Market intelligence/United States/Report available

Kentucky.

EVS Kentucky EV Service Centre Market Entry

Decision-grade Kentucky EV service-centre market-entry artifact with sourced facts, explicit assumptions, hard gates and full audit.

2025 plug-in stock

29,300

DOE/Experian approximate 2025 Kentucky light-duty BEV+PHEV registration benchmark, rounded to nearest 100: 29,300.

2024 plug-in share

391.5%

Exact-component 2024 Kentucky plug-in share of new light-duty sales.

Public ports

1,201

Current public charging ports at access-date snapshot.

Base payback

20.449

Base simple payback sensitivity; not a forecast.

01/The verdict in full

Executive summary

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Headline market indicators

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Headline market indicators

Metric	Value	Unit	Source
Current rounded light-duty plug-in stock	29,300	BEV+PHEV vehicles	[ky_current_stock]
Exact 2024 plug-in sales share	3.915	percent	[alliance_ky]
AFDC public charging-port access snapshot	1,201	ports	[afdc_ky]
District 3 share of exact statewide plug-ins	27.255	percent	[alliance_ky_d3][alliance_ky]
Base annual EBITDA sensitivity	23,962.5	USD	[evs_model]

Current rounded light-duty plug-in stock

Value: 29,300
Unit: BEV+PHEV vehicles
Source: [ky_current_stock]

Exact 2024 plug-in sales share

Value: 3.915
Unit: percent
Source: [alliance_ky]

AFDC public charging-port access snapshot

Value: 1,201
Unit: ports
Source: [afdc_ky]

District 3 share of exact statewide plug-ins

Value: 27.255
Unit: percent
Source: [alliance_ky_d3][alliance_ky]

Base annual EBITDA sensitivity

Value: 23,962.5
Unit: USD
Source: [evs_model]

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_headline_kpis

BEV/PHEV stock history

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

BEV/PHEV stock history

Period	Bev	Phev	Plug In Total	Scope	Source
31 Dec 2024—Alliance/S&P exact	14,935	6,386	21,321	Exact light-duty powertrain snapshot	[alliance_ky]
2025—DOE rounded current	20,700	8,600	29,300	Approximate light-duty registrations rounded to nearest 100; current TAM anchor	[ky_current_stock]

31 Dec 2024—Alliance/S&P exact

Bev: 14,935
Phev: 6,386
Plug In Total: 21,321
Scope: Exact light-duty powertrain snapshot
Source: [alliance_ky]

2025—DOE rounded current

Bev: 20,700
Phev: 8,600
Plug In Total: 29,300
Scope: Approximate light-duty registrations rounded to nearest 100; current TAM anchor
Source: [ky_current_stock]

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_registered_stock

Sales and adoption history

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Sales and adoption history

Period	Registered Plugin Stock	Annual Additions	New Sales Share Pct	Source
31 Dec 2024 exact stock	21,321	5,462	3.915	Stock and 2024 sales flow [alliance_ky]
2024 District 1 sales flow	1,764	437	2.112	District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d1]
2024 District 2 sales flow	3,289	861	3.966	District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d2]
2024 District 3 sales flow	5,811	1,318	5.799	District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d3]
2024 District 4 sales flow	4,715	1,282	4.574	District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d4]
2024 District 5 sales flow	1,214	339	1.767	District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d5]
2024 District 6 sales flow	4,528	1,224	4.503	District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d6]
2025 rounded DOE stock	29,300	—	—	20,700 BEV + 8,600 PHEV, each rounded [ky_current_stock]

31 Dec 2024 exact stock

Registered Plugin Stock: 21,321
Annual Additions: 5,462
New Sales Share Pct: 3.915
Source: Stock and 2024 sales flow [alliance_ky]

2024 District 1 sales flow

Registered Plugin Stock: 1,764
Annual Additions: 437
New Sales Share Pct: 2.112
Source: District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d1]

