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Mozambique

EVS Mozambique EV Service Centre Market Entry

Decision-grade Mozambique assessment separating active passenger plug-in data gaps, all-powertrain parc, future policy targets, buses, two/three-wheel projects, charging evidence and EVS assumptions.

Snapshot: 11 August 202645-page full report
Talk to the expansion team
Active passenger plug-in stock
—

No authoritative active passenger BEV/PHEV stock series.

Public connectors
—

No verified public passenger connector census.

Gate SAM jobs/year
324

Only after 500 separated active Greater Maputo–Matola plug-ins.

Base simple payback
5.714

Partner-clinic assumption on MZN1.2m reversible capex.

Executive summary

The verdict in full

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Market headline

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Market headline

2024 all-powertrain vehicle parc
Value
1,320,000
Unit
vehicles
Status
INE-attributed secondary relay; no propulsion split [ine_parc].
2024 light-vehicle parc
Value
897,273
Unit
vehicles
Status
INE-attributed; not private-only and no powertrain split [ine_parc].
Current active passenger BEV/PHEV stock
Value
—
Unit
vehicles
Status
No authoritative separated active-stock series located.
Verified public passenger-EV connectors
Value
—
Unit
connectors
Status
No authoritative national/site-level census located.
Gate SAM
Value
324
Unit
jobs/year
Status
Activates only after 500 active Greater Maputo–Matola plug-ins.
Executable SOM
Value
0
Unit
jobs
Status
Zero until every hard gate passes.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Macroeconomic context

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Macroeconomic context

Real GDP growth
Value
2.1
Unit
percent
Period
2024
Source
IMF [imf_2026]
4 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Market size and vehicle parc context

The 1.32m parc is all powertrains. No current active passenger/light-commercial plug-in denominator was located.

Market size and vehicle parc context

Total vehicle parc
Value
1,320,000
Period
2024
Treatment
All powertrains; rounded public relay [ine_parc].
Light vehicles
Value
897,273
Period
2024
Treatment
All powertrains; not passenger EV stock [ine_parc].
Heavy vehicles
Value
267,792
Period
2024
Treatment
All powertrains [ine_parc].
Motorcycles
Value
100,695
Period
2024
Treatment
All powertrains; separate workstream [ine_parc].
Maputo City vehicles
Value
564,525
Period
2024
Treatment
All powertrains [ine_parc].
Maputo Province vehicles
Value
496,707
Period
2024
Treatment
All powertrains; territorial overlap/definition to verify [ine_parc].
Active passenger BEV/PHEV stock
Value
—
Period
Current
Treatment
TAM denominator unavailable.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

BEV/PHEV sales, stock and adoption history

No authoritative annual BEV/PHEV sales or active-stock history was located; nulls are deliberate.

2024 all-powertrain parc composition

Vehicles; not EV stock.

1,320,000
897,273
267,792
100,695
564,525
496,707
0
Total vehicle parc
Light vehicles
Heavy vehicles
Motorcycles
Maputo City vehicles
Maputo Province vehicles
Active passenger BEV/PHEV stock

Source: INE: Vehicle Fleet Grew 4.2% in 2024, Surpassing 1.3 Million Vehicles

BEV/PHEV sales, stock and adoption history

2022
Passenger Bev Sales
—
Passenger Phev Sales
—
Active Passenger Bev Phev
—
Other Evidence
1.2m all-powertrain parc reported; no propulsion split.
2023
Passenger Bev Sales
—
Passenger Phev Sales
—
Active Passenger Bev Phev
—
Other Evidence
1.27m all-powertrain vehicles reported; no EV split [lusa_imports].
2024
Passenger Bev Sales
—
Passenger Phev Sales
—
Active Passenger Bev Phev
—
Other Evidence
1.32m all-powertrain parc and 897,273 light vehicles [ine_parc].
2025
Passenger Bev Sales
—
Passenger Phev Sales
—
Active Passenger Bev Phev
—
Other Evidence
One electric bus unveiled; duty exemption approved late year; no registry series [metrobus] [duty_zero].
2026
Passenger Bev Sales
—
Passenger Phev Sales
—
Active Passenger Bev Phev
—
Other Evidence
No authoritative active-stock or sales release located as of access date.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Get the full Mozambique analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.

Definition reconciliation

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Definition reconciliation

1.32 million vehicles
Treatment
All-powertrain administrative parc
Reason
No powertrain or active-status definition published in accessible relay [ine_parc].
1% private road transport in 2030
Treatment
Official strategy target share
Reason
Target, not realised stock or forecast [ete].
One electric bus unveiled
Treatment
Observed launch signal only
Reason
Not passenger-car TAM or confirmed in-service fleet [metrobus].
10 additional buses / earlier 300-bus plan
Treatment
Announced pipeline
Reason
No delivery/registration evidence; excluded [metrobus] [bus_plan_2024].
59 motorbikes + 20 scooters + 30 three-wheelers
Treatment
Project targets
Reason
Funder page describes pilot target, not active fleet [eep].
Five swap stations
Treatment
Project target
Reason
Not public passenger-car charging [eep].
20% duty reduced to zero
Treatment
Policy incentive for solely electric vehicles
Reason
Customs benefit, not adoption count; written classification required [duty_zero].

