Market intelligence/United States/Report available

Texas.

EVS Texas EV Service Centre Market Entry

Decision-grade state market-entry report for an EVS electric-vehicle service-centre model in Texas.

Plug-in stock

467,300

2025 registered light-duty BEV+PHEV stock.

Plug-in share

175%

Plug-ins divided by listed AFDC 2025 fuel categories.

Public ports

12,539

Public connector ports, not sites.

Base payback

2.276

EVS base simple-payback sensitivity.

01/The verdict in full

Executive summary

Texas supports a reversible DFW validation hub, not immediate franchise sales.

Market size at a glance

Installed stock, charging and the hard-zero SOM control.

Market size at a glance

Metric	Value	Unit	Source
Registered BEV stock—2025	387,400	vehicles	[afdc_tx]
Registered PHEV stock—2025	79,900	vehicles	[afdc_tx]
Registered plug-in stock—2025	467,300	vehicles	BEV + PHEV [afdc_tx]
Public charging ports	12,539	ports	[afdc_tx]
Average vehicle age—2024	10.9	years	[auto_tx]
Executable SOM	0	jobs/year	[evs_model]

Registered BEV stock—2025

Value: 387,400
Unit: vehicles
Source: [afdc_tx]

Registered PHEV stock—2025

Value: 79,900
Unit: vehicles
Source: [afdc_tx]

Registered plug-in stock—2025

Value: 467,300
Unit: vehicles
Source: BEV + PHEV [afdc_tx]

Public charging ports

Value: 12,539
Unit: ports
Source: [afdc_tx]

Average vehicle age—2024

Value: 10.9
Unit: years
Source: [auto_tx]

Executable SOM

Value: 0
Unit: jobs/year
Source: [evs_model]

BEV/PHEV stock history

Comparable DOE/AFDC series is kept separate from other definitions.

BEV/PHEV stock history

Year	Bev	Phev	Plug In Total	Source
2,023	230,125	—	—	BEV only; no compatible PHEV in reviewed chart [afdc_bev]
2,024	294,700	64,700	359,400	[afdc_tx]
2,025	387,400	79,900	467,300	[afdc_tx]

2,023

Bev: 230,125
Phev: —
Plug In Total: —
Source: BEV only; no compatible PHEV in reviewed chart [afdc_bev]

2,024

Bev: 294,700
Phev: 64,700
Plug In Total: 359,400
Source: [afdc_tx]

2,025

Bev: 387,400
Phev: 79,900
Plug In Total: 467,300
Source: [afdc_tx]

Adoption and sales indicators

Flows are not stock and are labelled.

Adoption and sales indicators

Period	Metric	Value	Unit	Share Pct	Source
2024 YTD through Apr	Retail BEV sales	24,863	vehicles	6.5	[urban]
2025 end	TxDMV BEV+PHEV stock	456,667	vehicles	—	Separate state series [txdot_nevi]
2025 weekly run-rate	Additional registered EVs	1,500	vehicles/week	—	TxDOT statement; not forecast [txdot_nevi]
2025 AFDC stock	Plug-in share of listed fuel categories	1.75	%	1.75	EVS calculation from [afdc_tx]

2024 YTD through Apr

Metric: Retail BEV sales
Value: 24,863
Unit: vehicles
Share Pct: 6.5
Source: [urban]

2025 end

Metric: TxDMV BEV+PHEV stock
Value: 456,667
Unit: vehicles
Share Pct: —
Source: Separate state series [txdot_nevi]

2025 weekly run-rate

Metric: Additional registered EVs
Value: 1,500
Unit: vehicles/week
Share Pct: —
Source: TxDOT statement; not forecast [txdot_nevi]

2025 AFDC stock

Metric: Plug-in share of listed fuel categories
Value: 1.75
Unit: %
Share Pct: 1.75
Source: EVS calculation from [afdc_tx]

Powertrain mix

BEV and PHEV require different service competence.

Powertrain mix

Powertrain	Vehicles	Share Of Plug In Pct	Source
BEV	387,400	82.902	[afdc_tx]
PHEV	79,900	17.098	[afdc_tx]

BEV

Vehicles: 387,400
Share Of Plug In Pct: 82.902
Source: [afdc_tx]

PHEV

Vehicles: 79,900
Share Of Plug In Pct: 17.098
Source: [afdc_tx]

Definition reconciliation

Conflicting official and commercial universes are not averaged.

Definition reconciliation

Series	Value	Definition	Control
DOE/AFDC 2025	467,300	Light-duty BEV+PHEV registrations, rounded to nearest 100, TransAtlas/Experian.	Primary TAM [afdc_tx][afdc_reg].
TxDMV end-2025	456,667	Alternatively fueled vehicle report BEV+PHEV cited by TxDOT.	10,633 below AFDC (2.28%); separate scope/date/rounding [txdot_nevi].
Alliance/S&P 2024	348,518	286,282 BEVs + 62,236 PHEVs in 24.92m registered snapshot.	3.03% below AFDC 2024; retained separately [auto_tx].
Retail BEV share	6.5	Retail BEV sales share through April 2024.	Flow, not installed stock [urban].
Charging port	13,630	Individual connector, public or private.	Not a station, site or uptime measure [afdc_tx].

DOE/AFDC 2025

Value: 467,300
Definition: Light-duty BEV+PHEV registrations, rounded to nearest 100, TransAtlas/Experian.
Control: Primary TAM [afdc_tx][afdc_reg].

TxDMV end-2025

Value: 456,667
Definition: Alternatively fueled vehicle report BEV+PHEV cited by TxDOT.
Control: 10,633 below AFDC (2.28%); separate scope/date/rounding [txdot_nevi].

Alliance/S&P 2024

Value: 348,518
Definition: 286,282 BEVs + 62,236 PHEVs in 24.92m registered snapshot.
Control: 3.03% below AFDC 2024; retained separately [auto_tx].

Retail BEV share

Value: 6.5
Definition: Retail BEV sales share through April 2024.
Control: Flow, not installed stock [urban].

Charging port

Value: 13,630
Definition: Individual connector, public or private.
Control: Not a station, site or uptime measure [afdc_tx].

Cautious, base and high forecasts

Sensitivity cases, not official forecasts.

