales in 2024 (72.02%).
- Service Implication
- Priority tooling and training; marketplace data, not registered parc [marketcheck].
- Signal
- 6,933 used-EV marketplace sales (7.47%).
- Service Implication
- Test Bolt/GM diagnostic workflow [marketcheck].
- Signal
- Next reviewed used-EV marketplace groups.
- Service Implication
- Support only VIN/task combinations with documented access [marketcheck].
- Signal
- Official service presence in five reviewed Texas cities.
- Service Implication
- Pickup/van competence matters; OEM network is a competitor [rivian].
- Signal
- 79,900 registered light-duty PHEVs.
- Service Implication
- Retain ICE/emissions and HV competencies [afdc_tx].
OEM competitors
Warranty and recall work remains OEM-led.
OEM competitors
| Competitor | Coverage | Strength | EVS Response |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tesla service network | Texas network via OEM locator | OEM diagnostics, parts, warranty and recalls | Compete on paid post-warranty speed and transparency; validate data rights [tesla_service]. |
| Rivian | Austin, Dallas, Houston, Katy, San Antonio | OEM pickup/van expertise | Do not position as warranty substitute [rivian]. |
- Coverage
- Texas network via OEM locator
- Strength
- OEM diagnostics, parts, warranty and recalls
- EVS Response
- Compete on paid post-warranty speed and transparency; validate data rights [tesla_service].
- Coverage
- Austin, Dallas, Houston, Katy, San Antonio
- Strength
- OEM pickup/van expertise
- EVS Response
- Do not position as warranty substitute [rivian].
Independent competitors
Texas has specialist competitors and a name-conflict risk.
Independent competitors
| Competitor | Location | Signal | Implication |
|---|---|---|---|
| Big D Wheels and Tires | Dallas | Markets Tesla, Rivian, hybrid and PHEV service. | DFW has capable independent competition [bigd]. |
| EVLove | Houston | Independent Tesla/EV specialist. | Local specialist competition [evlove]. |
- Location
- Dallas
- Signal
- Markets Tesla, Rivian, hybrid and PHEV service.
- Implication
- DFW has capable independent competition [bigd].
- Location
- Houston
- Signal
- Independent Tesla/EV specialist.
- Implication
- Local specialist competition [evlove].
Priority regions
DFW first; Austin test; Houston held for clearance.
Priority regions
| Rank | Region | Case | Entry |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dallas–Fort Worth / Collin County | Collin retail BEV share 13.7%; large metro and fleet base. | Five-bay company-controlled hub only after geocoded demand and brand gates [urban]. |
- Region
- Dallas–Fort Worth / Collin County
- Case
- Collin retail BEV share 13.7%; large metro and fleet base.
- Entry
- Five-bay company-controlled hub only after geocoded demand and brand gates [urban].
Consumer incentives and fees
Closed and expired programmes are zero.
Consumer incentives and fees
| Programme | Value | Status | Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Texas LDPLIP | 0 | CLOSED at access | Former up-to-$2,500 programme ended March 2026 or when funds exhausted [tceq_ldplip][tceq_ldplip_launch]. |
| Federal new/used clean-vehicle credits | 0 | UNAVAILABLE | Acquisitions after 30 September 2025 ineligible [irs_vehicle]. |
- Value
- 0
- Status
- CLOSED at access
- Control
- Former up-to-$2,500 programme ended March 2026 or when funds exhausted [tceq_ldplip][tceq_ldplip_launch].
- Value
- 0
- Status
- UNAVAILABLE
- Control
- Acquisitions after 30 September 2025 ineligible [irs_vehicle].
Business and investment incentives
No award is assumed.
Business and investment incentives
| Programme | Value | Status | Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Federal business charging credit | 0 | EXPIRED FOR NEW PROPERTY | No credit after 30 June 2026 [irs_charger]. |
| TxVEMP all-electric grants | 0 | OPEN WINDOW / ELIGIBILITY UNVERIFIED | No EVS award or direct service-centre eligibility assumed [txvemp]. |
- Value
- 0
- Status
- EXPIRED FOR NEW PROPERTY
- Control
- No credit after 30 June 2026 [irs_charger].
- Value
- 0
- Status
- OPEN WINDOW / ELIGIBILITY UNVERIFIED
- Control
- No EVS award or direct service-centre eligibility assumed [txvemp].
Tax snapshot
Address, contract and entity advice remains mandatory.
Tax snapshot
| Item | Value | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Sales and use tax | 6.25% state; local up to 2%; maximum 8.25% | Exact address and invoice line treatment required [sales_tax]. |
| Repair labor / parts | Labor generally not taxable; separated-contract parts taxable | Tax counsel to validate contract and warranty structure [repair_tax]. |
- Value
- 6.25% state; local up to 2%; maximum 8.25%
- Control
- Exact address and invoice line treatment required [sales_tax].
- Value
- Labor generally not taxable; separated-contract parts taxable
- Control
- Tax counsel to validate contract and warranty structure [repair_tax].
Licensing and franchise regulation
Public charging, electrical work and franchise offers have explicit gates.
Licensing and franchise regulation
| Topic | Requirement | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Repair-shop licence | No general statewide automotive repair-shop licence identified in reviewed state sources. | Confirm city occupancy, fire, signage, zoning, environmental and task-specific permits before lease [ag_repair]. |
| Public commercial EVSE | TDLR provider/equipment registration, annual renewal and per-port fee. | Required only if non-exempt equipment is made available through commercial network transaction [tdlr_evse][tdlr_evse_fee]. |
- Requirement
- No general statewide automotive repair-shop licence identified in reviewed state sources.
- Control
- Confirm city occupancy, fire, signage, zoning, environmental and task-specific permits before lease [ag_repair].
- Requirement
- TDLR provider/equipment registration, annual renewal and per-port fee.
