Market intelligence/United States/Report available
Montana.
EVS Montana EV Service Centre Market Entry
Decision-grade Montana EV service-centre market-entry artifact with sourced facts, explicit assumptions, hard gates and full audit.
2025 plug-in stock
11,100
DOE/Experian approximate 2025 Montana light-duty plug-in registration benchmark, rounded to nearest 100: 11,100.
2024 plug-in share
417.4%
Exact-component 2024 Montana plug-in share of new light-duty sales.
Public ports
471
Current Montana public charging ports at access-date snapshot.
Base payback
—
Base simple payback is not calculable because base EBITDA is negative.
01/The verdict in full
Executive summary
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
02
Headline market indicators
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Headline market indicators
2025 rounded light-duty plug-in registrations
- Value
- 11,100
- Unit
- vehicles
- Source
- [mt_current_stock]
2024 exact plug-in stock
- Value
- 14,638
- Unit
- vehicles
- Source
- [alliance_mt]
2024 plug-in share of new light-duty sales
- Value
- 4.174
- Unit
- percent
- Source
- [alliance_mt]
Current public charging ports
- Value
- 471
- Unit
- ports
- Source
- [afdc_stations]
2024 average vehicle age
- Value
- 17.6
- Unit
- years
- Source
- [alliance_mt]
03
BEV/PHEV stock history
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
BEV/PHEV stock history
2024-12-31 exact
- Bev
- 10,125
- Phev
- 4,513
- Plug In Total
- 14,638
- Scope
- Registered light-duty vehicles; exact Alliance/S&P snapshot
- Source
- [alliance_mt]
2025 rounded
- Bev
- 6,900
- Phev
- 4,200
- Plug In Total
- 11,100
- Scope
- Light-duty registrations rounded to nearest 100; DOE/Experian
- Source
- [mt_current_stock]
Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_registered_stock
04
Sales and adoption history
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Sales and adoption history
2024 stock exact
- Registered Plugin Stock
- 14,638
- Annual Additions
- —
- New Sales Share Pct
- —
- Source
- [alliance_mt]
2024 sales exact
- Registered Plugin Stock
- —
- Annual Additions
- 2,469
- New Sales Share Pct
- 4.174
- Source
- [alliance_mt]
2025 stock rounded
- Registered Plugin Stock
- 11,100
- Annual Additions
- —
- New Sales Share Pct
- —
- Source
- [mt_current_stock]
2024 District 1
- Registered Plugin Stock
- 6,619
- Annual Additions
- 1,862
- New Sales Share Pct
- —
- Source
- [alliance_mt_d1]
2024 District 2
- Registered Plugin Stock
- 8,019
- Annual Additions
- 607
- New Sales Share Pct
- —
- Source
- [alliance_mt_d2]
Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_adoption_history
05
Powertrain mix
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Powertrain mix
BEV
- Vehicles
- 6,900
- Share Of 2025 Plugins Pct
- 62.162
- Source
- [mt_current_stock]
- Share Of 2024 Fleet Pct
- —
PHEV
- Vehicles
- 4,200
- Share Of 2025 Plugins Pct
- 37.838
- Source
- [mt_current_stock]
- Share Of 2024 Fleet Pct
- —
HEV (not plug-in)
- Vehicles
- 39,200
- Share Of 2025 Plugins Pct
- —
- Source
- [mt_current_stock]
- Share Of 2024 Fleet Pct
- —
ICE/hybrid combined
- Vehicles
- 1,751,934
- Share Of 2025 Plugins Pct
- —
- Source
- [alliance_mt]
- Share Of 2024 Fleet Pct
- 99.171
Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_stock_powertrain
06
Definition reconciliation
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Definition reconciliation
Planning TAM
- Value
- 11,100
- Definition
- DOE/Experian 2025 rounded light-duty BEV+PHEV
- Control
- Use only for planning funnel; rounding ±100 per powertrain.
Exact benchmark
- Value
- 14,638
- Definition
- Alliance/S&P registered light-duty BEV+PHEV at 31 Dec 2024
- Control
- Use for exact shares and district controls.