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Cautious / base / high forecasts

These are EVS share sensitivities on the 2024 light parc. The high case mirrors the ETE 2030 private-transport target, but is not an official vehicle forecast.

Cautious / base / high forecasts

Cautious
Share Pct
0.25
Modelled 2030 Plug In Count
2,243
Basis
EVS sensitivity applied to the 2024 all-powertrain light-vehicle parc. High case equals the ETE 2030 target share for private road transport; it is not a stock forecast and the denominator is only a proxy.
Base
Share Pct
0.5
Modelled 2030 Plug In Count
4,486
Basis
EVS sensitivity applied to the 2024 all-powertrain light-vehicle parc. High case equals the ETE 2030 target share for private road transport; it is not a stock forecast and the denominator is only a proxy.
High / policy-aligned sensitivity
Share Pct
1
Modelled 2030 Plug In Count
8,973
Basis
EVS sensitivity applied to the 2024 all-powertrain light-vehicle parc. High case equals the ETE 2030 target share for private road transport; it is not a stock forecast and the denominator is only a proxy.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Charging infrastructure

Bus charging and two-wheel swapping are not a public passenger-car connector network. A passenger EVSE census remains null.

Charging infrastructure

Public passenger-car charging
Count
—
Status
No authoritative connector, power, access, tariff and uptime census located.
MetroBus charging infrastructure
Count
—
Status
Operator-linked announcement identifies charger ratings but no commissioned count/site register; published kW/h units are technically invalid [metrobus].
Epsilon battery swapping
Count
5
Status
Pilot target for motorbikes/scooters/three-wheelers; not passenger-car EVSE [eep].
Workshop connection
Count
—
Status
Obtain EDM/ARENE site-specific load, earthing, protection, metering, tariff and outage evidence [edm] [arene].

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Electric two- and three-wheel ecosystem

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

2030 plug-in share sensitivities

EVS model on 2024 light parc; high case mirrors the ETE 1% target.

Cautious2,243
Base4,486
High / policy-aligned sensitivityBase case8,973

Source: Mozambique mixed-source evidence tables

Electric two- and three-wheel ecosystem

Epsilon Mobilidade
Assets
59
Unit
electric motorbikes target
Status
Pilot target to October 2026 [eep].
Epsilon Mobilidade
Assets
20
Unit
electric scooters target
Status
Pilot target [eep].
Epsilon Mobilidade
Assets
30
Unit
electric three-wheelers target
Status
Pilot target [eep].
Epsilon Mobilidade
Assets
5
Unit
swap stations target
Status
Two/three-wheel infrastructure [eep].
Mobility for Africa / SCF
Assets
—
Unit
rural three-wheel EVs
Status
Project evidence; quantity not publicly confirmed [scf].

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Get the full Mozambique analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.

Electric buses

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Electric buses

Electric bus physically unveiled
Value
1
Unit
bus
Period
FACIM 2025
Status
Secondary operator relay; service/registration status unverified [metrobus].
Additional buses announced
Value
10
Unit
buses
Period
—
Status
Plan only [metrobus].
Earlier IFC/MetroBus plan
Value
300
Unit
buses
Period
—
Status
Historical plan; not delivered stock [bus_plan_2024].
2025 public procurement electric buses
Value
0
Unit
identified buses
Period
—
Status
Reported 390-bus mix was CNG/diesel/other, not electric [bus_procurement].

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Vehicle parc age and service demand

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Vehicle parc age and service demand

All-powertrain light parc
Value
897,273
Unit
vehicles
Implication
Large mechanical-service base but not EV demand [ine_parc].
Light-parc growth 2021–2024
Value
12
Unit
percent
Implication
Vehicle-service demand grows; EV share remains unknown [ine_parc].
Average vehicle age
Value
—
Unit
years
Implication
No current official age distribution located.
Used-vehicle PSI
Value
1
Unit
mandatory process
Implication
Import/service files should capture inspection and conformity evidence [intertek_psi].
Passenger plug-ins by city/age/warranty
Value
—
Unit
vehicles
Implication
Blocks current TAM and site density.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

EVS assumptions

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

EVS assumptions

Greater Maputo–Matola launch threshold
Value
500
Unit
active passenger/light-commercial BEV/PHEV
Basis
EVS density gate, not estimate.
Active/available factor
Value
0.9
Unit
share
Basis
EVS planning haircut after registry proof.
Independent reach
Value
0.6
Unit
share
Basis
After warranty, captive, unsupported-VIN and consent screening.
Service events
Value
1.2
Unit
jobs/vehicle/year
Basis
EVS diagnostic/chassis blend.
Average repair order
Value
12,500
Unit
MZN/job
Basis
Replace with paid observations.
Reversible capex ceiling
Value
1,200,000
Unit
MZN
Basis
EVS board gate.
Executable SOM before gates
Value
0
Unit
jobs
Basis
Deliberately zero.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Transparent TAM / SAM / SOM

Current national TAM remains null and executable SOM zero. The quantified opportunity is a board gate, not a market estimate.