Cautious, base and high forecasts

Scenario	Annual Growth Pct	Modelled 2030 Registered Plug Ins	Basis
Cautious	7	655,412	EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast.
Base	11	787,428	EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast.
High	16	981,490	EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast.

Cautious

Annual Growth Pct: 7
Modelled 2030 Registered Plug Ins: 655,412
Basis: EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast.

Base

Annual Growth Pct: 11
Modelled 2030 Registered Plug Ins: 787,428
Basis: EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast.

High

Annual Growth Pct: 16
Modelled 2030 Registered Plug Ins: 981,490
Basis: EVS sensitivity from DOE/AFDC 2025 registered BEV+PHEV stock; not an official forecast.

Charging infrastructure

Ports, stations and planned locations are distinct.

Charging infrastructure

As Of	Public Ports	Private Ports	Total Ports	Source	Stations Built	Stations Under Construction	Stations Planning	Uses	Planned Locations
2026 access snapshot	12,539	1,091	13,630	[afdc_tx]	—	—	—	—	—
24 February 2026	—	—	—	Texas NEVI status [txdot_nevi]	14	23	28	>20,000	—
2026 programme plan	—	—	—	TxDOT planning statement; not completed sites [txdot_nevi][txdot_plan]	—	—	—	—	300

2026 access snapshot

Public Ports: 12,539
Private Ports: 1,091
Total Ports: 13,630
Source: [afdc_tx]
Stations Built: —
Stations Under Construction: —
Stations Planning: —
Uses: —
Planned Locations: —

24 February 2026

Public Ports: —
Private Ports: —
Total Ports: —
Source: Texas NEVI status [txdot_nevi]
Stations Built: 14
Stations Under Construction: 23
Stations Planning: 28
Uses: >20,000
Planned Locations: —

2026 programme plan

Public Ports: —
Private Ports: —
Total Ports: —
Source: TxDOT planning statement; not completed sites [txdot_nevi][txdot_plan]
Stations Built: —
Stations Under Construction: —
Stations Planning: —
Uses: —
Planned Locations: 300

Charging and grid controls

Exact-site power and EVSE regulation remain open.

Charging and grid controls

Control	Requirement	Status
Exact-site utility diligence	Written capacity, tariff, demand-charge, make-ready, energisation and curtailment terms.	OPEN [ercot_peak][ercot_forecast]
Commercial public charging	Register provider/equipment, renew annually, supply transaction receipts and maintain equipment.	Required if EVS monetises public charging [tdlr_evse][tdlr_evse_fee][tdlr_evse_rules]
Electrical installation	Non-exempt fixed electrical work through licensed electrical contractor.	OPEN [tdlr_electric]
EVS economics	No charger grant or charging revenue included.	CONTROL [evs_model]

Exact-site utility diligence

Requirement: Written capacity, tariff, demand-charge, make-ready, energisation and curtailment terms.
Status: OPEN [ercot_peak][ercot_forecast]

Commercial public charging

Requirement: Register provider/equipment, renew annually, supply transaction receipts and maintain equipment.
Status: Required if EVS monetises public charging [tdlr_evse][tdlr_evse_fee][tdlr_evse_rules]

Electrical installation

Requirement: Non-exempt fixed electrical work through licensed electrical contractor.
Status: OPEN [tdlr_electric]

EVS economics

Requirement: No charger grant or charging revenue included.
Status: CONTROL [evs_model]

Vehicle parc age and service demand

Overall age is context, not plug-in service proof.

Vehicle parc age and service demand

Fact	Value	Unit	Implication
Texas average vehicle age	10.9	years	Mature overall parc supports conventional underbody and wear services but does not prove plug-in age mix [auto_tx].
2024 registered vehicles	24,920,000	vehicles	Broad aftermarket scale; not EVS plug-in TAM [auto_tx].
Plug-in 2024–2025 growth	30.022	%	Rapid sourced stock increase; repeatability is uncertain [afdc_tx].
Non-commercial safety inspection	0	required pre-registration from 2025	Do not model state safety-inspection revenue [dps_inspection].

Texas average vehicle age

Value: 10.9
Unit: years
Implication: Mature overall parc supports conventional underbody and wear services but does not prove plug-in age mix [auto_tx].

2024 registered vehicles

Value: 24,920,000
Unit: vehicles
Implication: Broad aftermarket scale; not EVS plug-in TAM [auto_tx].

Plug-in 2024–2025 growth

Value: 30.022
Unit: %
Implication: Rapid sourced stock increase; repeatability is uncertain [afdc_tx].

Non-commercial safety inspection

Value: 0
Unit: required pre-registration from 2025
Implication: Do not model state safety-inspection revenue [dps_inspection].

TAM / SAM / SOM

Sourced facts and EVS assumptions are separated.

TAM / SAM / SOM

Layer	Value	Unit	Status	Basis
TAM—registered plug-in stock	467,300	vehicles	SOURCED	DOE/AFDC 2025 BEV+PHEV [afdc_tx].
Service-window sensitivity	140,190	vehicles	EVS ASSUMPTION	TAM × 30%; proxy for out-of-warranty/independent-service consideration [evs_model].
Independent-consideration sensitivity	35,048	vehicles	EVS ASSUMPTION	Service-window × 25% [evs_model].

TAM—registered plug-in stock

Value: 467,300
Unit: vehicles
Status: SOURCED
Basis: DOE/AFDC 2025 BEV+PHEV [afdc_tx].

Service-window sensitivity

Value: 140,190
Unit: vehicles
Status: EVS ASSUMPTION
Basis: TAM × 30%; proxy for out-of-warranty/independent-service consideration [evs_model].

Independent-consideration sensitivity

Value: 35,048
Unit: vehicles
Status: EVS ASSUMPTION
Basis: Service-window × 25% [evs_model].

3 more rows in the full report

Customer segments

Priorities must convert to paid demand.