Cross-provider/year difference
- Value
- -3,538
- Definition
- 11,100 minus 14,638
- Control
- Not a decline statistic; providers, dates, scope handling and rounding differ.
District stock sum
- Value
- 14,638
- Definition
- Two exact district components
- Control
- Matches statewide exact control.
District charging sums
- Value
- 158
- Definition
- Two district components
- Control
- Ports and stations match statewide dated controls.
Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_definition_reconciliation
07
2030 EV scenarios
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
2030 EV scenarios
Cautious
- Base Year
- 2,025
- Base Stock
- 11,100
- Annual Growth Pct
- 5
- Modelled 2030 Evs
- 14,167
- Status
- EVS sensitivity, not an official forecast
- Source
- [evs_model]
Base
- Base Year
- 2,025
- Base Stock
- 11,100
- Annual Growth Pct
- 10
- Modelled 2030 Evs
- 17,877
- Status
- EVS sensitivity, not an official forecast
- Source
- [evs_model]
High
- Base Year
- 2,025
- Base Stock
- 11,100
- Annual Growth Pct
- 15
- Modelled 2030 Evs
- 22,326
- Status
- EVS sensitivity, not an official forecast
- Source
- [evs_model]
08
Charging infrastructure
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Charging infrastructure
2025-01-01
- Level2 Ports
- 202
- Dc Fast Ports
- 234
- Total Public Ports
- 436
- Stations
- 158
- Source
- [alliance_mt]
- Public Ports
- 436
- Private Ports
- —
- Total Ports
- 436
2026-08-13 access snapshot
- Level2 Ports
- 219
- Dc Fast Ports
- 252
- Total Public Ports
- 471
- Stations
- 155
- Source
- [afdc_stations]
- Public Ports
- 471
- Private Ports
- —
- Total Ports
- 471
2026 state-page context
- Level2 Ports
- —
- Dc Fast Ports
- —
- Total Public Ports
- 476
- Stations
- —
- Source
- [afdc_mt]
- Public Ports
- 476
- Private Ports
- 5
- Total Ports
- 481
Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_charging_history
09
Charging diligence
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Charging diligence
Definitions
- Requirement
- Keep ports, locations, public/private status and dates separate.
- Status
- Closed in artifact
Live uptime
- Requirement
- Obtain 90-day uptime and failed-session data for candidate corridors.
- Status
- Open gate
Vehicle capture
- Requirement
- Never translate charging ports into workshop demand.
- Status
- Closed
Incentive separation
- Requirement
- Do not model utility EV/charger rebates or NEVI support as workshop capex.
- Status
- Closed
Utility capacity
- Requirement
- Written service-availability, tariff and upgrade quote for exact parcel.
- Status
- Open gate
Climate resilience
- Requirement
- Document extreme-cold, snow-load, wildfire-smoke, flood and backup-power controls.
- Status
- Open gate
Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_charger_reliability
10
Vehicle parc age and service demand
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Vehicle parc age and service demand
Montana average vehicle age
- Value
- 17.6
- Unit
- years
- Implication
- Mature general repair demand, but not proof of mature EV demand.
U.S. average vehicle age
- Value
- 12.2
- Unit
- years
- Implication
- Montana is 5.4 years above the published national benchmark.
District 1 average age
- Value
- 17.7
- Unit
- years
- Implication
- Political-district proxy only.
District 2 average age
- Value
- 17.5
- Unit
- years
- Implication
- Political-district proxy only.
Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_parc_age_service
11
TAM / SAM / SOM controls
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
TAM / SAM / SOM controls
TAM
- Value
- 11,100
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- Sourced [mt_current_stock]
- Basis
- 2025 rounded BEV+PHEV registrations
Annual service window
- Value
- 3,330
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- EVS assumption
- Basis
- TAM × 30%
Independent-service pool
- Value
- 833
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- EVS assumption
- Basis
- Service window × 25%
3 more rows in the full report
12
Customer segments
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Customer segments
Out-of-warranty BEV/PHEV owners
- Priority
- 1
- Need
- Transparent diagnostics, tyres, alignment, thermal and charging faults.
Owners distant from out-of-state OEM service centres
- Priority
- 2
- Need
- Routine and non-warranty work within lawful data/tool access.