2024 District 2 sales flow

Registered Plugin Stock: 3,289
Annual Additions: 861
New Sales Share Pct: 3.966
Source: District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d2]

2024 District 3 sales flow

Registered Plugin Stock: 5,811
Annual Additions: 1,318
New Sales Share Pct: 5.799
Source: District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d3]

2024 District 4 sales flow

Registered Plugin Stock: 4,715
Annual Additions: 1,282
New Sales Share Pct: 4.574
Source: District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d4]

2024 District 5 sales flow

Registered Plugin Stock: 1,214
Annual Additions: 339
New Sales Share Pct: 1.767
Source: District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d5]

2024 District 6 sales flow

Registered Plugin Stock: 4,528
Annual Additions: 1,224
New Sales Share Pct: 4.503
Source: District stock and annual sales are distinct [alliance_ky_d6]

2025 rounded DOE stock

Registered Plugin Stock: 29,300
Annual Additions: —
New Sales Share Pct: —
Source: 20,700 BEV + 8,600 PHEV, each rounded [ky_current_stock]

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_adoption_history

Powertrain mix

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Powertrain mix

Powertrain	Vehicles	Share Of 2025 Plugins Pct	Source	Share Of 2024 Fleet Pct
2024 BEV—exact Alliance/S&P	14,935	70.048	[alliance_ky]	0.369
2024 PHEV—exact Alliance/S&P	6,386	29.952	[alliance_ky]	0.158
2025 BEV—rounded DOE	20,700	70.648	[ky_current_stock]	—
2025 PHEV—rounded DOE	8,600	29.352	[ky_current_stock]	—

2024 BEV—exact Alliance/S&P

Vehicles: 14,935
Share Of 2025 Plugins Pct: 70.048
Source: [alliance_ky]
Share Of 2024 Fleet Pct: 0.369

2024 PHEV—exact Alliance/S&P

Vehicles: 6,386
Share Of 2025 Plugins Pct: 29.952
Source: [alliance_ky]
Share Of 2024 Fleet Pct: 0.158

2025 BEV—rounded DOE

Vehicles: 20,700
Share Of 2025 Plugins Pct: 70.648
Source: [ky_current_stock]
Share Of 2024 Fleet Pct: —

2025 PHEV—rounded DOE

Vehicles: 8,600
Share Of 2025 Plugins Pct: 29.352
Source: [ky_current_stock]
Share Of 2024 Fleet Pct: —

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_stock_powertrain

Definition reconciliation

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Definition reconciliation

Series	Value	Definition	Control
Alliance/S&P 31 Dec 2024	21,321	Exact 14,935 BEV + 6,386 PHEV light-duty registrations.	Exact historical denominator.
DOE/Experian 2025	29,300	Approximate 20,700 BEV + 8,600 PHEV light-duty registrations, rounded to nearest 100.	Current TAM anchor; retain rounding.
2024 plug-in sales	5,462 / 3.914%	4,312 BEV + 1,150 PHEV divided by 139,527 published powertrain components.	Annual sales flow, not stock.
Charging inventories	962 public ports at 1 Jan 2025; 1,201 public + 147 private on access date	Alliance: 653 L2 + 309 DC-fast; AFDC is a volatile access snapshot.	Ports, stations, awards and plans remain separate.
District geography	D1 1,764; D2 3,289; D3 5,811; D4 4,715; D5 1,214; D6 4,528; sum 21,321	District stock sum matches statewide total; district sales sum 5,461 is one below statewide 5,462.	Use statewide sales denominator and disclose allocation mismatch; districts are not drive-time catchments.

Alliance/S&P 31 Dec 2024

Value: 21,321
Definition: Exact 14,935 BEV + 6,386 PHEV light-duty registrations.
Control: Exact historical denominator.

DOE/Experian 2025

Value: 29,300
Definition: Approximate 20,700 BEV + 8,600 PHEV light-duty registrations, rounded to nearest 100.
Control: Current TAM anchor; retain rounding.