Transparent TAM / SAM / SOM

National active passenger/light-commercial plug-in TAM
Vehicles
—
Jobs Per Year
—
Revenue Mzn
—
Status
Not quantified: authoritative active denominator unavailable.
2030 high policy-aligned sensitivity
Vehicles
8,973
Jobs Per Year
—
Revenue Mzn
—
Status
1% × 2024 light parc; illustrative, not current TAM or official forecast [ete] [ine_parc].
Greater Maputo–Matola gate SAM
Vehicles
270
Jobs Per Year
324
Revenue Mzn
4,050,000
Status
500 × 90% active × 60% reach × 1.20 events.
1 more row in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Get the full Mozambique analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.

Customer and fleet segments

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Customer and fleet segments

Private early adopters / lawful imports
Need
Pre-purchase, scan, charging, 12V and chassis evidence
Priority
High only for supported VINs.
Corporate, NGO, embassy, rental and hospitality fleets
Need
Route/charging readiness and condition reporting
Priority
Highest through paid fleet trial.
Ride-hailing and delivery fleets
Need
Uptime, tyres, brakes, charging and 12V
Priority
Passenger cars/vans only; motorcycles separate.
Public and municipal fleets
Need
Procurement-compliant reporting and SLA
Priority
Contract only.
Electric motorcycles/three-wheelers
Need
Swap-battery tools and operator partnership
Priority
Separate workstream [eep] [scf].
Electric buses/trucks
Need
Depot tools, lifts and OEM contract
Priority
Excluded absent verified fleet contract.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Leading EV brands and models

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Leading EV brands and models

BYD / Tesla / Geely / other parallel imports
Model
VIN-level discovery required
Powertrain
BEV/PHEV mixed
Signal
No official brand/model registration ranking located; commercial availability does not prove stock.
Toyota / CFAO
Model
Conventional and hybrid ecosystem
Powertrain
Mixed
Signal
Strong local aftersales footprint; no passenger plug-in volume or HV-capability claim [toyota].
Ford / Interauto
Model
Conventional commercial/passenger ecosystem
Powertrain
Mixed
Signal
National repair network; no local EV volume proof [ford].
Chery / Autogest
Model
Passenger/SUV ecosystem
Powertrain
Mixed
Signal
Maputo dealer presence; no audited EV sales [chery].
CRRC
Model
18m articulated bus
Powertrain
BEV bus
Signal
One vehicle unveiled; service status unverified [metrobus].

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Independent and OEM competitors

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Independent and OEM competitors

CFAO Mobility / Toyota Mozambique
Type
OEM-backed sales and aftersales
Footprint
Maputo/Matola plus national authorised network
Threat
High for warranty, parts and general repair
Response
Supported-VIN out-of-warranty/referral positioning [toyota].
Interauto / Ford network
Type
OEM-backed dealer and regional repairers
Footprint
Maputo, Beira, Nampula, Tete, Chimoio and others
Threat
High for conventional fleet relationships
Response
Partner/referral before direct competition [ford].
3 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Priority cities and regions

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Priority cities and regions

1
Region
Greater Maputo–Matola
Rationale
Dominant all-powertrain parc, import/corporate density, only evidenced e-bus/charging activity and official registration routes [ine_parc] [metrobus].
Mode
Only fixed partner-clinic candidate.
4 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Consumer incentives and policy

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Consumer incentives and policy

Customs duty for solely electric vehicles
Status
Secondary sources report final reduction from 20% to zero in December 2025
Action
Obtain current gazetted tariff line, definition, effective date, VIN eligibility and customs ruling [duty_zero] [duty_zero_corrob].
Specific Consumption Tax proposal
Status
Draft/proposal reported for EVs and hybrids
Action
Do not model until final law and schedule confirmed [excise_proposal].
2 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Business, tax and investment incentives

Reported EV duty relief and investment incentives require written current classification/approval; economics assumes no benefit.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Business, tax and investment incentives

Standard VAT
Rate
16%
Treatment
Current professional/official reform sources; confirm registration and recoverability [pae_vat] [pwc_vat].
Standard corporate income tax
Rate
32%
Treatment
Pre-tax model; confirm entity/activity treatment [pwc_cit].
4 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Labour, licensing and workshop regulation

Every material authorisation is a launch gate; this is not legal, tax, engineering or insurance advice.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Labour, licensing and workshop regulation

Entity, tax and social security
Authority
Commercial registry / AT / INSS
Evidence
Entity, NUIT, tax registration, employer/worker files [labour] [apiex].
Workshop activity and premises use
Authority
Municipality / economic-activity authority / INATRO boundary
Evidence
Written business, zoning/occupancy, signage and automotive-workshop route before fit-out [inatro_law].
8 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