Used-EV buyers and sellers
- Priority
- 3
- Need
- Pre-purchase battery/charging inspection with stated limitations.
Intercity and rural owner households
- Priority
- 4
- Need
- Appointment certainty, remote triage and mobility continuity.
Cold-weather / damaged-battery owners
- Priority
- 5
- Need
- Safe low-temperature triage, quarantine and no energisation when compromised.
Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_customer_segments
13
Fleet segments
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Fleet segments
Municipal and utility fleets
- Priority
- 1
- Offer
- Retainer + response SLA
- Evidence
- Open
Last-mile / delivery
- Priority
- 2
- Offer
- Per-vehicle service plan
- Evidence
- Open
Corporate / tourism / outdoor-recreation fleets
- Priority
- 3
- Offer
- Fixed-menu preventive care
- Evidence
- Open
Dealer overflow
- Priority
- 4
- Offer
- White-label capacity
- Evidence
- Open
14
Leading brands and models
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Leading brands and models
Tesla
- Priority
- Validate
- Reason
- Nearest official service benchmarks identified out of state.
- Evidence
- No Montana model-count source found
GM
- Priority
- Validate
- Reason
- Relevant national products.
- Evidence
- No state model counts
Ford
- Priority
- Validate
- Reason
- Potential fleet relevance.
- Evidence
- No state model counts
Nissan / Hyundai / Kia / Toyota
- Priority
- Validate
- Reason
- Service-menu breadth.
- Evidence
- No state model counts
15In the full report
OEM competitors
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
16In the full report
Independent competitors
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
17In the full report
Priority cities and regions
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
18In the full report
Consumer incentives
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
19In the full report
Business and investment incentives
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
20In the full report
Tax snapshot
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
21In the full report
Licensing, consumer and franchise controls
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
22In the full report
Labour and skills
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
23In the full report
High-voltage safety
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
24In the full report
Battery and waste
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
25
Data and consumer controls
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Data and consumer controls
Repair authorization
- Rule
- No threshold claim without counsel confirmation.
- Implication
- Capture estimate, approval, supplements and final invoice.
Telematics and credentials
- Rule
- Use owner consent and lawful OEM/NASTF channels.
- Implication
- No credential sharing or unsupported security-key work.
Battery health statements
- Rule
- Avoid unsupported state-of-health guarantees.
- Implication
- Report method, limitations and confidence.
Franchise sales
- Rule
- FTC disclosure timing plus Montana relationship-law review.
- Implication
- No fees, offers or earnings claims in pilot.
26In the full report
Recommended service portfolio
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
27In the full report
Operating model
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
28In the full report
Franchise model
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
29In the full report
Annual economics
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
30In the full report
90-day pilot economics
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
31In the full report
Risks
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
32
Mitigations
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Mitigations
Demand
- Mitigation
- Recruit 180-owner verified cohort and two paid fleets.
- Owner
- Market lead
- Trigger
- Under 75 paid jobs
Climate
- Mitigation
- Engineer cold-start, snow-load, wildfire, flood, battery-quarantine and continuity controls.
- Owner
- EHS/site lead
- Trigger
- Parcel screening
HV safety
- Mitigation
- Competency matrix, LOTO audit and fire drill.
- Owner
- Technical lead
- Trigger
- Any HV task
Tools/data
- Mitigation
- VIN/platform coverage and lawful access register.
- Owner
- Technical lead
- Trigger
- Unsupported platform
Tax/legal
- Mitigation
- Obtain Montana tax, repair, permitting and franchise memos.
- Owner
- Counsel/finance
- Trigger
- DMS go-live
Economics
- Mitigation
- Keep host-facility structure and $475k capex ceiling.
- Owner
- CFO
- Trigger
- Capex above ceiling
33In the full report
90-day entry plan
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
34In the full report
Explicit go / no-go gates
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
This section is in the full report.
35
Methodology
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Methodology
1
- Method
- Use primary/authoritative sources first.
- Control
- Publication/access dates recorded.
2
- Method
- Separate BEV, PHEV, HEV and ICE definitions.
- Control
- No category conflation.