2024 plug-in sales

Value: 5,462 / 3.914%
Definition: 4,312 BEV + 1,150 PHEV divided by 139,527 published powertrain components.
Control: Annual sales flow, not stock.

Charging inventories

Value: 962 public ports at 1 Jan 2025; 1,201 public + 147 private on access date
Definition: Alliance: 653 L2 + 309 DC-fast; AFDC is a volatile access snapshot.
Control: Ports, stations, awards and plans remain separate.

District geography

Value: D1 1,764; D2 3,289; D3 5,811; D4 4,715; D5 1,214; D6 4,528; sum 21,321
Definition: District stock sum matches statewide total; district sales sum 5,461 is one below statewide 5,462.
Control: Use statewide sales denominator and disclose allocation mismatch; districts are not drive-time catchments.

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_definition_reconciliation

2030 EV scenarios

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

2030 EV scenarios

Scenario	Base Year	Base Stock	Annual Growth Pct	Modelled 2030 Evs	Status	Source
Cautious	2,025	29,300	5	37,395	EVS SENSITIVITY—NOT OFFICIAL FORECAST	[evs_model]
Base	2,025	29,300	10	47,188	EVS SENSITIVITY—NOT OFFICIAL FORECAST	[evs_model]
High	2,025	29,300	15	58,933	EVS SENSITIVITY—NOT OFFICIAL FORECAST	[evs_model]

Cautious

Base Year: 2,025
Base Stock: 29,300
Annual Growth Pct: 5
Modelled 2030 Evs: 37,395
Status: EVS SENSITIVITY—NOT OFFICIAL FORECAST
Source: [evs_model]

Base

Base Year: 2,025
Base Stock: 29,300
Annual Growth Pct: 10
Modelled 2030 Evs: 47,188
Status: EVS SENSITIVITY—NOT OFFICIAL FORECAST
Source: [evs_model]

High

Base Year: 2,025
Base Stock: 29,300
Annual Growth Pct: 15
Modelled 2030 Evs: 58,933
Status: EVS SENSITIVITY—NOT OFFICIAL FORECAST
Source: [evs_model]

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_forecast

Charging infrastructure

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Charging infrastructure

As Of	Level2 Ports	Dc Fast Ports	Total Public Ports	Stations	Source	Public Ports	Private Ports	Total Ports
1 Jan 2025—Alliance/AFDC	653	309	962	352	279 L2 plus 73 DC-fast stations [alliance_ky]	962	—	962
13 Aug 2026 access—AFDC state page	—	—	1,201	—	Access snapshot; 147 private ports separately listed [afdc_ky]	1,201	147	1,348
Kentucky programme status	—	—	—	—	Kentucky expects nearly $70m total NEVI funding and reports developer awards; awarded/planned stations are not operating-port counts [ky_nevi]	—	—	—

1 Jan 2025—Alliance/AFDC

Level2 Ports: 653
Dc Fast Ports: 309
Total Public Ports: 962
Stations: 352
Source: 279 L2 plus 73 DC-fast stations [alliance_ky]
Public Ports: 962
Private Ports: —
Total Ports: 962

13 Aug 2026 access—AFDC state page

Level2 Ports: —
Dc Fast Ports: —
Total Public Ports: 1,201
Stations: —
Source: Access snapshot; 147 private ports separately listed [afdc_ky]
Public Ports: 1,201
Private Ports: 147
Total Ports: 1,348

Kentucky programme status

Level2 Ports: —
Dc Fast Ports: —
Total Public Ports: —
Stations: —
Source: Kentucky expects nearly $70m total NEVI funding and reports developer awards; awarded/planned stations are not operating-port counts [ky_nevi]
Public Ports: —
Private Ports: —
Total Ports: —