High-voltage controls

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

High-voltage controls

VIN/powertrain whitelist
Evidence
Classify BEV, PHEV, HEV, MHEV, motorcycles, buses and conversions before booking.
Named task authorisation
Evidence
Competence assessment, task scope, expiry, supervision and local written acceptance [labour] [ilo_osh].
Safe de-energisation
Evidence
OEM method, lock/tag, proved tester and absence-of-voltage record [iso_6469].
Controlled zone
Evidence
Barriers, insulated PPE/tools, rescue equipment, dry conditions and no lone HV work [ilo_osh].
Charging interface
Evidence
Approved electrician; IEC 61851/ISO 17409 as benchmarks only [iec_61851] [iso_17409].
Release evidence
Evidence
Pre/post scan, restoration, torque/QC, limitations and customer sign-off.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Battery and waste controls

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Battery and waste controls

Intact in-vehicle traction pack
Rule
Non-invasive diagnostics only
Route
No opening, removal or routine storage.
Suspect/damaged EV arrival
Rule
Refuse routine indoor custody
Route
Emergency/OEM/insurer/MAAP plan.
3 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Operating model

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Operating model

Format
Recommendation
Scheduled clinic days inside one compliant Greater Maputo–Matola partner workshop.
Ownership
Recommendation
Mozambican legal entity or managed JV with accountable local operator.
Territory
Recommendation
No franchise sale or exclusivity before 12 months paid evidence.
Staffing
Recommendation
One assessed HV lead plus one technician; shared reception and approved electrician/waste partners.
Technology
Recommendation
Supported VIN/task matrix, lawful service information and evidence-grade job files.
Commercial
Recommendation
MZN menu pricing, deposits and paid fleet trials; no free-diagnostic demand proxy.
Expansion
Recommendation
Beira collection/fleet day only after Maputo continuation gate.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Franchise pathway

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Franchise pathway

0–90 days
Structure
EVS-managed partner clinic
Capital
Reversible tools only
Royalty
None
Gate
All compliance, demand and safety gates.
3–12 months
Structure
Managed local affiliate/JV
Capital
Evidence-led
Royalty
After economics
Gate
12 months paid data and audit.
After 12 months
Structure
Possible franchise prototype
Capital
Capped per validated density
Royalty
Only with parts/software/training SLA
Gate
No territory sale before replicated profitability.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Pilot steady-state economics

All volumes, prices, margins, costs and capex are EVS assumptions in nominal MZN, VAT-exclusive and pre-tax.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Pilot steady-state economics

Cautious
Jobs
45
Aro Mzn
10,000
Gross Margin Pct
55
Opex Mzn
360,000
Revenue Mzn
450,000
Gross Profit Mzn
247,500
Ebitda Mzn
-112,500
Payback Years
—
2 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

90-day pilot economics

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

90-day pilot economics

Cautious
Jobs 90d
11
Aro Mzn
10,000
Gross Margin Pct
55
Opex Mzn
90,000
Revenue Mzn
110,000
Gross Profit Mzn
60,500
Ebitda Mzn
-29,500
2 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Risks and mitigations

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Risks and mitigations

Passenger active-stock denominator unavailable
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Matched INATRO/Customs/dealer extract; TAM stays null.
Policy target mistaken for current stock
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Keep 1%/5%/10%/25%/50% as future ETE targets [ete].
One bus/announced fleets mixed into passenger TAM
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Separate captive bus deployment and service-status audit.
Motorcycle swap assets mixed into passenger charging
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Separate workstream and economics [eep].
No public connector census
Likelihood
High
Impact
Medium
Mitigation
Field audit by site, connector, kW, access, tariff and uptime.
Grid capacity/outages at partner bay
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
EDM load study, outage log, earthing/protection and controlled charging.
OEM software/warranty/parts access
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Supported VIN/task matrix, referrals and parts SLA.
Battery fire/electric shock
Likelihood
Low
Impact
Critical
Mitigation
No pack work; isolation SOP, rescue gear and drills.
No approved traction-battery recipient
Likelihood
High
Impact
Critical
Mitigation
No custody before written classification and acceptance [haz_waste].
Tax/customs classification changes
Likelihood
Medium
Impact
High
Mitigation
Written current ruling; zero incentive in economics.
Paid demand below threshold
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Deposits, paid fleet trial and day-90 stop.
FX shortages and imported-parts delays
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Low inventory, deposits and no fixed SLA without stock [imf_june].
Northern security/logistics disruption
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Maputo-only pilot; no Pemba capex [worldbank_overview].
Climate/flood disruption
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Premises flood screening, continuity and charging shutdown plan [imf_june].

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

90-day entry plan

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

90-day entry plan

0–15
Objective
Registry and legal gate
Actions
Obtain matched INATRO/Customs/dealer extract by VIN, propulsion, class, age, owner type, city and active status; map entity, workshop, environment, fire, electricity, waste, data and insurance.
Owner
EVS board / Mozambique counsel
Deliverable
Definition and compliance file.
4 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Explicit go / no-go gates

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Explicit go / no-go gates

Market denominator
Go
Matched extract proves at least 500 registered active passenger/light-commercial BEV/PHEVs in Greater Maputo–Matola, separately identified
No Go
Classes/status/cities cannot be separated or count below 500.
5 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Methodology

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Greater Maputo–Matola partner-clinic EBITDA

MZN; EVS steady-state assumptions.