3
- Method
- Keep exact 2024 and rounded 2025 providers separate.
- Control
- No pseudo-growth rate.
4
- Method
- Use congressional districts only as political proxies.
- Control
- Geocode cohort before location decision.
5
- Method
- Build funnel from explicit EVS assumptions.
- Control
- Verified SAM null; SOM zero.
6
- Method
- Calculate cautious/base/high economics incentive-free.
- Control
- Nominal USD, pre-tax, unlevered.
7
- Method
- Translate regulation into launch evidence.
- Control
- Site/entity/task-specific verification.
8
- Method
- Validate syntax, schema, calculations, citations and links.
- Control
- Completion only after pass.
36
Data gaps
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Data gaps
Verified service demand
- Effect
- Blocks site/franchise
- Closure
- 75 jobs + 180 cohort + 2 fleets
Model/VIN mix
- Effect
- Limits service scope
- Closure
- Coverage matrix
Exact catchment stock
- Effect
- Site risk
- Closure
- Drive-time analysis
Commercial rents/buildout bids
- Effect
- Economics unverified
- Closure
- Signed term sheet
Utility capacity/tariff
- Effect
- Site risk
- Closure
- Capacity/upgrade quote
Fire/weather design
- Effect
- Critical
- Closure
- Approved plan
Technician supply
- Effect
- Launch risk
- Closure
- Accepted lead offer
Tax/legal interpretations
- Effect
- Release blocked
- Closure
- No open red items
37
Complete source register
Reviewed Montana evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.
Complete source register
afdc_mt
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://afdc.energy.gov/states/MT
mt_current_stock
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Energy / Experian
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicle-registration
afdc_stations
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://afdc.energy.gov/stations/states
alliance_mt
- Publisher
- Alliance for Automotive Innovation / S&P Global Mobility
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/mt
alliance_mt_d1
- Publisher
- Alliance for Automotive Innovation / S&P Global Mobility
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/mt/1
alliance_mt_d2
- Publisher
- Alliance for Automotive Innovation / S&P Global Mobility
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/mt/2
mt_ev_fee
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/13251
mt_permanent_fee
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/13252
mt_charging_tax
- Publisher
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/13249
mdt_nevi
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Transportation
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.mdt.mt.gov/publications/plans/ev/
mt_sales_tax
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Revenue
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://revenue.mt.gov/taxes/general-sales-tax
mt_resort_tax
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Revenue
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://revenue.mt.gov/taxes/miscellaneous/local-resort-tax
mt_sos
- Publisher
- Montana Secretary of State
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://sosmt.gov/business
mt_tax_certificate
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Revenue
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.revenue.mt.gov/taxes/tax-certificates
mt_building_program
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Labor & Industry
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://bsd.dli.mt.gov/Building-Codes-Permits/
mt_current_codes
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Labor & Industry
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://bsd.dli.mt.gov/building-codes-permits/current-codes
mt_electrical_permit
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Labor & Industry
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://bsd.dli.mt.gov/building-codes-permits/permit-applications/electrical-permits/
mt_electrical_contractor
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Labor & Industry
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://boards.bsd.dli.mt.gov/electrical/license-information/electrical-contractor
mt_deq_haz
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Environmental Quality
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://deq.mt.gov/twr/Programs/hazmat
mt_ag_complaint
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Justice
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.dojmt.gov/office-of-consumer-protection/vehicles-and-the-lemon-law/
osha_stateplans
- Publisher
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/
bls_montana
- Publisher
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Publication Date
- 2024-04-03
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_mt.htm
eia_electricity
- Publisher
- U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-10
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/montana/
mt_ssbci
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Commerce
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://commerce.mt.gov/Business/Business-Assistance/Montana-State-Small-Business-Credit-Initiative
aerlp
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Environmental Quality
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://deq.mt.gov/energy/Programs/AERLP
mt_jgtc
- Publisher
- Montana Department of Labor & Industry
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://dli.mt.gov/employer/jgtc
osha_333
- Publisher
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.333
osha_loto
- Publisher
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.147
epa_battery
- Publisher
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.epa.gov/hw/lithium-ion-battery-recycling-frequently-asked-questions
epa_609
- Publisher
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.epa.gov/mvac/section-609-technician-training-and-certification-programs
phmsa
- Publisher
- Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/lithiumbatteries
nhtsa_ev_safety
- Publisher
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle-safety/electric-and-hybrid-vehicles
ase_xev
- Publisher