Customer segments

Segment	Priority	Need	Evidence
Post-warranty Tesla owners	P1	Transparent diagnostics, thermal, suspension, tires, alignment and 12V.	Tesla led Texas used-EV marketplace volume [marketcheck].
Used-EV buyers and sellers	P1	Pre-purchase inspection, health screen and documented exclusions.	92,795 used-EV marketplace sales in 2024 [marketcheck].
PHEV households	P1	Hybrid-safe diagnostics plus conventional engine/emissions competence.	79,900 registered PHEVs [afdc_tx].
Pickup and commercial users	P2	Mobile uptime checks, tires, brakes, suspension and thermal triage.	Validate by paid fleet pilot; no volume assumed [evs_model].
Storm/hail owners	P2	Safe condition assessment and insurer/collision referral.	Severe storm, hail and hurricane exposure [noaa][phmsa_flood].

Post-warranty Tesla owners

Priority: P1
Need: Transparent diagnostics, thermal, suspension, tires, alignment and 12V.
Evidence: Tesla led Texas used-EV marketplace volume [marketcheck].

Used-EV buyers and sellers

Priority: P1
Need: Pre-purchase inspection, health screen and documented exclusions.
Evidence: 92,795 used-EV marketplace sales in 2024 [marketcheck].

PHEV households

Priority: P1
Need: Hybrid-safe diagnostics plus conventional engine/emissions competence.
Evidence: 79,900 registered PHEVs [afdc_tx].

Pickup and commercial users

Priority: P2
Need: Mobile uptime checks, tires, brakes, suspension and thermal triage.
Evidence: Validate by paid fleet pilot; no volume assumed [evs_model].

Storm/hail owners

Priority: P2
Need: Safe condition assessment and insurer/collision referral.
Evidence: Severe storm, hail and hurricane exposure [noaa][phmsa_flood].

Fleet segments

LOIs and paid work orders are gates.

Fleet segments

Segment	Offer	Gate
Delivery and service fleets	Mobile inspection, scheduled wear work and uptime dashboard.	Three signed LOIs covering at least 250 plug-in vehicles.
Municipal and utility fleets	Procurement-compliant inspection/maintenance pilot.	Paid work order; no grant-driven pipeline assumed.
Rental and remarketing	Turnaround inspections and used-EV condition records.	VIN/task access and liability scope validated.
Rideshare and high-mileage	Tires, alignment, suspension, brakes, 12V and thermal triage.	Unit economics proven without discounts.

Delivery and service fleets

Offer: Mobile inspection, scheduled wear work and uptime dashboard.
Gate: Three signed LOIs covering at least 250 plug-in vehicles.

Municipal and utility fleets

Offer: Procurement-compliant inspection/maintenance pilot.
Gate: Paid work order; no grant-driven pipeline assumed.

Rental and remarketing

Offer: Turnaround inspections and used-EV condition records.
Gate: VIN/task access and liability scope validated.

Rideshare and high-mileage

Offer: Tires, alignment, suspension, brakes, 12V and thermal triage.
Gate: Unit economics proven without discounts.

Leading brands and models

Marketplace mix guides tooling but does not equal stock.

Leading brands and models

Brand Or Model	Signal	Service Implication
Tesla	66,835 of 92,795 Texas used-EV marketplace sales in 2024 (72.02%).	Priority tooling and training; marketplace data, not registered parc [marketcheck].
Chevrolet	6,933 used-EV marketplace sales (7.47%).	Test Bolt/GM diagnostic workflow [marketcheck].
Mercedes-Benz / Kia / Audi	Next reviewed used-EV marketplace groups.	Support only VIN/task combinations with documented access [marketcheck].
Rivian	Official service presence in five reviewed Texas cities.	Pickup/van competence matters; OEM network is a competitor [rivian].
PHEV fleet	79,900 registered light-duty PHEVs.	Retain ICE/emissions and HV competencies [afdc_tx].

Tesla

Signal: 66,835 of 92,795 Texas used-EV marketplace sales in 2024 (72.02%).
Service Implication: Priority tooling and training; marketplace data, not registered parc [marketcheck].

Chevrolet

Signal: 6,933 used-EV marketplace sales (7.47%).
Service Implication: Test Bolt/GM diagnostic workflow [marketcheck].

Mercedes-Benz / Kia / Audi

Signal: Next reviewed used-EV marketplace groups.
Service Implication: Support only VIN/task combinations with documented access [marketcheck].

Rivian

Signal: Official service presence in five reviewed Texas cities.
Service Implication: Pickup/van competence matters; OEM network is a competitor [rivian].

PHEV fleet

Signal: 79,900 registered light-duty PHEVs.
Service Implication: Retain ICE/emissions and HV competencies [afdc_tx].

15In the full report

OEM competitors

Warranty and recall work remains OEM-led.

This section is in the full report.

16In the full report

Independent competitors

Texas has specialist competitors and a name-conflict risk.

This section is in the full report.

17In the full report

Priority regions

DFW first; Austin test; Houston held for clearance.

This section is in the full report.

18In the full report

Consumer incentives and fees

Closed and expired programmes are zero.

This section is in the full report.

19In the full report

Business and investment incentives

No award is assumed.

This section is in the full report.

20In the full report

Tax snapshot

Address, contract and entity advice remains mandatory.

This section is in the full report.

21In the full report

Licensing and franchise regulation

Public charging, electrical work and franchise offers have explicit gates.

This section is in the full report.

22In the full report

Labour and skills

Market pay and evidence-based competence are required.

This section is in the full report.

23In the full report

High-voltage safety

Task authorization drives scope.

This section is in the full report.

24In the full report

Battery, waste and transport

Classification and chain of custody precede acceptance.

This section is in the full report.

Data and consumer controls

Documentation and consent are product controls.

Data and consumer controls

Topic	Control	Reason
Estimate and scope	Written diagnosis boundary, parts/labor separation and approval trail.	Texas consumer and tax controls [ag_repair][repair_tax].
Telematics and scan data	VIN-level consent, minimum collection, retention and role access.	Customer trust and cyber risk [evs_model].
Warranty / recall	Verify and route; never represent independent work as OEM warranty.	Liability boundary [tesla_service][rivian].
Health score	Report test conditions, limitations and confidence; no unsupported remaining-life promise.	No universal battery-health denominator [evs_model].

Estimate and scope

Control: Written diagnosis boundary, parts/labor separation and approval trail.
Reason: Texas consumer and tax controls [ag_repair][repair_tax].