- Control
- Required only if non-exempt equipment is made available through commercial network transaction [tdlr_evse][tdlr_evse_fee].
Labour and skills
Market pay and evidence-based competence are required.
Labour and skills
| Topic | Fact | EVS Control |
|---|---|---|
| Wage floor | $7.25/hour state/federal baseline; overtime generally 1.5× after 40 hours. | Model market technician pay, not the floor [twc_wage]. |
| HV competence | Texas-specific general EV-technician licence not identified. | Use task matrix, supervised sign-off and OSHA-qualified-person controls [osha_training][osha_elec]. |
- Fact
- $7.25/hour state/federal baseline; overtime generally 1.5× after 40 hours.
- EVS Control
- Model market technician pay, not the floor [twc_wage].
- Fact
- Texas-specific general EV-technician licence not identified.
- EVS Control
- Use task matrix, supervised sign-off and OSHA-qualified-person controls [osha_training][osha_elec].
High-voltage safety
Task authorization drives scope.
High-voltage safety
| Control | Minimum | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Role/task matrix | Green/amber/red task catalogue with named authoriser. | OPEN [osha_training][osha_elec]. |
| De-energisation | OEM procedure, absence-of-voltage, LOTO, insulated PPE/tools and rescue plan. | OPEN [osha_elec]. |
| Vehicle quarantine | Exterior isolation area, temperature monitoring and fire-department pre-plan. | OPEN [tceq_battery][phmsa_battery]. |
| Flood/submersion | Remote assessment and qualified transport; no routine indoor intake. | HOLD [phmsa_flood]. |
| Cell-level pack work | Engineering, insurer, fire, waste, carrier and recipient sign-offs. | NO-GO at launch [evs_model]. |
- Minimum
- Green/amber/red task catalogue with named authoriser.
- Status
- OPEN [osha_training][osha_elec].
- Minimum
- OEM procedure, absence-of-voltage, LOTO, insulated PPE/tools and rescue plan.
- Status
- OPEN [osha_elec].
- Minimum
- Exterior isolation area, temperature monitoring and fire-department pre-plan.
- Status
- OPEN [tceq_battery][phmsa_battery].
- Minimum
- Remote assessment and qualified transport; no routine indoor intake.
- Status
- HOLD [phmsa_flood].
- Minimum
- Engineering, insurer, fire, waste, carrier and recipient sign-offs.
- Status
- NO-GO at launch [evs_model].
Battery, waste and transport
Classification and chain of custody precede acceptance.
Battery, waste and transport
| Stream | Rule | Control |
|---|---|---|
| Hazardous EV battery | May be managed as universal waste in Texas; generator determination remains necessary. | Written classification for each stream [tceq_battery][epa_faq]. |
| Large-quantity universal waste | More than 5,000 kg onsite requires EPA ID; one-year accumulation control. | Inventory by weight/date and prevent threshold drift [tceq_battery][tceq_universal]. |
- Rule
- May be managed as universal waste in Texas; generator determination remains necessary.
- Control
- Written classification for each stream [tceq_battery][epa_faq].
- Rule
- More than 5,000 kg onsite requires EPA ID; one-year accumulation control.
- Control
- Inventory by weight/date and prevent threshold drift [tceq_battery][tceq_universal].
Data and consumer controls
Documentation and consent are product controls.
Data and consumer controls
| Topic | Control | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Estimate and scope | Written diagnosis boundary, parts/labor separation and approval trail. | Texas consumer and tax controls [ag_repair][repair_tax]. |
| Telematics and scan data | VIN-level consent, minimum collection, retention and role access. | Customer trust and cyber risk [evs_model]. |
| Warranty / recall | Verify and route; never represent independent work as OEM warranty. | Liability boundary [tesla_service][rivian]. |
| Health score | Report test conditions, limitations and confidence; no unsupported remaining-life promise. | No universal battery-health denominator [evs_model]. |
- Control
- Written diagnosis boundary, parts/labor separation and approval trail.
- Reason
- Texas consumer and tax controls [ag_repair][repair_tax].
- Control
- VIN-level consent, minimum collection, retention and role access.
- Reason
- Customer trust and cyber risk [evs_model].
- Control
- Verify and route; never represent independent work as OEM warranty.
- Reason
- Liability boundary [tesla_service][rivian].
- Control
- Report test conditions, limitations and confidence; no unsupported remaining-life promise.
- Reason
- No universal battery-health denominator [evs_model].
Recommended service portfolio
Wear, diagnostic and thermal work first; high-risk pack work held.
Recommended service portfolio
| Phase | Service | Status | Margin Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Launch | Scan diagnostics and charging-fault triage | GO AFTER VIN/TASK TEST | Diagnostic anchor |
| Launch | Tires, alignment, suspension and brakes | GO | Repeatable wear work |
| Launch | 12V, thermal/AC and cooling-circuit work | GO AFTER MODEL MATRIX | EV-specific uptime |
| Launch | Used-EV inspection and documented health screen | GO WITH DISCLAIMERS | Customer acquisition |
| Launch | Mobile fleet inspections | GO AFTER LOI | Fleet pipeline |
| Referral | Collision, structural and hail body repair | PARTNER | No launch capex |
| Hold | Flooded-pack custody and cell-level pack repair | NO-GO | Unpriced risk |
- Service
- Scan diagnostics and charging-fault triage
- Status
- GO AFTER VIN/TASK TEST
- Margin Role
- Diagnostic anchor
- Service
- Tires, alignment, suspension and brakes
- Status
- GO
- Margin Role
- Repeatable wear work
- Service
- 12V, thermal/AC and cooling-circuit work
- Status
- GO AFTER MODEL MATRIX
- Margin Role
- EV-specific uptime
- Service
- Used-EV inspection and documented health screen
- Status
- GO WITH DISCLAIMERS
- Margin Role
- Customer acquisition
- Service
- Mobile fleet inspections
- Status
- GO AFTER LOI
- Margin Role
- Fleet pipeline
- Service
- Collision, structural and hail body repair
- Status
- PARTNER
- Margin Role
- No launch capex
- Service
- Flooded-pack custody and cell-level pack repair
- Status
- NO-GO
- Margin Role
- Unpriced risk
Operating model
A company-controlled hub preserves learning.