Cautious-112k
Base210k
HighBase case540k

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Methodology

1. Evidence hierarchy
Method
Primary Mozambican authorities/operators and multilaterals first; relays and company announcements explicitly labelled.
2. Definition control
Method
Separate active passenger BEV/PHEV, all-powertrain parc, policy targets, bus announcements, two/three-wheel projects, swap stations and passenger EVSE.
3. Market denominator
Method
Leave current national passenger TAM null until matched active-registration extract.
4. Forecasts
Method
Apply 0.25%/0.5%/1.0% scenario shares to the 2024 all-powertrain light parc. High case equals the ETE private-transport target but remains an EVS proxy.
5. Gate SAM
Method
500 Greater Maputo–Matola plug-ins × 90% active × 60% reach × 1.20 events.
6. SOM
Method
Zero before hard gates.
7. Economics
Method
Nominal MZN, VAT-exclusive/pre-tax EVS assumptions; annual volumes remain within gate SAM.
8. Regulation
Method
No incentive, permit, technician credential or standard assumed without written current confirmation.
9. Validation
Method
JSON, schema, formulas, citations, links, branding, definition control and template residue.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Evidence gaps

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Evidence gaps

Active passenger/light-commercial BEV and PHEV count
Needed
Matched INATRO/Customs/dealer extract by VIN, propulsion, class, age, city and active status
Decision Effect
Blocks TAM, standalone site and franchise.
BEV/PHEV/HEV/MHEV split and models
Needed
VIN/homologation classification and annual registration history
Decision Effect
Blocks brand/model/service mix.
Public charging census
Needed
Site, connector, standard, kW, access, tariff, uptime and commissioning record
Decision Effect
Blocks network-service claim.
Bus delivery/service status
Needed
Registrations, in-service buses, depot, charger count and OEM maintenance contract
Decision Effect
Prevents announced fleet inflation.
EV workshop/HV competence route
Needed
Written Labour/INATRO/INNOQ/insurer requirements and adopted editions
Decision Effect
Blocks repair launch.
Traction-battery waste route
Needed
Written classification, storage, carrier and recipient approvals
Decision Effect
Holds pack work.
Paid fleet demand
Needed
Supported VIN list, utilisation, charging pattern, warranty and paid trial
Decision Effect
Blocks commercial continuation.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

Complete linked source register

Every material quantitative claim is linked or explicitly labelled as an EVS assumption.