Telematics and scan data

Control: VIN-level consent, minimum collection, retention and role access.
Reason: Customer trust and cyber risk [evs_model].

Warranty / recall

Control: Verify and route; never represent independent work as OEM warranty.
Reason: Liability boundary [tesla_service][rivian].

Health score

Control: Report test conditions, limitations and confidence; no unsupported remaining-life promise.
Reason: No universal battery-health denominator [evs_model].

26In the full report

Recommended service portfolio

Wear, diagnostic and thermal work first; high-risk pack work held.

This section is in the full report.

27In the full report

Operating model

A company-controlled hub preserves learning.

This section is in the full report.

28In the full report

Franchise model

Franchise release follows repeatability and disclosure.

This section is in the full report.

29In the full report

Annual pilot economics

Nominal, pre-tax and unlevered sensitivities.

This section is in the full report.

30In the full report

90-day economics

Continuation is conditional, not promised.

This section is in the full report.

31In the full report

Risks

Brand, access, demand, battery, grid and weather dominate.

This section is in the full report.

Mitigations

Every major risk has a gate.

Mitigations

Risk	Action	Gate
Name conflict	Texas and federal trademark/search plus naming architecture before paid media or signage.	Written counsel clearance.
Data/parts	50 VIN × task matrix, parts lead times and insurer exclusions.	At least 80% green or amber tasks.
Demand	Paid clinic, deposits, fleet LOIs and drive-time geocode.	15,000 verified plug-ins plus 175 paid bookings/deposits.
Battery	Recipient/carrier contracts, quarantine and no-flood-pack rule.	Written chain accepted by insurer/fire/waste counsel.
Weather/grid	Hail-rated cover, drainage/flood review, outage SOP and utility capacity letter.	Insurer, landlord, fire and utility sign-off.
Economics	Weekly job, ARO, margin, rework and bay-utilization dashboard.	90-day continuation metrics.

Name conflict

Action: Texas and federal trademark/search plus naming architecture before paid media or signage.
Gate: Written counsel clearance.

Data/parts

Action: 50 VIN × task matrix, parts lead times and insurer exclusions.
Gate: At least 80% green or amber tasks.

Demand

Action: Paid clinic, deposits, fleet LOIs and drive-time geocode.
Gate: 15,000 verified plug-ins plus 175 paid bookings/deposits.

Battery

Action: Recipient/carrier contracts, quarantine and no-flood-pack rule.
Gate: Written chain accepted by insurer/fire/waste counsel.

Weather/grid

Action: Hail-rated cover, drainage/flood review, outage SOP and utility capacity letter.
Gate: Insurer, landlord, fire and utility sign-off.

Economics

Action: Weekly job, ARO, margin, rework and bay-utilization dashboard.
Gate: 90-day continuation metrics.

33In the full report

90-day entry plan

Front-load brand, demand, access and safety.

This section is in the full report.

34In the full report

Go / no-go gates

All launch gates remain open and franchise release is no-go.

This section is in the full report.

Methodology

Uncertainty is retained rather than hidden.

Methodology

Step	Method	Control
1	Use DOE/AFDC 2025 BEV+PHEV stock as primary TAM; keep TxDMV and Alliance series separate.	Definitions, dates and rounding not blended [afdc_tx][txdot_nevi][auto_tx].
2	Treat sales shares and weekly additions as flows, not stock.	No extrapolation without label [urban][txdot_nevi].
3	Apply transparent EVS sensitivities for service window, consideration, reach and forecast.	All are assumptions [evs_model].
4	Set verified SAM unknown and SOM zero.	No bankable market share before gates.
5	Model nominal USD scenarios, pre-tax/unlevered.	No grants, credits, charger revenue, financing, depreciation or residual value.
6	Triangulate official/state/industry/commercial sources.	Conflicts retained; material claims cite source ids.
7	Use access date 12 August 2026.	Recheck laws, programmes, rates and links before commitment.

Method: Use DOE/AFDC 2025 BEV+PHEV stock as primary TAM; keep TxDMV and Alliance series separate.
Control: Definitions, dates and rounding not blended [afdc_tx][txdot_nevi][auto_tx].

Method: Treat sales shares and weekly additions as flows, not stock.
Control: No extrapolation without label [urban][txdot_nevi].

Method: Apply transparent EVS sensitivities for service window, consideration, reach and forecast.
Control: All are assumptions [evs_model].

Method: Set verified SAM unknown and SOM zero.
Control: No bankable market share before gates.

Method: Model nominal USD scenarios, pre-tax/unlevered.
Control: No grants, credits, charger revenue, financing, depreciation or residual value.

Method: Triangulate official/state/industry/commercial sources.
Control: Conflicts retained; material claims cite source ids.

Method: Use access date 12 August 2026.
Control: Recheck laws, programmes, rates and links before commitment.

Priority data requests

Seven gaps can change the decision.

Priority data requests

Gap	Decision Impact	Next Action
VIN/ZIP/age/warranty plug-in parc	Determines verified catchment and SAM.	Buy/licence matched dataset.
OEM task-level diagnostic/parts rights	Determines service menu.	50 VIN × task proof.
DFW paid demand and fleet density	Determines site.	Clinics, bookings, LOIs and geocode.
Exact-site utility tariff/capacity	Determines capex and schedule.	Written utility letter.
Texas brand clearance	Could block EVS name.	Counsel and confusion study [evsmotors].
Insurer/fire/waste/carrier scope	Determines battery work.	Written task and custody approvals.
Local permits and tax classification	Determines lease and invoices.	Address-specific counsel/CPA/authority diligence.

VIN/ZIP/age/warranty plug-in parc

Decision Impact: Determines verified catchment and SAM.
Next Action: Buy/licence matched dataset.

OEM task-level diagnostic/parts rights

Decision Impact: Determines service menu.
Next Action: 50 VIN × task proof.

DFW paid demand and fleet density

Decision Impact: Determines site.
Next Action: Clinics, bookings, LOIs and geocode.

Exact-site utility tariff/capacity

Decision Impact: Determines capex and schedule.
Next Action: Written utility letter.