Operating model
| Element | Recommendation | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Format | Company-controlled five-bay DFW validation hub plus one mobile clinic vehicle. | Preserves learning and limits capital [evs_model]. |
| Hours | Six-day booking with fleet early/late slots. | Validate utilization before expansion. |
| Site | Collin/Dallas drive-time screen with exterior quarantine, drainage, hail protection and backup power plan. | County adoption and weather controls [urban][noaa]. |
| Revenue control | Exclude charger revenue, incentives, warranty reimbursement and salvage. | Avoid unverified economics [evs_model]. |
| Brand | Counsel clearance and confusion test against EVS Motors before marketing. | Material Texas-specific launch gate [evsmotors]. |
- Recommendation
- Company-controlled five-bay DFW validation hub plus one mobile clinic vehicle.
- Reason
- Preserves learning and limits capital [evs_model].
- Recommendation
- Six-day booking with fleet early/late slots.
- Reason
- Validate utilization before expansion.
- Recommendation
- Collin/Dallas drive-time screen with exterior quarantine, drainage, hail protection and backup power plan.
- Reason
- County adoption and weather controls [urban][noaa].
- Recommendation
- Exclude charger revenue, incentives, warranty reimbursement and salvage.
- Reason
- Avoid unverified economics [evs_model].
- Recommendation
- Counsel clearance and confusion test against EVS Motors before marketing.
- Reason
- Material Texas-specific launch gate [evsmotors].
Franchise model
Franchise release follows repeatability and disclosure.
Franchise model
| Stage | Model | Release |
|---|---|---|
| 0—validation | Company-controlled DFW hub | Only after all launch gates. |
| 1—repeatability | Second company-controlled or tightly managed Austin clinic/site | Two consecutive quarters at gate economics. |
| 2—franchise readiness | Texas FDD + notice + operating manual + approved vendors | After at least 12 months, audited data and counsel sign-off [sos_franchise][ftc_franchise]. |
| 3—selective franchise | Territory by verified drive-time/VIN density | Unit economics and training capacity proven; not assumed. |
- Model
- Company-controlled DFW hub
- Release
- Only after all launch gates.
- Model
- Second company-controlled or tightly managed Austin clinic/site
- Release
- Two consecutive quarters at gate economics.
- Model
- Texas FDD + notice + operating manual + approved vendors
- Release
- After at least 12 months, audited data and counsel sign-off [sos_franchise][ftc_franchise].
- Model
- Territory by verified drive-time/VIN density
- Release
- Unit economics and training capacity proven; not assumed.
Annual pilot economics
Nominal, pre-tax and unlevered sensitivities.
Annual pilot economics
| Scenario | Jobs | Aro Usd | Gross Margin Pct | Opex Usd | Revenue Usd | Gross Profit Usd | Ebitda Usd | Payback Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cautious | 1,500 | 425 | 55 | 550,000 | 637,500 | 350,625 | -199,375 | — |
- Jobs
- 1,500
- Aro Usd
- 425
- Gross Margin Pct
- 55
- Opex Usd
- 550,000
- Revenue Usd
- 637,500
- Gross Profit Usd
- 350,625
- Ebitda Usd
- -199,375
- Payback Years
- —
90-day economics
Continuation is conditional, not promised.
90-day economics
| Scenario | Jobs 90d | Aro Usd | Gross Margin Pct | Opex Usd | Revenue Usd | Gross Profit Usd | Ebitda Usd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cautious | 350 | 425 | 55 | 190,000 | 148,750 | 81,812.5 | -108,187.5 |
- Jobs 90d
- 350
- Aro Usd
- 425
- Gross Margin Pct
- 55
- Opex Usd
- 190,000
- Revenue Usd
- 148,750
- Gross Profit Usd
- 81,812.5
- Ebitda Usd
- -108,187.5
Risks
Brand, access, demand, battery, grid and weather dominate.
Risks
| Risk | Likelihood | Impact | Owner | Trigger |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Houston EVS name conflict | High | High | Legal / brand | Counsel cannot clear use or confusion test fails [evsmotors]. |
| OEM data/parts restrictions | High | High | Technical | VIN/task pass rate below 80% [tesla_service][rivian]. |
| Demand overstatement | Medium | High | Commercial | Geocoded paid demand below gate [evs_model]. |
| Battery fire/waste event | Low | Severe | HSE | Unclassified or damaged pack arrives [tceq_battery][phmsa_battery]. |
| Grid/energisation delay | Medium | Medium | Property | Utility letter misses launch date [ercot_peak][ercot_forecast]. |
| Severe weather/hail/flood | High | High | Operations | Watch/warning, outage or site water intrusion [noaa][phmsa_flood]. |
| Incentive dependence | Medium | Medium | Finance | Model includes closed/unverified programme [tceq_ldplip][irs_vehicle][irs_charger]. |
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Owner
- Legal / brand
- Trigger
- Counsel cannot clear use or confusion test fails [evsmotors].
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Owner
- Technical
- Trigger
- VIN/task pass rate below 80% [tesla_service][rivian].
- Likelihood
- Medium
- Impact
- High
- Owner
- Commercial
- Trigger
- Geocoded paid demand below gate [evs_model].
- Likelihood
- Low
- Impact
- Severe
- Owner
- HSE
- Trigger
- Unclassified or damaged pack arrives [tceq_battery][phmsa_battery].