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_charging_history

Charging diligence

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Charging diligence

Control	Requirement	Status
Definitions	Separate ports, stations, connectors, funded sites, awards and commissioned locations.	MANDATORY
Kentucky DOT / NEVI	Plans and awards are not operational inventory or reliability evidence.	OPEN [ky_nevi]
Pilot EVSE	Licensed electrician, permit, inspection, utility/load approval, networking and logs.	OPEN [ky_electrician][ky_electrician]
Electricity price	Use exact utility tariff and demand charges; statewide profile is not a site quote.	OPEN [eia_electricity]
30C	Federal refueling-property credit ended for property placed in service after 30 June 2026.	ZERO [irs_30c]

Definitions

Requirement: Separate ports, stations, connectors, funded sites, awards and commissioned locations.
Status: MANDATORY

Kentucky DOT / NEVI

Requirement: Plans and awards are not operational inventory or reliability evidence.
Status: OPEN [ky_nevi]

Pilot EVSE

Requirement: Licensed electrician, permit, inspection, utility/load approval, networking and logs.
Status: OPEN [ky_electrician][ky_electrician]

Electricity price

Requirement: Use exact utility tariff and demand charges; statewide profile is not a site quote.
Status: OPEN [eia_electricity]

30C

Requirement: Federal refueling-property credit ended for property placed in service after 30 June 2026.
Status: ZERO [irs_30c]

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_charger_reliability

Vehicle parc age and service demand

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Vehicle parc age and service demand

Fact	Value	Unit	Implication
Kentucky average vehicle age	13.8	years	Above the 12.2-year national benchmark; wear-led and out-of-warranty tasks matter [alliance_ky].
District 1 exact plug-in stock	1,764	vehicles	14.8-year parc [alliance_ky_d1].
District 2 exact plug-in stock	3,289	vehicles	14.4-year parc [alliance_ky_d2].
District 3 exact plug-in stock	5,811	vehicles	12.5-year parc; broad Louisville proxy [alliance_ky_d3].
District 4 exact plug-in stock	4,715	vehicles	13.1-year parc; broad northern Kentucky proxy [alliance_ky_d4].
District 5 exact plug-in stock	1,214	vehicles	14.9-year parc [alliance_ky_d5].
District 6 exact plug-in stock	4,528	vehicles	12.9-year parc; broad Lexington/Georgetown proxy [alliance_ky_d6].
District 3 share of exact statewide plug-ins	27.255	percent	Broad concentration proxy only; not a Louisville drive-time catchment [alliance_ky_d3][alliance_ky].

Kentucky average vehicle age

Value: 13.8
Unit: years
Implication: Above the 12.2-year national benchmark; wear-led and out-of-warranty tasks matter [alliance_ky].

District 1 exact plug-in stock

Value: 1,764
Unit: vehicles
Implication: 14.8-year parc [alliance_ky_d1].

District 2 exact plug-in stock

Value: 3,289
Unit: vehicles
Implication: 14.4-year parc [alliance_ky_d2].

District 3 exact plug-in stock

Value: 5,811
Unit: vehicles
Implication: 12.5-year parc; broad Louisville proxy [alliance_ky_d3].

District 4 exact plug-in stock

Value: 4,715
Unit: vehicles
Implication: 13.1-year parc; broad northern Kentucky proxy [alliance_ky_d4].

District 5 exact plug-in stock

Value: 1,214
Unit: vehicles
Implication: 14.9-year parc [alliance_ky_d5].

District 6 exact plug-in stock

Value: 4,528
Unit: vehicles
Implication: 12.9-year parc; broad Lexington/Georgetown proxy [alliance_ky_d6].

District 3 share of exact statewide plug-ins

Value: 27.255
Unit: percent
Implication: Broad concentration proxy only; not a Louisville drive-time catchment [alliance_ky_d3][alliance_ky].