Complete linked source register

ete
Publisher
Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy (MIREME)
Publication Date
2023-12-29
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official strategy: EV transition begins in 2030; 1% of private road transport and 5% of road freight to grid-powered EVs, rising to 10% and 25% in 2040 and 50% each in 2050. Charging rollout is to begin gradually before 2030.
Href
https://mireme.gov.mz/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/RESOLUCAO_61-2023_ESTRATEGIA_TRANSICAO_ENERGETICA1.pdf
ine_parc
Publisher
360 Mozambique / Lusa
Publication Date
2026-02-18
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Secondary relay of INE: 1.32m total vehicles in 2024, including 897,273 light vehicles, 267,792 heavy vehicles, 16,158 tractors and 100,695 motorcycles; no propulsion split.
Href
https://360mozambique.com/business/ine-vehicle-fleet-grew-4-2-in-2024-surpassing-1-3-million-vehicles/
lusa_imports
Publisher
Lusa / Aman Alliance
Publication Date
2026-03-18
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official-data relay: vehicle imports US$259.5m in Jan–Sep 2025; 2024 parc 1.32m. Import value is flow, not EV stock.
Href
https://www.aman-alliance.org/Home/ContentDetail/101317
maputo_2023
Publisher
INE Maputo City / INATRO
Publication Date
2024-01-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Mirror of official tables: Maputo City parc 546,526 in 2023 and 22,018 vehicles newly registered; no propulsion split. Use only as secondary mirror.
Href
https://pt.scribd.com/document/833328170/Publicacao-de-Acidentes-de-Viacao-2023
imf_2026
Publisher
International Monetary Fund
Publication Date
2026-02-17
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Primary macro evidence: real GDP growth 2.1% in 2024 and 0.5% in 2025; end-period inflation 3.2% in 2025; FX and debt constraints.
Href
https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/02/14/pr-26052-mozambique-imf-executive-board-concludes-2025-article-iv-consultation-with-mozambique
imf_june
Publisher
International Monetary Fund
Publication Date
2026-06-12
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Primary current risk update: weak growth, FX shortages, fiscal/debt vulnerabilities and climate/fuel-price risks.
Href
https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/06/12/pr26199-mozambique-imf-staff-concludes-visit
worldbank_overview
Publisher
World Bank
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Primary current macro and security context; World Bank estimates 2025 contraction and highlights northern security and climate risks.
Href
https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/country/mozambique
worldbank_energy
Publisher
World Bank
Publication Date
2025-03-21
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Primary project evidence: electricity access rose from 31% in 2018 to 60% in 2024 according to EDM; not an EV-charging coverage statistic.
Href
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/03/21/mozambique-afe-new-energy-project-to-bring-electricity-access-to-nearly-one-million-people
eep
Publisher
EEP Africa
Publication Date
2025-04-25
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Funder-confirmed active pilot through October 2026: targets 59 electric motorbikes, 20 scooters, 30 three-wheelers and five swap stations. Targets are not deployed passenger-car stock.
Href
https://eepafrica.org/portfolio/81169/electricity-mobility-mozambique
scf
Publisher
Subnational Climate Fund
Publication Date
2026-05-25
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Project evidence for rural three-wheel EVs and solar/battery swapping; no passenger-car stock count.
Href
https://www.subnational.finance/advancing-rural-electric-mobility-for-smallholder-agriculture-in-mozambique/
metrobus
Publisher
Africa Press
Publication Date
2025-09-08
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Secondary relay of operator announcement: one 18m CRRC bus unveiled, with 10 additional buses planned. Charger ratings were published using erroneous kW/h notation; commissioning count and service status are unverified.
Href
https://www.africa-press.net/mozambique/all-news/metrobus-launches-mozambiques-first-electric-bus-fleet
metrobus_club
Publisher
Club of Mozambique
Publication Date
2025-09-03
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Secondary corroboration of the same operator announcement; not independent deployment evidence.
Href
https://clubofmozambique.com/news/metrobus-powers-the-future-of-mobility-mozambiques-first-electric-bus-fleet-and-charging-network/
bus_plan_2024
Publisher
Africa Press
Publication Date
2024-06-25
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Historical company/IFC plan for 300 buses. Later evidence shows only one bus unveiled in 2025; planned quantities are not counted.
Href
https://www.africa-press.net/mozambique/all-news/electric-buses-maputo-set-to-see-its-first-10-in-october
bus_procurement
Publisher
Further Africa
Publication Date
2025-03-06
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Secondary procurement breakdown shows 150 CNG, 100 diesel medium, 100 rural mixed-use and 40 institutional buses; no electric buses. Prevents green-mobility misclassification.
Href
https://furtherafrica.com/2025/03/06/mozambique-adds-390-buses-to-public-transport-fleet-pushing-for-greener-mobility/
duty_zero
Publisher
360 Mozambique
Publication Date
2025-12-16
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Secondary relay of final parliamentary approval: customs duty for vehicles powered solely by electricity reduced from 20% to zero. Obtain current tariff-code ruling.
Href
https://360mozambique.com/business/20-import-duty-on-electric-vehicles-removed/
duty_zero_corrob
Publisher
Africa Press
Publication Date
2025-12-16
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Secondary corroboration of duty exemption for solely electric vehicles; not evidence of VAT or hybrid treatment.
Href
https://www.africa-press.net/mozambique/all-news/mozambique-exempts-electric-vehicle-imports-from-duties
excise_proposal
Publisher
360 Mozambique
Publication Date
2025-11-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Reports a draft specific-consumption-tax measure including electric/hybrid vehicles. Treat as proposal unless final gazette and tariff schedule are obtained.
Href
https://360mozambique.com/development/sustainability/executive-proposes-tax-cuts-for-electric-vehicles-starting-in-2026/
pae_measures
Publisher
Ministry of Economy and Finance
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official reform register: VAT reduction, selected electrification exemptions and urban-transport tax measure; eligibility is activity-specific.
Href
https://pae.gov.mz/language/en/measures/
pae_vat
Publisher
Ministry of Economy and Finance
Publication Date
2022-12-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official reform communication: standard VAT reduced from 17% to 16%; urban-transport IRPC reduction is not automatically applicable to an EV workshop.
Href
https://pae.gov.mz/language/en/mozambique-reduces-vat-and-exempt-agriculture-and-electrification/
pwc_cit
Publisher
PwC
Publication Date
2026-03-04
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Professional current summary: standard resident corporate income tax 32%. Obtain Mozambican tax advice.
Href
https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/mozambique/corporate/taxes-on-corporate-income
pwc_vat
Publisher
PwC
Publication Date
2026-03-04
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Professional current summary: standard VAT 16%; treatment depends on registration and supplies.
Href
https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/mozambique/corporate/other-taxes
kpmg_2026
Publisher
KPMG
Publication Date
2026-01-07
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Professional summary of laws published 29 December 2025 and effective 1 January 2026; current advice required.
Href
https://kpmg.com/us/en/taxnewsflash/news/2026/01/tnf-mozambique-amendments-to-vat-corporate-and-individual-income-tax-excise-tax-and-customs-laws.html
investment_law
Publisher
ABCC
Publication Date
2023-07-19