- Likelihood
- Medium
- Impact
- Medium
- Owner
- Property
- Trigger
- Utility letter misses launch date [ercot_peak][ercot_forecast].
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Owner
- Operations
- Trigger
- Watch/warning, outage or site water intrusion [noaa][phmsa_flood].
- Likelihood
- Medium
- Impact
- Medium
- Owner
- Finance
- Trigger
- Model includes closed/unverified programme [tceq_ldplip][irs_vehicle][irs_charger].
Mitigations
Every major risk has a gate.
Mitigations
| Risk | Action | Gate |
|---|---|---|
| Name conflict | Texas and federal trademark/search plus naming architecture before paid media or signage. | Written counsel clearance. |
| Data/parts | 50 VIN × task matrix, parts lead times and insurer exclusions. | At least 80% green or amber tasks. |
| Demand | Paid clinic, deposits, fleet LOIs and drive-time geocode. | 15,000 verified plug-ins plus 175 paid bookings/deposits. |
| Battery | Recipient/carrier contracts, quarantine and no-flood-pack rule. | Written chain accepted by insurer/fire/waste counsel. |
| Weather/grid | Hail-rated cover, drainage/flood review, outage SOP and utility capacity letter. | Insurer, landlord, fire and utility sign-off. |
| Economics | Weekly job, ARO, margin, rework and bay-utilization dashboard. | 90-day continuation metrics. |
- Action
- Texas and federal trademark/search plus naming architecture before paid media or signage.
- Gate
- Written counsel clearance.
- Action
- 50 VIN × task matrix, parts lead times and insurer exclusions.
- Gate
- At least 80% green or amber tasks.
- Action
- Paid clinic, deposits, fleet LOIs and drive-time geocode.
- Gate
- 15,000 verified plug-ins plus 175 paid bookings/deposits.
- Action
- Recipient/carrier contracts, quarantine and no-flood-pack rule.
- Gate
- Written chain accepted by insurer/fire/waste counsel.
- Action
- Hail-rated cover, drainage/flood review, outage SOP and utility capacity letter.
- Gate
- Insurer, landlord, fire and utility sign-off.
- Action
- Weekly job, ARO, margin, rework and bay-utilization dashboard.
- Gate
- 90-day continuation metrics.
90-day entry plan
Front-load brand, demand, access and safety.
90-day entry plan
| Days | Action | Deliverable |
|---|---|---|
| 0–15 | Brand/trademark clearance; 50 VIN/task access test; source geocoded parc/age/warranty data. | Counsel memo, matrix and demand file. |
- Action
- Brand/trademark clearance; 50 VIN/task access test; source geocoded parc/age/warranty data.
- Deliverable
- Counsel memo, matrix and demand file.
Go / no-go gates
All launch gates remain open and franchise release is no-go.
Go / no-go gates
| Gate | Threshold | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Brand clearance | Written clearance for Texas use and EVS Motors confusion mitigation. | OPEN |
- Threshold
- Written clearance for Texas use and EVS Motors confusion mitigation.
- Status
- OPEN
Methodology
Uncertainty is retained rather than hidden.
Methodology
| Step | Method | Control |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Use DOE/AFDC 2025 BEV+PHEV stock as primary TAM; keep TxDMV and Alliance series separate. | Definitions, dates and rounding not blended [afdc_tx][txdot_nevi][auto_tx]. |
| 2 | Treat sales shares and weekly additions as flows, not stock. | No extrapolation without label [urban][txdot_nevi]. |
| 3 | Apply transparent EVS sensitivities for service window, consideration, reach and forecast. | All are assumptions [evs_model]. |
| 4 | Set verified SAM unknown and SOM zero. | No bankable market share before gates. |
| 5 | Model nominal USD scenarios, pre-tax/unlevered. | No grants, credits, charger revenue, financing, depreciation or residual value. |
| 6 | Triangulate official/state/industry/commercial sources. | Conflicts retained; material claims cite source ids. |
| 7 | Use access date 12 August 2026. | Recheck laws, programmes, rates and links before commitment. |
- Method
- Use DOE/AFDC 2025 BEV+PHEV stock as primary TAM; keep TxDMV and Alliance series separate.
- Control
- Definitions, dates and rounding not blended [afdc_tx][txdot_nevi][auto_tx].
- Method
- Treat sales shares and weekly additions as flows, not stock.
- Control
- No extrapolation without label [urban][txdot_nevi].
- Method
- Apply transparent EVS sensitivities for service window, consideration, reach and forecast.
- Control
- All are assumptions [evs_model].
- Method
- Set verified SAM unknown and SOM zero.
- Control
- No bankable market share before gates.
- Method
- Model nominal USD scenarios, pre-tax/unlevered.
- Control
- No grants, credits, charger revenue, financing, depreciation or residual value.
- Method
- Triangulate official/state/industry/commercial sources.
- Control
- Conflicts retained; material claims cite source ids.
- Method
- Use access date 12 August 2026.
- Control
- Recheck laws, programmes, rates and links before commitment.
Priority data requests
Seven gaps can change the decision.
Priority data requests
| Gap | Decision Impact | Next Action |
|---|---|---|
| VIN/ZIP/age/warranty plug-in parc | Determines verified catchment and SAM. | Buy/licence matched dataset. |
| OEM task-level diagnostic/parts rights | Determines service menu. | 50 VIN × task proof. |
| DFW paid demand and fleet density | Determines site. | Clinics, bookings, LOIs and geocode. |
| Exact-site utility tariff/capacity | Determines capex and schedule. | Written utility letter. |
| Texas brand clearance | Could block EVS name. | Counsel and confusion study [evsmotors]. |
| Insurer/fire/waste/carrier scope | Determines battery work. | Written task and custody approvals. |
| Local permits and tax classification | Determines lease and invoices. | Address-specific counsel/CPA/authority diligence. |
- Decision Impact
- Determines verified catchment and SAM.