Texas brand clearance

Decision Impact: Could block EVS name.
Next Action: Counsel and confusion study [evsmotors].

Insurer/fire/waste/carrier scope

Decision Impact: Determines battery work.
Next Action: Written task and custody approvals.

Local permits and tax classification

Decision Impact: Determines lease and invoices.
Next Action: Address-specific counsel/CPA/authority diligence.

Complete source register

Every source is linked, dated and classified.

Complete source register

Id	Title	Publisher	Publication Date	Accessed At	Url	Classification	Notes
afdc_tx	Alternative Fuels Data Center—Texas	U.S. Department of Energy	—	2026-08-12	https://afdc.energy.gov/states/tx	Primary / authoritative	2024 and 2025 light-duty registrations by fuel and current charging-port counts from TransAtlas/Experian.
afdc_reg	Vehicle Registration Counts by State	U.S. Department of Energy	—	2026-08-12	https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicle-registration	Primary / authoritative	Definitions and rounding for AFDC state light-duty registrations.
afdc_bev	Electric Vehicle Registrations by State	U.S. Department of Energy	2024-06-01	2026-08-12	https://afdc.energy.gov/data/10962	Primary / authoritative	Texas BEV registrations at 31 December 2023; PHEV not available in this chart.
txdot_nevi	Meeting Demand for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure	Texas Department of Transportation	2026-02-24	2026-08-12	https://www.txdot.gov/about/newsroom/stories/meeting-demand-for-electric-vehicle-infrastructure.html	Primary / authoritative	TxDMV plug-in count, weekly growth and Texas NEVI deployment status.
auto_tx	Texas Economic Insights	Alliance for Automotive Innovation	2025-01-01	2026-08-12	https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/tx	Industry association / commercial data	2024 S&P Global Mobility stock, vehicle age, sales, employment and tax context.
urban	EV Sales Microstudy	Urban Science	2024-06-27	2026-08-12	https://www.urbanscience.com/insightlab/urban-science-ev-sales-microstudy-unveils-u-s-electrification-trends-and-state-level-bev-market-share-leaders/	Commercial primary research	Texas retail BEV volume/share and leading county shares through April 2024.
marketcheck	Tesla Dominated Texas Used EV Market 2024	MarketCheck	2025-03-01	2026-08-12	https://www.marketcheck.com/press/tesla-dominated-texas-used-ev-market-2024/	Commercial marketplace analysis	Marketplace-derived 2024 used-EV sales and brand mix; not registration stock.
tesla_tx	Tesla Sales Remain Resilient in Texas	Axios	2025-06-09	2026-08-12	https://www.axios.com/local/austin/2025/06/09/amid-backlash-tesla-sales-resilient-texas	Secondary reporting	Q1 2025 Texas Tesla-registration comparison from county/state records.
dmv_fee	Register Your Vehicle	Texas Department of Motor Vehicles	—	2026-08-12	https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/register-your-vehicle	Primary / authoritative	Annual $200 all-electric-vehicle fee and $400 new two-year registration charge.
tceq_ldplip	Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Purchase or Lease Incentive Program	Texas Commission on Environmental Quality	—	2026-08-12	https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/terp/ldplip	Primary / authoritative	Programme status shown closed at access.
tceq_ldplip_launch	TCEQ Launches Light-Duty Vehicle Programme	Texas Commission on Environmental Quality	2025-10-14	2026-08-12	https://www.tceq.texas.gov/news/releases/tceq-launches-program-to-reduce-emissions-from-light-duty-vehicles	Primary / authoritative	Up to $2,500, maximum 2,000 grants, March 2026 deadline; historical only.
irs_vehicle	Clean Vehicle Tax Credits	Internal Revenue Service	2025-10-01	2026-08-12	https://www.irs.gov/clean-vehicle-tax-credits	Primary / authoritative	New, used and commercial clean-vehicle credits unavailable for acquisitions after 30 September 2025.
irs_charger	Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit—Businesses	Internal Revenue Service	2026-07-01	2026-08-12	https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/alternative-fuel-vehicle-refueling-property-credit-for-businesses	Primary / authoritative	Credit not available for property placed in service after 30 June 2026.
txvemp	Texas Volkswagen Environmental Mitigation Program—All-Electric	Texas Commission on Environmental Quality	—	2026-08-12	https://www.tceq.texas.gov/agency/trust/all-electric	Primary / authoritative	All-electric programme accepting applications through 31 August 2026 unless suspended; direct EVS eligibility unverified.
terp	Texas Emissions Reduction Plan Programmes	Texas Commission on Environmental Quality	2026-07-22	2026-08-12	https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/terp/programs	Primary / authoritative	Current programme inventory; no EVS benefit assumed.
austin_home	Austin Energy Home Charging	Austin Energy	—	2026-08-12	https://austinenergy.com/green-power/plug-in-austin/home-charging	Primary / authoritative	Residential Level 2 charger rebate: 50% up to published caps; customer-specific.
austin_partner	Power Partner EV Programme Expansion	Austin Energy	2025-06-25	2026-08-12	https://austinenergy.com/about/news/news-releases/2025/Austin-Energy-expands-Power-Partner-Electric-Vehicle-Program	Primary / authoritative	Managed-charging enrollment and annual incentives; customer programme.
cps_rewards	EV Smart Rewards	CPS Energy	2026-06-25	2026-08-12	https://newsroom.cpsenergy.com/ev-smart-rewards-program/	Primary / authoritative	San Antonio-area off-peak managed-charging rewards.
ercot_peak	ERCOT All-Time Peak Demand Records	ERCOT	2026-07-27	2026-08-12	https://www.ercot.com/static-assets/data/news/content/a-peak-demand/2026/all-time-records.htm	Primary / authoritative	Preliminary 91,089 MW all-time peak on 22 July 2026.
ercot_forecast	Preliminary 2026 Long-Term Load Forecast	ERCOT	2026-04-15	2026-08-12	https://www.ercot.com/news/release/04152026-ercot-releases-preliminary	Primary / authoritative	Preliminary 367,790 MW 2032 demand forecast; context, not site capacity.
sales_tax	Sales and Use Tax	Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts	—	2026-08-12	https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/sales/	Primary / authoritative	6.25% state rate plus local rates up to 2%, maximum 8.25%.
repair_tax	Comptroller Decision 202409013H	Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts	2024-09-01	2026-08-12	https://star.comptroller.texas.gov/view/202409013H	Primary / authoritative	Motor-vehicle repair labor treatment and parts taxation under separated contracts.
franchise_tax	Franchise Tax Forms and Rates	Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts	—	2026-08-12	https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/franchise/index.php/forms/	Primary / authoritative	2026/2027 no-tax-due threshold and rates.
sos_franchise	Business Opportunity and Franchise FAQs	Texas Secretary of State	—	2026-08-12	https://www.sos.state.tx.us/statdoc/faqs2700.shtml	Primary / authoritative	Texas exemption notice for materially FTC-compliant franchisors before offers or sales.