- National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.ase.com/xev
ftc_franchise
- Publisher
- Federal Trade Commission
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/rules/franchise-rule
nastf
- Publisher
- NASTF
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://wp.nastf.org/
irs_clean_vehicle
- Publisher
- Internal Revenue Service
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/faqs-for-modification-of-sections-25c-25d-25e-30c-30d-45l-45w-and-179d-under-public-law-119-21-139-stat-72-july-4-2025-commonly-known-as-the-one-big-beautiful-bill-obbb
irs_30c
- Publisher
- Internal Revenue Service
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i8911
tesla_liberty_lake
- Publisher
- Tesla
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Href
- https://www.tesla.com/findus/location/service/SpokaneWASupercharger
tesla_meridian
- Publisher
- Tesla
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Href
- https://www.tesla.com/en_MT/findus/location/service/teslaboisemeridian
tesla_salt_lake
- Publisher
- Tesla
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Href
- https://www.tesla.com/en_MT/findus/location/service/south300west
rivian_locator
- Publisher
- Rivian
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Href
- https://rivian.com/experience/service
transolution
- Publisher
- Transolution Auto Care Center
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Href
- https://www.transolution.biz/vehicles/audi/e-tron/
precision_auto
- Publisher
- Precision Auto Works
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Href
- https://precisionauto406.com/services/
adasquare
- Publisher
- ADASquare
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Href
- https://adasq.com/
mt_adas
- Publisher
- Montana ADAS Calibrations
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Href
- https://www.mtadas.com/
fema_flood
- Publisher
- Federal Emergency Management Agency
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.fema.gov/flood-maps/national-flood-hazard-layer
nfpa_ev
- Publisher
- National Fire Protection Association
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Href
- https://www.nfpa.org/education-and-research/emergency-response/alternative-fuel-vehicle-safety-training
mt_franchise_act
- Publisher
- Franchise.Law
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Secondary legal orientation
- Href
- https://franchise.law/montana-state-laws/
evs_logo
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- EVS asset / assumption
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
evs_model
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- EVS asset / assumption
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_stock_card
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_share_card
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_ports_card
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_payback_card
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_stock_chart
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_adoption_chart
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_forecast_chart
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_economics_chart
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_decision_summary
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_headline_kpis
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_registered_stock
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_adoption_history
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_stock_powertrain
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_definition_reconciliation
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_forecast
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_charging_history
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_charger_reliability
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_parc_age_service
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_tam_sam_som
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_customer_segments
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_fleet_segments
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_brands_models
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_oem_competitors
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_independent_competitors
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_regions
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_consumer_incentives
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_business_incentives
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_tax_snapshot
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_entity_licensing
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_labour
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_hv_safety
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_battery_waste
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_data_consumer
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_service_portfolio
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_operating_model
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_franchise_model
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_annual_scenarios
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_pilot_scenarios
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_risks
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_mitigations
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_plan_90_day
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_gates
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_methodology
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_data_gaps
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_source_audit
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-13
- Classification
- Artifact provenance
- Href
- https://evsworldwide.com/
Method / Sources and confidence
Where every figure
comes from.
Registrations, charging and legal requirements are read from primary sources. Where no official dataset exists, the model and its assumptions are published instead of a single unexplained number. This report is a dated snapshot: August 2026.