- Next Action
- Buy/licence matched dataset.
- Decision Impact
- Determines service menu.
- Next Action
- 50 VIN × task proof.
- Decision Impact
- Determines site.
- Next Action
- Clinics, bookings, LOIs and geocode.
- Decision Impact
- Determines capex and schedule.
- Next Action
- Written utility letter.
- Decision Impact
- Could block EVS name.
- Next Action
- Counsel and confusion study [evsmotors].
- Decision Impact
- Determines battery work.
- Next Action
- Written task and custody approvals.
- Decision Impact
- Determines lease and invoices.
- Next Action
- Address-specific counsel/CPA/authority diligence.
Complete source register
Every source is linked, dated and classified.
Complete source register
| Id | Title | Publisher | Publication Date | Accessed At | Url | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| afdc_tx | Alternative Fuels Data Center—Texas | U.S. Department of Energy | — | 2026-08-12 | https://afdc.energy.gov/states/tx | Primary / authoritative | 2024 and 2025 light-duty registrations by fuel and current charging-port counts from TransAtlas/Experian. |
| afdc_reg | Vehicle Registration Counts by State | U.S. Department of Energy | — | 2026-08-12 | https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicle-registration | Primary / authoritative | Definitions and rounding for AFDC state light-duty registrations. |
| afdc_bev | Electric Vehicle Registrations by State | U.S. Department of Energy | 2024-06-01 | 2026-08-12 | https://afdc.energy.gov/data/10962 | Primary / authoritative | Texas BEV registrations at 31 December 2023; PHEV not available in this chart. |
| txdot_nevi | Meeting Demand for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure | Texas Department of Transportation | 2026-02-24 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.txdot.gov/about/newsroom/stories/meeting-demand-for-electric-vehicle-infrastructure.html | Primary / authoritative | TxDMV plug-in count, weekly growth and Texas NEVI deployment status. |
| auto_tx | Texas Economic Insights | Alliance for Automotive Innovation | 2025-01-01 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/tx | Industry association / commercial data | 2024 S&P Global Mobility stock, vehicle age, sales, employment and tax context. |
| urban | EV Sales Microstudy | Urban Science | 2024-06-27 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.urbanscience.com/insightlab/urban-science-ev-sales-microstudy-unveils-u-s-electrification-trends-and-state-level-bev-market-share-leaders/ | Commercial primary research | Texas retail BEV volume/share and leading county shares through April 2024. |
| marketcheck | Tesla Dominated Texas Used EV Market 2024 | MarketCheck | 2025-03-01 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.marketcheck.com/press/tesla-dominated-texas-used-ev-market-2024/ | Commercial marketplace analysis | Marketplace-derived 2024 used-EV sales and brand mix; not registration stock. |
| tesla_tx | Tesla Sales Remain Resilient in Texas | Axios | 2025-06-09 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.axios.com/local/austin/2025/06/09/amid-backlash-tesla-sales-resilient-texas | Secondary reporting | Q1 2025 Texas Tesla-registration comparison from county/state records. |
| dmv_fee | Register Your Vehicle | Texas Department of Motor Vehicles | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/register-your-vehicle | Primary / authoritative | Annual $200 all-electric-vehicle fee and $400 new two-year registration charge. |
| tceq_ldplip | Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Purchase or Lease Incentive Program | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/terp/ldplip | Primary / authoritative | Programme status shown closed at access. |
| tceq_ldplip_launch | TCEQ Launches Light-Duty Vehicle Programme | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality | 2025-10-14 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tceq.texas.gov/news/releases/tceq-launches-program-to-reduce-emissions-from-light-duty-vehicles | Primary / authoritative | Up to $2,500, maximum 2,000 grants, March 2026 deadline; historical only. |
| irs_vehicle | Clean Vehicle Tax Credits | Internal Revenue Service | 2025-10-01 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.irs.gov/clean-vehicle-tax-credits | Primary / authoritative | New, used and commercial clean-vehicle credits unavailable for acquisitions after 30 September 2025. |
| irs_charger | Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit—Businesses | Internal Revenue Service | 2026-07-01 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/alternative-fuel-vehicle-refueling-property-credit-for-businesses | Primary / authoritative | Credit not available for property placed in service after 30 June 2026. |
| txvemp | Texas Volkswagen Environmental Mitigation Program—All-Electric | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tceq.texas.gov/agency/trust/all-electric | Primary / authoritative | All-electric programme accepting applications through 31 August 2026 unless suspended; direct EVS eligibility unverified. |
| terp | Texas Emissions Reduction Plan Programmes | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality | 2026-07-22 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/terp/programs | Primary / authoritative | Current programme inventory; no EVS benefit assumed. |
| austin_home | Austin Energy Home Charging | Austin Energy | — | 2026-08-12 | https://austinenergy.com/green-power/plug-in-austin/home-charging | Primary / authoritative | Residential Level 2 charger rebate: 50% up to published caps; customer-specific. |
| austin_partner | Power Partner EV Programme Expansion | Austin Energy | 2025-06-25 | 2026-08-12 | https://austinenergy.com/about/news/news-releases/2025/Austin-Energy-expands-Power-Partner-Electric-Vehicle-Program | Primary / authoritative | Managed-charging enrollment and annual incentives; customer programme. |
| cps_rewards | EV Smart Rewards | CPS Energy | 2026-06-25 | 2026-08-12 | https://newsroom.cpsenergy.com/ev-smart-rewards-program/ | Primary / authoritative | San Antonio-area off-peak managed-charging rewards. |
| ercot_peak | ERCOT All-Time Peak Demand Records | ERCOT | 2026-07-27 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.ercot.com/static-assets/data/news/content/a-peak-demand/2026/all-time-records.htm | Primary / authoritative | Preliminary 91,089 MW all-time peak on 22 July 2026. |
| ercot_forecast | Preliminary 2026 Long-Term Load Forecast | ERCOT | 2026-04-15 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.ercot.com/news/release/04152026-ercot-releases-preliminary | Primary / authoritative | Preliminary 367,790 MW 2032 demand forecast; context, not site capacity. |
| sales_tax | Sales and Use Tax | Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts | — | 2026-08-12 | https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/sales/ | Primary / authoritative | 6.25% state rate plus local rates up to 2%, maximum 8.25%. |
| repair_tax | Comptroller Decision 202409013H | Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts | 2024-09-01 | 2026-08-12 | https://star.comptroller.texas.gov/view/202409013H | Primary / authoritative | Motor-vehicle repair labor treatment and parts taxation under separated contracts. |
| franchise_tax | Franchise Tax Forms and Rates | Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts | — | 2026-08-12 | https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/franchise/index.php/forms/ | Primary / authoritative | 2026/2027 no-tax-due threshold and rates. |