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Law-firm summary: new investment law effective September 2023 and potentially eligible guarantees/incentives; approval is not automatic.
Href
https://www.abcc.co.mz/en/highlights/Investment-Law/328/
investment_plmj
Publisher
PLMJ
Publication Date
2023-07-18
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Independent legal summary of Law 8/2023; confirm regulations and eligibility with APIEX/local counsel.
Href
https://www.plmj.com/pt/conhecimento/notas-informativas/Mocambique-Nova-Lei-de-Investimento-Privado/32782/
apiex
Publisher
APIEX
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official investment-promotion route; obtain project-specific approval and incentive certificate.
Href
https://apiex.gov.mz/
inatro_vehicles
Publisher
INATRO
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official registration route requiring customs-clearance and inspection documents.
Href
https://www.inatro.gov.mz/?page_id=1102
inatro_law
Publisher
INATRO
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official repository for Road Code, technical inspection, automotive transport and dangerous-goods instruments.
Href
https://www.inatro.gov.mz/?page_id=701
inatro_offices
Publisher
INATRO
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official delegation network; relevant to Maputo/Matola, Beira, Nampula, Tete and other provincial workflows.
Href
https://www.inatro.gov.mz/?page_id=972
labour
Publisher
National Social Security Institute (INSS)
Publication Date
2023-08-25
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official download of current Labour Law; effective February 2024. Obtain employer, OSH and foreign-worker advice.
Href
https://www.inss.gov.mz/sdm_downloads/20320/
eia
Publisher
Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment
Publication Date
2025-01-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Authoritative legal overview: Decree 54/2015 screening and A+/A/B/C categories; all potentially impactful activities require screening.
Href
https://www.eia.nl/en/countries/mozambique/legislation-at-project-level/
environment_law
Publisher
GEF Mozambique / SIBMOZ
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Government-linked legal repository for Environmental Law 20/1997 and EIA Decree 54/2015.
Href
https://sibmoz.gov.mz/legal-framework/
haz_waste
Publisher
Imprensa Nacional de Moçambique
Publication Date
2014-12-31
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official gazette index for hazardous-waste management regulation and annexes.
Href
https://www.inm.gov.mz/pt-br/content/conselho-de-ministros-suplemento-n%C2%BA-11-de-311214-pag-1940-43-76-br-n%C2%BA-105-boletim-da
intertek_psi
Publisher
Intertek
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Government-contracted inspection information: all imported used vehicles require origin PSI under Ministerial Diploma 244/2011; uninspected arrivals face destination inspection and penalty.
Href
https://www.intertek.com.co/gobierno-comercio-exterior/programa-evaluacion-conformidad/inspeccion-pre-embarque-para-la-exportacion-a-mozambique/
intertek_coc
Publisher
Intertek
Publication Date
2025-07-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Conformity-assessment programme requires CoC for regulated products from 27 June 2025; verify EV/parts/EVSE scope with INNOQ and Customs.
Href
https://www.intertek.com/news/2025/intertek-ready-to-support-with-mozambiques-mandatory-import-requirements/
arene
Publisher
Energy Regulatory Authority (ARENE)
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official energy-regulator route. Published tariff table may be stale; obtain premises-specific current tariff, load and connection quote.
Href
https://arene.org.mz/
edm
Publisher
EDM
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Distribution utility route for service capacity, earthing, protection, metering, tariff and outages.
Href
https://www.edm.co.mz/
data_policy
Publisher
UN Economic Commission for Africa
Publication Date
2025-12-05
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Authoritative policy-development evidence; policy validation is not a comprehensive enacted data-protection law.
Href
https://uneca.org/stories/mozambique-validates-landmark-data-governance-policy
data_bill
Publisher
Afriwise
Publication Date
2025-05-15
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Legal-intelligence summary: no dedicated comprehensive law at publication; bill was draft. Constitution, Labour Law, Penal Code and Electronic Transactions Law still apply.
Href
https://www.afriwise.com/blog/mozambique-releases-draft-personal-data-protection-law
toyota
Publisher
Toyota Mozambique / CFAO
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official OEM-backed dealership and aftersales footprint; no EV registration or HV-capability claim.
Href
https://www.toyota.co.mz/pt/concessao/toyota-mocambique/cfao-motors-mozambique-maputo
ford
Publisher
Ford Mozambique
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official dealer/repair network in Maputo, Nampula, Beira, Tete, Chimoio and other cities; no passenger-EV capability claim.
Href
https://ford.co.mz/locate-a-dealer/
chery
Publisher
Chery Mozambique
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Official Maputo dealer context; no audited EV sales or service capability.
Href
https://chery.co.mz/en/locate-a-dealer/
insurer_workshops
Publisher
Global Alliance Seguros
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Insurer-published Maputo/Matola workshop list; useful partner long-list, not an EV/HV audit.
Href
https://www.ga.co.mz/sinistros/sinistro-automovel/oficinas/
shell_workshops
Publisher
Shell Mozambique
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Operator workshop network context; conventional service list, not EV capability.
Href
https://www.shell.co.mz/en_mz/motorists/oil-change-center.html
vims
Publisher
World Bank
Publication Date
2025-01-30
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Explains active-status and data-quality controls needed before treating registration records as stock; not Mozambique market data.
Href
https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/transport/vehicle-information-management-systems
iso_6469
Publisher
ISO
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
International HV safety benchmark; confirm adopted edition/status with INNOQ and insurer.
Href
https://www.iso.org/standard/45477.html
iso_17409
Publisher
ISO
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
International conductive-charging benchmark; local electrical approvals control.
Href
https://www.iso.org/standard/68474.html
iec_61851
Publisher
IEC
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
International EVSE benchmark; not proof of Mozambican adoption.
Href
https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644
un_tests
Publisher
UNECE
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
UN 38.3 lithium-battery transport testing context; national, carrier and recipient permissions still apply.
Href
https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/rev8-files
basel
Publisher
Basel Convention Secretariat
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Transboundary hazardous-waste controls; verify competent authority, classification and prior consent for traction batteries.
Href
https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/tabid/1271/Default.aspx
ilo_osh
Publisher
International Labour Organization
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
International OSH-management benchmark; national labour/inspectorate requirements control.
Href
https://www.ilo.org/resource/other/guidelines-occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-ilo-osh-2001
mixed_sources
Publisher
EVS Worldwide
Publication Date
2026-08-11
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Rows retain individual bracketed source identifiers.
Href
EVS://Mozambique/mixed-source-evidence
evs_model
Publisher
EVS Worldwide
Publication Date
2026-08-11
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Scope
Internal planning assumptions and calculations; not sourced market facts.
Href
EVS://Mozambique/market-entry-model