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_parc_age_service

TAM / SAM / SOM controls

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

TAM / SAM / SOM controls

Layer	Value	Unit	Status	Basis
TAM—rounded 2025 light-duty registrations	29,300	vehicles	SOURCED / ROUNDED	DOE/Experian 20,700 BEV + 8,600 PHEV [ky_current_stock].
Service-window sensitivity	8,790	vehicles	EVS ASSUMPTION	TAM × 30% [evs_model].
Independent-consideration sensitivity	2,198	vehicles	EVS ASSUMPTION	Service window × 25%, rounded [evs_model].

TAM—rounded 2025 light-duty registrations

Value: 29,300
Unit: vehicles
Status: SOURCED / ROUNDED
Basis: DOE/Experian 20,700 BEV + 8,600 PHEV [ky_current_stock].

Service-window sensitivity

Value: 8,790
Unit: vehicles
Status: EVS ASSUMPTION
Basis: TAM × 30% [evs_model].

Independent-consideration sensitivity

Value: 2,198
Unit: vehicles
Status: EVS ASSUMPTION
Basis: Service window × 25%, rounded [evs_model].

3 more rows in the full report

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_tam_sam_som

Customer segments

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Customer segments

Segment	Priority	Need
Out-of-warranty Louisville-metro BEV households	P1	OEM-procedure diagnostics, transparent scope and safe HV isolation.
PHEV owners statewide	P1	Combined engine, emissions, HV and cooling competence; PHEVs are 29.95% of exact plug-in stock.
Used-EV buyers and sellers	P1	Pre-purchase scan, battery-health evidence and uncertainty disclosure.
All-weather and rural households	P1	Tyres, brakes, thermal/HVAC, 12V, charging faults and recovery triage.
Municipal, utility, delivery and automotive-supply fleets	P2	Uptime reporting, mobile triage and controlled transport.

Out-of-warranty Louisville-metro BEV households

Priority: P1
Need: OEM-procedure diagnostics, transparent scope and safe HV isolation.

PHEV owners statewide

Priority: P1
Need: Combined engine, emissions, HV and cooling competence; PHEVs are 29.95% of exact plug-in stock.

Used-EV buyers and sellers

Priority: P1
Need: Pre-purchase scan, battery-health evidence and uncertainty disclosure.

All-weather and rural households

Priority: P1
Need: Tyres, brakes, thermal/HVAC, 12V, charging faults and recovery triage.

Municipal, utility, delivery and automotive-supply fleets

Priority: P2
Need: Uptime reporting, mobile triage and controlled transport.

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_customer_segments

Fleet segments

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Fleet segments

Segment	Priority	Offer	Evidence
Delivery and field-service fleets	—	—	—
Municipal and institutional fleets	—	—	—
Automotive-manufacturing support fleets	—	—	—
Rental and airport fleets	—	—	—

Delivery and field-service fleets

Priority: —
Offer: —
Evidence: —

Municipal and institutional fleets

Priority: —
Offer: —
Evidence: —

Automotive-manufacturing support fleets

Priority: —
Offer: —
Evidence: —

Rental and airport fleets

Priority: —
Offer: —
Evidence: —

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_fleet_segments

Leading brands and models

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Leading brands and models

Family	Priority	Reason	Evidence
—	—	—	State model ranking was not located.
—	—	—	PHEVs are 29.95% of exact plug-in stock.
—	—	—	Kentucky has major Ford, Toyota and GM production facilities, but facility presence is not model-parc evidence.
—	—	—	Current routing is dynamic.

—

Priority: —
Reason: —
Evidence: State model ranking was not located.

—

Priority: —
Reason: —
Evidence: PHEVs are 29.95% of exact plug-in stock.

—

Priority: —
Reason: —
Evidence: Kentucky has major Ford, Toyota and GM production facilities, but facility presence is not model-parc evidence.

—

Priority: —
Reason: —
Evidence: Current routing is dynamic.