| sos_franchise | Business Opportunity and Franchise FAQs | Texas Secretary of State | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.sos.state.tx.us/statdoc/faqs2700.shtml | Primary / authoritative | Texas exemption notice for materially FTC-compliant franchisors before offers or sales. |
| ftc_franchise | Consumer Guide to Buying a Franchise | Federal Trade Commission | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/consumers-guide-buying-franchise | Primary / authoritative | Federal Franchise Rule 14-day disclosure requirement. |
| ag_repair | Car Repair Tips | Office of the Texas Attorney General | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/consumer-protection/automotive-scams/car-repair-tips | Primary / authoritative | Repair representations, estimates and documentation controls. |
| twc_wage | FLSA Does and Does Not Do | Texas Workforce Commission | — | 2026-08-12 | https://efte.twc.texas.gov/flsa_does_and_doesnt_do.html | Primary / authoritative | $7.25 minimum wage and federal overtime baseline. |
| dps_inspection | Vehicle Safety Inspection Changes Now in Effect | Texas Department of Public Safety | 2025-01-03 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.dps.texas.gov/news/vehicle-safety-inspection-program-changes-now-effect | Primary / authoritative | Non-commercial safety-inspection elimination, fees, emissions counties and BEV exemption. |
| tdlr_evse | EV Charging Station Registration | Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation | 2025-02-24 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/news/2025/02/24/reminder-march-1-registration-deadline/ | Primary / authoritative | Commercial-network EVSE registration and exemptions. |
| tdlr_evse_fee | Apply for EVSE Registration | Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/ev-charging/apply.htm | Primary / authoritative | $30 per public commercial charging port and annual renewal. |
| tdlr_electric | Electricians | Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/electricians/index.htm | Primary / authoritative | Non-exempt electrical work requires licensed individuals working through a licensed electrical contractor. |
| tceq_battery | Managing Electric Vehicle Batteries | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality | 2026-04-01 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/waste_permits/ihw_permits/managing-electric-vehicle-batteries | Primary / authoritative | Texas hazardous, universal and nonhazardous industrial waste pathways and thresholds. |
| tceq_universal | Universal Waste | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assistance/waste/universal.html | Primary / authoritative | One-year accumulation and large-quantity handler controls. |
| epa_faq | Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling FAQ | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2025-08-01 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.epa.gov/hw/lithium-ion-battery-recycling-frequently-asked-questions | Primary / authoritative | Shop-removed EV battery classification, universal-waste and damaged-battery rules. |
| phmsa_battery | Lithium Batteries | Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/lithiumbatteries | Primary / authoritative | 49 CFR 171–180 transport requirements and damaged-battery risk. |
| phmsa_flood | Flood-Damaged EV Battery Safety Advisory | Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/regulatory-compliance/phmsa-guidance/phmsa-safety-advisory-notice-transportation-electric-vehicles-containing-lithium-batteries-damaged-by-extreme-weather-events | Primary / authoritative | Flood/submersion assessment and HMR duties. |
| osha_training | Training Requirements in OSHA Standards | Occupational Safety and Health Administration | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.osha.gov/training | Primary / authoritative | Employer duty to train exposed workers. |
| osha_elec | Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices | Occupational Safety and Health Administration | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/std-01-16-007 | Primary / authoritative | Qualified-person electrical skills under 29 CFR 1910.331–.335. |
| ase | xEV Safety Certifications | National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.ase.com/xev | Industry certification body | Voluntary Level 1 and Level 2 EV safety competence benchmarks. |
| noaa | Texas Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters | NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information | 2025-01-01 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/TX | Primary / authoritative | Texas disaster frequency and 2024 hurricane/hail events through 2024. |
| rivian | Rivian Locations | Rivian | — | 2026-08-12 | https://rivian.com/spaces/locations | Commercial primary source | Official Texas service-and-demo presence in Austin, Dallas, Houston, Katy and San Antonio. |
| tesla_service | Tesla Service | Tesla | — | 2026-08-12 | https://service.tesla.com/ | Commercial primary source | OEM service and independent-information gateway; VIN/task access must be tested. |
| evlove | EVLove | EVLove | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.3vlove.com/ | Commercial primary source | Houston independent EV/Tesla specialist. |
| bigd | Big D Wheels and Tires EV Repair | Big D Wheels and Tires | — | 2026-08-12 | https://bigdwheelsandtires.com/ | Commercial primary source | Dallas independent serving Tesla, Rivian, hybrid and PHEV vehicles. |
| evsmotors | EVS Motors | EVS Motors | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.evsmotors.com/ | Commercial primary source | Houston collision business using EVS name; brand-confusion and trademark gate. |
| tceq_industrial | Industrial and Hazardous Waste | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/waste_permits/ihw_permits | Primary / authoritative | Industrial and hazardous waste permitting and registration context. |
| txdot_plan | Texas Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan | Texas Department of Transportation | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.txdot.gov/projects/projects-studies/statewide/texas-electric-vehicle-planning-03-22.html | Primary / authoritative | Texas corridor planning and NEVI programme context. |
| tdlr_evse_rules | Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Are Regulated by TDLR | Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation | 2023-08-24 | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/news/2023/08/24/electric-vehicle-charging-stations-are-regulated-by-tdlr/ | Primary / authoritative | Inspection, provider registration, receipts and damaged-equipment obligations. |
| tesla_giga | Gigafactory Texas | Tesla | — | 2026-08-12 | https://www.tesla.com/giga-texas | Commercial primary source | Texas manufacturing presence; context only, not addressable service demand. |
| evs_model | EVS Texas Decision Model | EVS Worldwide | 2026-08-12 | 2026-08-12 | https://evsworldwide.com/ | EVS assumption register | All forecasts, addressability factors, economics, gates and recommendations are EVS assumptions. |
- Title
- Alternative Fuels Data Center—Texas
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://afdc.energy.gov/states/tx
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- 2024 and 2025 light-duty registrations by fuel and current charging-port counts from TransAtlas/Experian.