ftc_franchise	Consumer Guide to Buying a Franchise	Federal Trade Commission	—	2026-08-12	https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/consumers-guide-buying-franchise	Primary / authoritative	Federal Franchise Rule 14-day disclosure requirement.
ag_repair	Car Repair Tips	Office of the Texas Attorney General	—	2026-08-12	https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/consumer-protection/automotive-scams/car-repair-tips	Primary / authoritative	Repair representations, estimates and documentation controls.
twc_wage	FLSA Does and Does Not Do	Texas Workforce Commission	—	2026-08-12	https://efte.twc.texas.gov/flsa_does_and_doesnt_do.html	Primary / authoritative	$7.25 minimum wage and federal overtime baseline.
dps_inspection	Vehicle Safety Inspection Changes Now in Effect	Texas Department of Public Safety	2025-01-03	2026-08-12	https://www.dps.texas.gov/news/vehicle-safety-inspection-program-changes-now-effect	Primary / authoritative	Non-commercial safety-inspection elimination, fees, emissions counties and BEV exemption.
tdlr_evse	EV Charging Station Registration	Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation	2025-02-24	2026-08-12	https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/news/2025/02/24/reminder-march-1-registration-deadline/	Primary / authoritative	Commercial-network EVSE registration and exemptions.
tdlr_evse_fee	Apply for EVSE Registration	Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation	—	2026-08-12	https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/ev-charging/apply.htm	Primary / authoritative	$30 per public commercial charging port and annual renewal.
tdlr_electric	Electricians	Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation	—	2026-08-12	https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/electricians/index.htm	Primary / authoritative	Non-exempt electrical work requires licensed individuals working through a licensed electrical contractor.
tceq_battery	Managing Electric Vehicle Batteries	Texas Commission on Environmental Quality	2026-04-01	2026-08-12	https://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/waste_permits/ihw_permits/managing-electric-vehicle-batteries	Primary / authoritative	Texas hazardous, universal and nonhazardous industrial waste pathways and thresholds.
tceq_universal	Universal Waste	Texas Commission on Environmental Quality	—	2026-08-12	https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assistance/waste/universal.html	Primary / authoritative	One-year accumulation and large-quantity handler controls.
epa_faq	Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling FAQ	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	2025-08-01	2026-08-12	https://www.epa.gov/hw/lithium-ion-battery-recycling-frequently-asked-questions	Primary / authoritative	Shop-removed EV battery classification, universal-waste and damaged-battery rules.
phmsa_battery	Lithium Batteries	Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration	—	2026-08-12	https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/lithiumbatteries	Primary / authoritative	49 CFR 171–180 transport requirements and damaged-battery risk.
phmsa_flood	Flood-Damaged EV Battery Safety Advisory	Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration	—	2026-08-12	https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/regulatory-compliance/phmsa-guidance/phmsa-safety-advisory-notice-transportation-electric-vehicles-containing-lithium-batteries-damaged-by-extreme-weather-events	Primary / authoritative	Flood/submersion assessment and HMR duties.
osha_training	Training Requirements in OSHA Standards	Occupational Safety and Health Administration	—	2026-08-12	https://www.osha.gov/training	Primary / authoritative	Employer duty to train exposed workers.
osha_elec	Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices	Occupational Safety and Health Administration	—	2026-08-12	https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/std-01-16-007	Primary / authoritative	Qualified-person electrical skills under 29 CFR 1910.331–.335.
ase	xEV Safety Certifications	National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence	—	2026-08-12	https://www.ase.com/xev	Industry certification body	Voluntary Level 1 and Level 2 EV safety competence benchmarks.
noaa	Texas Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information	2025-01-01	2026-08-12	https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/TX	Primary / authoritative	Texas disaster frequency and 2024 hurricane/hail events through 2024.
rivian	Rivian Locations	Rivian	—	2026-08-12	https://rivian.com/spaces/locations	Commercial primary source	Official Texas service-and-demo presence in Austin, Dallas, Houston, Katy and San Antonio.
tesla_service	Tesla Service	Tesla	—	2026-08-12	https://service.tesla.com/	Commercial primary source	OEM service and independent-information gateway; VIN/task access must be tested.
evlove	EVLove	EVLove	—	2026-08-12	https://www.3vlove.com/	Commercial primary source	Houston independent EV/Tesla specialist.
bigd	Big D Wheels and Tires EV Repair	Big D Wheels and Tires	—	2026-08-12	https://bigdwheelsandtires.com/	Commercial primary source	Dallas independent serving Tesla, Rivian, hybrid and PHEV vehicles.
evsmotors	EVS Motors	EVS Motors	—	2026-08-12	https://www.evsmotors.com/	Commercial primary source	Houston collision business using EVS name; brand-confusion and trademark gate.
tceq_industrial	Industrial and Hazardous Waste	Texas Commission on Environmental Quality	—	2026-08-12	https://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/waste_permits/ihw_permits	Primary / authoritative	Industrial and hazardous waste permitting and registration context.
txdot_plan	Texas Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan	Texas Department of Transportation	—	2026-08-12	https://www.txdot.gov/projects/projects-studies/statewide/texas-electric-vehicle-planning-03-22.html	Primary / authoritative	Texas corridor planning and NEVI programme context.
tdlr_evse_rules	Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Are Regulated by TDLR	Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation	2023-08-24	2026-08-12	https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/news/2023/08/24/electric-vehicle-charging-stations-are-regulated-by-tdlr/	Primary / authoritative	Inspection, provider registration, receipts and damaged-equipment obligations.
tesla_giga	Gigafactory Texas	Tesla	—	2026-08-12	https://www.tesla.com/giga-texas	Commercial primary source	Texas manufacturing presence; context only, not addressable service demand.
evs_model	EVS Texas Decision Model	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-12	2026-08-12	https://evsworldwide.com/	EVS assumption register	All forecasts, addressability factors, economics, gates and recommendations are EVS assumptions.