Source: Mozambique mixed-source evidence tables

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Validation register

Evidence, assumptions and operational implications are separated below.

Validation register

JSON / UTF-8
Status
Pass
Detail
Generated and reparsed.
Schema
Status
Pass
Detail
Required blocks, datasets, calculations and source registry present.
Calculations
Status
Pass
Detail
Policy-share sensitivities, gate SAM and annual/90-day economics recomputed.
Definition control
Status
Pass
Detail
Active plug-ins, all-powertrain parc, future targets, buses, motorcycles, swap stations and passenger EVSE remain separate.
Branding
Status
Pass
Detail
EVS Green #5BCC12, Silver #A7B3BB, black/charcoal, white/light grey and Inter; no blue.
Decision
Status
Pass
Detail
Current national TAM null, executable SOM zero and hard gates explicit.

Source: EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

EVS Board Position

CONDITIONAL GO for evidence-gated diligence and scheduled Greater Maputo–Matola partner-clinic days; NO-GO standalone/franchise; HOLD traction-pack work.

Source register

52 primary and derived sources

Show
  1. 01Resolution 61/2023 — Just Energy Transition Strategy
  2. 02INE: Vehicle Fleet Grew 4.2% in 2024, Surpassing 1.3 Million Vehicles
  3. 03Mozambique: Vehicle imports worth US$1m per day by end-Q3 2025
  4. 04Maputo road-accident and vehicle statistics 2023
  5. 05IMF Executive Board Concludes 2025 Article IV Consultation with Mozambique
  6. 06IMF Staff Concludes Visit to Mozambique
  7. 07Mozambique Overview
  8. 08New Energy Project to Bring Electricity Access to Nearly One Million People
  9. 09Epsilon Mobilidade — Electric Mobility Mozambique
  10. 10Advancing Rural Electric Mobility for Smallholder Agriculture
  11. 11MetroBus Launches Mozambique’s First Electric Bus Fleet
  12. 12MetroBus powers the future of mobility
  13. 13Electric buses: Maputo set to see its first 10 in October
  14. 14Mozambique adds 390 buses to public transport fleet
  15. 1520% Import Duty on Electric Vehicles Removed
  16. 16Mozambique exempts electric vehicle imports from duties
  17. 17Executive proposes tax cuts for electric vehicles starting in 2026
  18. 18Economic Acceleration Package — Measures
  19. 19Mozambique reduces VAT and exempts agriculture and electrification
  20. 20Mozambique — Taxes on corporate income
  21. 21Mozambique — Other taxes
  22. 22Mozambique: 2026 tax-law amendments
  23. 23Mozambique Investment Law — Law 8/2023
  24. 24Mozambique New Private Investment Law
  25. 25APIEX Investment and Export Promotion Agency
  26. 26Vehicle registration requirements
  27. 27Road-transport legislation repository
  28. 28Provincial delegations
  29. 29Labour Law No. 13/2023
  30. 30Mozambique environmental-assessment framework
  31. 31Mozambique environmental legal framework
  32. 32Decree 83/2014 — Hazardous Waste Management Regulation
  33. 33Pre-shipment inspection for exports to Mozambique
  34. 34Intertek ready to support Mozambique mandatory import requirements
  35. 35ARENE energy tariffs and regulation
  36. 36Electricidade de Moçambique
  37. 37Mozambique validates National Data Governance Policy
  38. 38Mozambique releases draft personal-data-protection law
  39. 39CFAO Mobility Mozambique — Maputo
  40. 40Ford Mozambique dealer network
  41. 41Chery Mozambique dealer location
  42. 42Approved automotive workshops
  43. 43Oil Change Center workshop list
  44. 44Why Vehicle Information Management Systems Are Crucial
  45. 45ISO 6469 electrified road-vehicle safety
  46. 46ISO 17409 conductive power transfer
  47. 47IEC 61851-1 conductive charging system
  48. 48UN Manual of Tests and Criteria
  49. 49Basel Convention overview
  50. 50ILO-OSH 2001 guidelines
  51. 51Mozambique mixed-source evidence tables
  52. 52EVS Mozambique decision-gate and pilot model

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