- Title
- Vehicle Registration Counts by State
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicle-registration
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Definitions and rounding for AFDC state light-duty registrations.
- Title
- Electric Vehicle Registrations by State
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Publication Date
- 2024-06-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://afdc.energy.gov/data/10962
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Texas BEV registrations at 31 December 2023; PHEV not available in this chart.
- Title
- Meeting Demand for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure
- Publisher
- Texas Department of Transportation
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-24
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.txdot.gov/about/newsroom/stories/meeting-demand-for-electric-vehicle-infrastructure.html
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- TxDMV plug-in count, weekly growth and Texas NEVI deployment status.
- Title
- Texas Economic Insights
- Publisher
- Alliance for Automotive Innovation
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/tx
- Classification
- Industry association / commercial data
- Notes
- 2024 S&P Global Mobility stock, vehicle age, sales, employment and tax context.
- Title
- EV Sales Microstudy
- Publisher
- Urban Science
- Publication Date
- 2024-06-27
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.urbanscience.com/insightlab/urban-science-ev-sales-microstudy-unveils-u-s-electrification-trends-and-state-level-bev-market-share-leaders/
- Classification
- Commercial primary research
- Notes
- Texas retail BEV volume/share and leading county shares through April 2024.
- Title
- Tesla Dominated Texas Used EV Market 2024
- Publisher
- MarketCheck
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.marketcheck.com/press/tesla-dominated-texas-used-ev-market-2024/
- Classification
- Commercial marketplace analysis
- Notes
- Marketplace-derived 2024 used-EV sales and brand mix; not registration stock.
- Title
- Tesla Sales Remain Resilient in Texas
- Publisher
- Axios
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-09
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.axios.com/local/austin/2025/06/09/amid-backlash-tesla-sales-resilient-texas
- Classification
- Secondary reporting
- Notes
- Q1 2025 Texas Tesla-registration comparison from county/state records.
- Title
- Register Your Vehicle
- Publisher
- Texas Department of Motor Vehicles
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/register-your-vehicle
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Annual $200 all-electric-vehicle fee and $400 new two-year registration charge.
- Title
- Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Purchase or Lease Incentive Program
- Publisher
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/terp/ldplip
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Programme status shown closed at access.
- Title
- TCEQ Launches Light-Duty Vehicle Programme
- Publisher
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-14
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tceq.texas.gov/news/releases/tceq-launches-program-to-reduce-emissions-from-light-duty-vehicles
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Up to $2,500, maximum 2,000 grants, March 2026 deadline; historical only.
- Title
- Clean Vehicle Tax Credits
- Publisher
- Internal Revenue Service
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.irs.gov/clean-vehicle-tax-credits
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- New, used and commercial clean-vehicle credits unavailable for acquisitions after 30 September 2025.
- Title
- Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit—Businesses
- Publisher
- Internal Revenue Service
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/alternative-fuel-vehicle-refueling-property-credit-for-businesses
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Credit not available for property placed in service after 30 June 2026.
- Title
- Texas Volkswagen Environmental Mitigation Program—All-Electric
- Publisher
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tceq.texas.gov/agency/trust/all-electric
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- All-electric programme accepting applications through 31 August 2026 unless suspended; direct EVS eligibility unverified.
- Title
- Texas Emissions Reduction Plan Programmes
- Publisher
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-22
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/terp/programs
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Current programme inventory; no EVS benefit assumed.
- Title
- Austin Energy Home Charging
- Publisher
- Austin Energy
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://austinenergy.com/green-power/plug-in-austin/home-charging
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Residential Level 2 charger rebate: 50% up to published caps; customer-specific.
- Title
- Power Partner EV Programme Expansion
- Publisher
- Austin Energy
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-25
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://austinenergy.com/about/news/news-releases/2025/Austin-Energy-expands-Power-Partner-Electric-Vehicle-Program
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Managed-charging enrollment and annual incentives; customer programme.
- Title
- EV Smart Rewards
- Publisher
- CPS Energy
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://newsroom.cpsenergy.com/ev-smart-rewards-program/
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- San Antonio-area off-peak managed-charging rewards.
- Title
- ERCOT All-Time Peak Demand Records
- Publisher
- ERCOT
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-27
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.ercot.com/static-assets/data/news/content/a-peak-demand/2026/all-time-records.htm
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Preliminary 91,089 MW all-time peak on 22 July 2026.
- Title
- Preliminary 2026 Long-Term Load Forecast
- Publisher
- ERCOT
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-15
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.ercot.com/news/release/04152026-ercot-releases-preliminary
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Preliminary 367,790 MW 2032 demand forecast; context, not site capacity.
- Title
- Sales and Use Tax
- Publisher
- Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/sales/
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- 6.25% state rate plus local rates up to 2%, maximum 8.25%.