- 01Montana Transportation Data
- 02Vehicle Registration Counts by State
- 03Alternative Fuel Station Counts by State
- 04Montana Economic Data
- 05Montana District 1 Economic Data
- 06Montana District 2 Economic Data
- 07Montana EV and PHEV Annual Fee
- 08Montana EV and PHEV Permanent Registration Fee
- 09Montana EV Charging Station Requirements
- 10National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Program
- 11Sales Tax Guidance
- 12Local Resort Tax
- 13Business Services
- 14Tax Certificates
- 15Montana Building Codes Program
- 16Current Codes
- 17Electrical Permits
- 18Electrical Contractor Licensing
- 19Hazardous Waste
- 20Vehicles and the Lemon Law
- 21State Plans
- 22Montana May 2023 OEWS
- 23Montana Electricity Profile 2024
- 24Montana State Small Business Credit Initiative
- 25Alternative Energy Revolving Loan Program
- 26Job Growth Incentive Tax Credit
- 27Selection and Use of Work Practices
- 28Control of Hazardous Energy
- 29Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling FAQ
- 30Section 609 Technician Training and Certification
- 31Lithium Batteries
- 32Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- 33xEV Safety Certifications
- 34Franchise Rule
- 35National Automotive Service Task Force
- 36Clean Vehicle Credit FAQs after Public Law 119-21
- 37Instructions for Form 8911
- 38Tesla Service Liberty Lake
- 39Tesla Service Meridian
- 40Tesla Service Salt Lake City
- 41Rivian Service
- 42Audi e-tron Repair
- 43European and Hybrid Services
- 44ADASquare
- 45Montana ADAS Calibrations
- 46National Flood Hazard Layer
- 47Alternative Fuel Vehicle Safety Training
- 48Montana Franchise Law Overview
- 49EVS Worldwide
- 50EVS Assumption Register
- 51EVS artifact provenance—widget_stock_cardReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for headline_stock.
- 52EVS artifact provenance—widget_share_cardReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for headline_share.
- 53EVS artifact provenance—widget_ports_cardReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for headline_ports.
- 54EVS artifact provenance—widget_payback_cardReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for headline_payback.
- 55EVS artifact provenance—widget_stock_chartReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for registered_stock.
- 56EVS artifact provenance—widget_adoption_chartReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for adoption_history.
- 57EVS artifact provenance—widget_forecast_chartReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for forecast.
- 58EVS artifact provenance—widget_economics_chartReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for annual_scenarios.
- 59EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_decision_summaryReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for decision_summary.
- 60EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_headline_kpisReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for headline_kpis.
- 61EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_registered_stockReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for registered_stock.
- 62EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_adoption_historyReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for adoption_history.
- 63EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_stock_powertrainReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for stock_powertrain.
- 64EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_definition_reconciliationReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for definition_reconciliation.
- 65EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_forecastReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for forecast.
- 66EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_charging_historyReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for charging_history.
- 67EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_charger_reliabilityReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for charger_reliability.
- 68EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_parc_age_serviceReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for parc_age_service.
- 69EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_tam_sam_somReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for tam_sam_som.
- 70EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_customer_segmentsReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for customer_segments.
- 71EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_fleet_segmentsReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for fleet_segments.
- 72EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_brands_modelsReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for brands_models.
- 73EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_oem_competitorsReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for oem_competitors.
- 74EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_independent_competitorsReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for independent_competitors.
- 75EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_regionsReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for regions.
- 76EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_consumer_incentivesReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for consumer_incentives.
- 77EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_business_incentivesReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for business_incentives.
- 78EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_tax_snapshotReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for tax_snapshot.
- 79EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_entity_licensingReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for entity_licensing.
- 80EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_labourReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for labour.
- 81EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_hv_safetyReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for hv_safety.
- 82EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_battery_wasteReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for battery_waste.
- 83EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_data_consumerReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for data_consumer.
- 84EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_service_portfolioReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for service_portfolio.
- 85EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_operating_modelReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for operating_model.
- 86EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_franchise_modelReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for franchise_model.
- 87EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_annual_scenariosReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for annual_scenarios.
- 88EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_pilot_scenariosReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for pilot_scenarios.
- 89EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_risksReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for risks.
- 90EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_mitigationsReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for mitigations.
- 91EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_plan_90_dayReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for plan_90_day.
- 92EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_gatesReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for gates.
- 93EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_methodologyReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for methodology.
- 94EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_data_gapsReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for data_gaps.
- 95EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_source_auditReturn bounded reviewed Montana rows for source_audit.
Reports are commercial research, not legal, tax or investment advice.
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