afdc_tx

Title: Alternative Fuels Data Center—Texas
Publisher: U.S. Department of Energy
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://afdc.energy.gov/states/tx
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: 2024 and 2025 light-duty registrations by fuel and current charging-port counts from TransAtlas/Experian.

afdc_reg

Title: Vehicle Registration Counts by State
Publisher: U.S. Department of Energy
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicle-registration
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Definitions and rounding for AFDC state light-duty registrations.

afdc_bev

Title: Electric Vehicle Registrations by State
Publisher: U.S. Department of Energy
Publication Date: 2024-06-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://afdc.energy.gov/data/10962
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Texas BEV registrations at 31 December 2023; PHEV not available in this chart.

txdot_nevi

Title: Meeting Demand for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure
Publisher: Texas Department of Transportation
Publication Date: 2026-02-24
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.txdot.gov/about/newsroom/stories/meeting-demand-for-electric-vehicle-infrastructure.html
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: TxDMV plug-in count, weekly growth and Texas NEVI deployment status.

auto_tx

Title: Texas Economic Insights
Publisher: Alliance for Automotive Innovation
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/tx
Classification: Industry association / commercial data
Notes: 2024 S&P Global Mobility stock, vehicle age, sales, employment and tax context.

urban

Title: EV Sales Microstudy
Publisher: Urban Science
Publication Date: 2024-06-27
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.urbanscience.com/insightlab/urban-science-ev-sales-microstudy-unveils-u-s-electrification-trends-and-state-level-bev-market-share-leaders/
Classification: Commercial primary research
Notes: Texas retail BEV volume/share and leading county shares through April 2024.

marketcheck

Title: Tesla Dominated Texas Used EV Market 2024
Publisher: MarketCheck
Publication Date: 2025-03-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.marketcheck.com/press/tesla-dominated-texas-used-ev-market-2024/
Classification: Commercial marketplace analysis
Notes: Marketplace-derived 2024 used-EV sales and brand mix; not registration stock.

tesla_tx

Title: Tesla Sales Remain Resilient in Texas
Publisher: Axios
Publication Date: 2025-06-09
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.axios.com/local/austin/2025/06/09/amid-backlash-tesla-sales-resilient-texas
Classification: Secondary reporting
Notes: Q1 2025 Texas Tesla-registration comparison from county/state records.

dmv_fee

Title: Register Your Vehicle
Publisher: Texas Department of Motor Vehicles
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/register-your-vehicle
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Annual $200 all-electric-vehicle fee and $400 new two-year registration charge.

tceq_ldplip

Title: Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Purchase or Lease Incentive Program
Publisher: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/terp/ldplip
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Programme status shown closed at access.

tceq_ldplip_launch

Title: TCEQ Launches Light-Duty Vehicle Programme
Publisher: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Publication Date: 2025-10-14
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tceq.texas.gov/news/releases/tceq-launches-program-to-reduce-emissions-from-light-duty-vehicles
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Up to $2,500, maximum 2,000 grants, March 2026 deadline; historical only.

irs_vehicle

Title: Clean Vehicle Tax Credits
Publisher: Internal Revenue Service
Publication Date: 2025-10-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.irs.gov/clean-vehicle-tax-credits
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: New, used and commercial clean-vehicle credits unavailable for acquisitions after 30 September 2025.

irs_charger

Title: Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit—Businesses
Publisher: Internal Revenue Service
Publication Date: 2026-07-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/alternative-fuel-vehicle-refueling-property-credit-for-businesses
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Credit not available for property placed in service after 30 June 2026.

txvemp

Title: Texas Volkswagen Environmental Mitigation Program—All-Electric
Publisher: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tceq.texas.gov/agency/trust/all-electric
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: All-electric programme accepting applications through 31 August 2026 unless suspended; direct EVS eligibility unverified.

terp

Title: Texas Emissions Reduction Plan Programmes
Publisher: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Publication Date: 2026-07-22
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/terp/programs
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Current programme inventory; no EVS benefit assumed.

austin_home

Title: Austin Energy Home Charging
Publisher: Austin Energy
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://austinenergy.com/green-power/plug-in-austin/home-charging
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Residential Level 2 charger rebate: 50% up to published caps; customer-specific.

austin_partner

Title: Power Partner EV Programme Expansion
Publisher: Austin Energy
Publication Date: 2025-06-25
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://austinenergy.com/about/news/news-releases/2025/Austin-Energy-expands-Power-Partner-Electric-Vehicle-Program
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Managed-charging enrollment and annual incentives; customer programme.

cps_rewards

Title: EV Smart Rewards
Publisher: CPS Energy
Publication Date: 2026-06-25
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://newsroom.cpsenergy.com/ev-smart-rewards-program/
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: San Antonio-area off-peak managed-charging rewards.

ercot_peak

Title: ERCOT All-Time Peak Demand Records
Publisher: ERCOT
Publication Date: 2026-07-27
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.ercot.com/static-assets/data/news/content/a-peak-demand/2026/all-time-records.htm
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Preliminary 91,089 MW all-time peak on 22 July 2026.

ercot_forecast

Title: Preliminary 2026 Long-Term Load Forecast
Publisher: ERCOT
Publication Date: 2026-04-15
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.ercot.com/news/release/04152026-ercot-releases-preliminary
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Preliminary 367,790 MW 2032 demand forecast; context, not site capacity.

sales_tax

Title: Sales and Use Tax
Publisher: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/sales/
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: 6.25% state rate plus local rates up to 2%, maximum 8.25%.

repair_tax

Title: Comptroller Decision 202409013H
Publisher: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://star.comptroller.texas.gov/view/202409013H
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Motor-vehicle repair labor treatment and parts taxation under separated contracts.