- Title
- Comptroller Decision 202409013H
- Publisher
- Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
- Publication Date
- 2024-09-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://star.comptroller.texas.gov/view/202409013H
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Motor-vehicle repair labor treatment and parts taxation under separated contracts.
- Title
- Franchise Tax Forms and Rates
- Publisher
- Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/franchise/index.php/forms/
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- 2026/2027 no-tax-due threshold and rates.
- Title
- Business Opportunity and Franchise FAQs
- Publisher
- Texas Secretary of State
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.sos.state.tx.us/statdoc/faqs2700.shtml
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Texas exemption notice for materially FTC-compliant franchisors before offers or sales.
- Title
- Consumer Guide to Buying a Franchise
- Publisher
- Federal Trade Commission
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/consumers-guide-buying-franchise
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Federal Franchise Rule 14-day disclosure requirement.
- Title
- Car Repair Tips
- Publisher
- Office of the Texas Attorney General
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/consumer-protection/automotive-scams/car-repair-tips
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Repair representations, estimates and documentation controls.
- Title
- FLSA Does and Does Not Do
- Publisher
- Texas Workforce Commission
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://efte.twc.texas.gov/flsa_does_and_doesnt_do.html
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- $7.25 minimum wage and federal overtime baseline.
- Title
- Vehicle Safety Inspection Changes Now in Effect
- Publisher
- Texas Department of Public Safety
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-03
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.dps.texas.gov/news/vehicle-safety-inspection-program-changes-now-effect
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Non-commercial safety-inspection elimination, fees, emissions counties and BEV exemption.
- Title
- EV Charging Station Registration
- Publisher
- Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-24
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/news/2025/02/24/reminder-march-1-registration-deadline/
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Commercial-network EVSE registration and exemptions.
- Title
- Apply for EVSE Registration
- Publisher
- Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/ev-charging/apply.htm
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- $30 per public commercial charging port and annual renewal.
- Title
- Electricians
- Publisher
- Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/electricians/index.htm
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Non-exempt electrical work requires licensed individuals working through a licensed electrical contractor.
- Title
- Managing Electric Vehicle Batteries
- Publisher
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/waste_permits/ihw_permits/managing-electric-vehicle-batteries
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Texas hazardous, universal and nonhazardous industrial waste pathways and thresholds.
- Title
- Universal Waste
- Publisher
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assistance/waste/universal.html
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- One-year accumulation and large-quantity handler controls.
- Title
- Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling FAQ
- Publisher
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.epa.gov/hw/lithium-ion-battery-recycling-frequently-asked-questions
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Shop-removed EV battery classification, universal-waste and damaged-battery rules.
- Title
- Lithium Batteries
- Publisher
- Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/lithiumbatteries
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- 49 CFR 171–180 transport requirements and damaged-battery risk.
- Title
- Flood-Damaged EV Battery Safety Advisory
- Publisher
- Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/regulatory-compliance/phmsa-guidance/phmsa-safety-advisory-notice-transportation-electric-vehicles-containing-lithium-batteries-damaged-by-extreme-weather-events
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Flood/submersion assessment and HMR duties.
- Title
- Training Requirements in OSHA Standards
- Publisher
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.osha.gov/training
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Employer duty to train exposed workers.
- Title
- Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices
- Publisher
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/std-01-16-007
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Qualified-person electrical skills under 29 CFR 1910.331–.335.
- Title
- xEV Safety Certifications
- Publisher
- National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.ase.com/xev
- Classification
- Industry certification body
- Notes
- Voluntary Level 1 and Level 2 EV safety competence benchmarks.
- Title
- Texas Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters
- Publisher
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/TX
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Texas disaster frequency and 2024 hurricane/hail events through 2024.
- Title
- Rivian Locations
- Publisher
- Rivian
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://rivian.com/spaces/locations
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Notes
- Official Texas service-and-demo presence in Austin, Dallas, Houston, Katy and San Antonio.
- Title
- Tesla Service
- Publisher
- Tesla
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://service.tesla.com/
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Notes
- OEM service and independent-information gateway; VIN/task access must be tested.
- Title
- EVLove
- Publisher
- EVLove
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.3vlove.com/
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Notes
- Houston independent EV/Tesla specialist.
- Title
- Big D Wheels and Tires EV Repair
- Publisher
- Big D Wheels and Tires
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://bigdwheelsandtires.com/
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Notes
- Dallas independent serving Tesla, Rivian, hybrid and PHEV vehicles.
- Title
- EVS Motors
- Publisher
- EVS Motors
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.evsmotors.com/
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Notes
- Houston collision business using EVS name; brand-confusion and trademark gate.
- Title
- Industrial and Hazardous Waste
- Publisher
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/waste_permits/ihw_permits
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Industrial and hazardous waste permitting and registration context.
- Title
- Texas Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan
- Publisher
- Texas Department of Transportation
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.txdot.gov/projects/projects-studies/statewide/texas-electric-vehicle-planning-03-22.html
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Texas corridor planning and NEVI programme context.
- Title
- Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Are Regulated by TDLR
- Publisher
- Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation
- Publication Date
- 2023-08-24
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/news/2023/08/24/electric-vehicle-charging-stations-are-regulated-by-tdlr/
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Notes
- Inspection, provider registration, receipts and damaged-equipment obligations.
- Title
- Gigafactory Texas
- Publisher
- Tesla
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://www.tesla.com/giga-texas
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Notes
- Texas manufacturing presence; context only, not addressable service demand.
- Title
- EVS Texas Decision Model
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-12
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-12
- Url
- https://evsworldwide.com/
- Classification
- EVS assumption register
- Notes
- All forecasts, addressability factors, economics, gates and recommendations are EVS assumptions.
Source register
50 primary and derived sources
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Source register
50 primary and derived sources
- 43EVLove
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