franchise_tax

Title: Franchise Tax Forms and Rates
Publisher: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/franchise/index.php/forms/
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: 2026/2027 no-tax-due threshold and rates.

sos_franchise

Title: Business Opportunity and Franchise FAQs
Publisher: Texas Secretary of State
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.sos.state.tx.us/statdoc/faqs2700.shtml
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Texas exemption notice for materially FTC-compliant franchisors before offers or sales.

ftc_franchise

Title: Consumer Guide to Buying a Franchise
Publisher: Federal Trade Commission
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/consumers-guide-buying-franchise
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Federal Franchise Rule 14-day disclosure requirement.

ag_repair

Title: Car Repair Tips
Publisher: Office of the Texas Attorney General
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/consumer-protection/automotive-scams/car-repair-tips
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Repair representations, estimates and documentation controls.

twc_wage

Title: FLSA Does and Does Not Do
Publisher: Texas Workforce Commission
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://efte.twc.texas.gov/flsa_does_and_doesnt_do.html
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: $7.25 minimum wage and federal overtime baseline.

dps_inspection

Title: Vehicle Safety Inspection Changes Now in Effect
Publisher: Texas Department of Public Safety
Publication Date: 2025-01-03
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.dps.texas.gov/news/vehicle-safety-inspection-program-changes-now-effect
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Non-commercial safety-inspection elimination, fees, emissions counties and BEV exemption.

tdlr_evse

Title: EV Charging Station Registration
Publisher: Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation
Publication Date: 2025-02-24
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/news/2025/02/24/reminder-march-1-registration-deadline/
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Commercial-network EVSE registration and exemptions.

tdlr_evse_fee

Title: Apply for EVSE Registration
Publisher: Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/ev-charging/apply.htm
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: $30 per public commercial charging port and annual renewal.

tdlr_electric

Title: Electricians
Publisher: Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/electricians/index.htm
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Non-exempt electrical work requires licensed individuals working through a licensed electrical contractor.

tceq_battery

Title: Managing Electric Vehicle Batteries
Publisher: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Publication Date: 2026-04-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/waste_permits/ihw_permits/managing-electric-vehicle-batteries
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Texas hazardous, universal and nonhazardous industrial waste pathways and thresholds.

tceq_universal

Title: Universal Waste
Publisher: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assistance/waste/universal.html
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: One-year accumulation and large-quantity handler controls.

epa_faq

Title: Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling FAQ
Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publication Date: 2025-08-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.epa.gov/hw/lithium-ion-battery-recycling-frequently-asked-questions
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Shop-removed EV battery classification, universal-waste and damaged-battery rules.

phmsa_battery

Title: Lithium Batteries
Publisher: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/lithiumbatteries
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: 49 CFR 171–180 transport requirements and damaged-battery risk.

phmsa_flood

Title: Flood-Damaged EV Battery Safety Advisory
Publisher: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/regulatory-compliance/phmsa-guidance/phmsa-safety-advisory-notice-transportation-electric-vehicles-containing-lithium-batteries-damaged-by-extreme-weather-events
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Flood/submersion assessment and HMR duties.

osha_training

Title: Training Requirements in OSHA Standards
Publisher: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.osha.gov/training
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Employer duty to train exposed workers.

osha_elec

Title: Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices
Publisher: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/std-01-16-007
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Qualified-person electrical skills under 29 CFR 1910.331–.335.

ase

Title: xEV Safety Certifications
Publisher: National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.ase.com/xev
Classification: Industry certification body
Notes: Voluntary Level 1 and Level 2 EV safety competence benchmarks.

noaa

Title: Texas Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters
Publisher: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/TX
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Texas disaster frequency and 2024 hurricane/hail events through 2024.

rivian

Title: Rivian Locations
Publisher: Rivian
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://rivian.com/spaces/locations
Classification: Commercial primary source
Notes: Official Texas service-and-demo presence in Austin, Dallas, Houston, Katy and San Antonio.

tesla_service

Title: Tesla Service
Publisher: Tesla
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://service.tesla.com/
Classification: Commercial primary source
Notes: OEM service and independent-information gateway; VIN/task access must be tested.

evlove

Title: EVLove
Publisher: EVLove
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.3vlove.com/
Classification: Commercial primary source
Notes: Houston independent EV/Tesla specialist.

bigd

Title: Big D Wheels and Tires EV Repair
Publisher: Big D Wheels and Tires
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://bigdwheelsandtires.com/
Classification: Commercial primary source
Notes: Dallas independent serving Tesla, Rivian, hybrid and PHEV vehicles.

evsmotors

Title: EVS Motors
Publisher: EVS Motors
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.evsmotors.com/
Classification: Commercial primary source
Notes: Houston collision business using EVS name; brand-confusion and trademark gate.

tceq_industrial

Title: Industrial and Hazardous Waste
Publisher: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/waste_permits/ihw_permits
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Industrial and hazardous waste permitting and registration context.

txdot_plan

Title: Texas Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan
Publisher: Texas Department of Transportation
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.txdot.gov/projects/projects-studies/statewide/texas-electric-vehicle-planning-03-22.html
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Texas corridor planning and NEVI programme context.

tdlr_evse_rules

Title: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Are Regulated by TDLR
Publisher: Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation
Publication Date: 2023-08-24
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/news/2023/08/24/electric-vehicle-charging-stations-are-regulated-by-tdlr/
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Notes: Inspection, provider registration, receipts and damaged-equipment obligations.

tesla_giga

Title: Gigafactory Texas
Publisher: Tesla
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://www.tesla.com/giga-texas
Classification: Commercial primary source
Notes: Texas manufacturing presence; context only, not addressable service demand.

evs_model

Title: EVS Texas Decision Model
Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-12
Accessed At: 2026-08-12
Url: https://evsworldwide.com/
Classification: EVS assumption register
Notes: All forecasts, addressability factors, economics, gates and recommendations are EVS assumptions.

Method / Sources and confidence

Where every figure
comes from.

Registrations, charging and legal requirements are read from primary sources. Where no official dataset exists, the model and its assumptions are published instead of a single unexplained number. This report is a dated snapshot: August 2026.

Reports are commercial research, not legal, tax or investment advice.

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