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_brands_models

15In the full report

OEM competitors

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

16In the full report

Independent competitors

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

17In the full report

Priority cities and regions

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

18In the full report

Consumer incentives

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

19In the full report

Business and investment incentives

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

20In the full report

Tax snapshot

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

21In the full report

Licensing, consumer and franchise controls

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

22In the full report

Labour and skills

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

23In the full report

High-voltage safety

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

24In the full report

Battery and waste

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

Data and consumer controls

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Data and consumer controls

Topic	Rule	Implication
—	Counsel-approved estimates, supplements, approvals, tax treatment and itemized invoices.	—
—	State data source, limitations, temperature/SoC context and non-warranty status.	—
—	Use lawful OEM/NASTF routes; prohibit credential sharing.	—
—	Minimize VIN, customer and location data and set access/retention rules.	—

—

Rule: Counsel-approved estimates, supplements, approvals, tax treatment and itemized invoices.
Implication: —

—

Rule: State data source, limitations, temperature/SoC context and non-warranty status.
Implication: —

—

Rule: Use lawful OEM/NASTF routes; prohibit credential sharing.
Implication: —

—

Rule: Minimize VIN, customer and location data and set access/retention rules.
Implication: —

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_data_consumer

26In the full report

Recommended service portfolio

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

27In the full report

Operating model

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

28In the full report

Franchise model

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

29In the full report

Annual economics

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

30In the full report

90-day pilot economics

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

31In the full report

Risks

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

Mitigations

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Mitigations

Risk	Mitigation	Owner	Trigger
Demand	90 paid jobs, 225-job cohort and two fleet pilots before site release.	Market lead	—
Economics	Base positive EBITDA and ≤36-month payback with incentives at zero.	Finance	—
Safety	Task matrix, observed competency, LOTO, PPE, quarantine and responder drill.	EHS	—
Waste	Written recycler, recipient and carrier chain plus waste matrix.	EHS	—
Staffing	Binding lead and multiskill offers.	Operations	—
Franchise	No solicitation, offer or sale until unit proof, manuals and counsel/FDD release.	Legal	—

Demand

Mitigation: 90 paid jobs, 225-job cohort and two fleet pilots before site release.
Owner: Market lead
Trigger: —

Economics

Mitigation: Base positive EBITDA and ≤36-month payback with incentives at zero.
Owner: Finance
Trigger: —

Safety

Mitigation: Task matrix, observed competency, LOTO, PPE, quarantine and responder drill.
Owner: EHS
Trigger: —

Waste

Mitigation: Written recycler, recipient and carrier chain plus waste matrix.
Owner: EHS
Trigger: —

Staffing

Mitigation: Binding lead and multiskill offers.
Owner: Operations
Trigger: —

Franchise

Mitigation: No solicitation, offer or sale until unit proof, manuals and counsel/FDD release.
Owner: Legal
Trigger: —

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_mitigations

33In the full report

90-day entry plan

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

34In the full report

Explicit go / no-go gates

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

This section is in the full report.

Methodology

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Methodology

Step	Method	Control
Queue control	Selected only locked rank-38 Kentucky; checked no completed duplicate.	—
Source hierarchy	Federal/state agencies first; Alliance/S&P for exact 2024 snapshot; commercial pages only for presence.	—
Definitions	Kept exact 2024 and rounded 2025 stock, annual sales, ports, stations and funding separate.	—
Geography	All six congressional districts are broad political geographies; District 3 is a concentration proxy, not a Louisville drive-time catchment.	—
TAM/SAM/SOM	Rounded registrations × explicit EVS sensitivities; verified SAM unquantified; executable SOM zero.	—
Forecast	Five-year 5%/10%/15% sensitivities from rounded 2025 anchor.	—
Economics	Three-bay embedded jobs × ARO; gross profit less fixed opex; no incentive value.	—
Release	Evidence thresholds control site, scope, fleet route and franchise.	—

Queue control

Method: Selected only locked rank-38 Kentucky; checked no completed duplicate.
Control: —

Source hierarchy

Method: Federal/state agencies first; Alliance/S&P for exact 2024 snapshot; commercial pages only for presence.
Control: —

Definitions

Method: Kept exact 2024 and rounded 2025 stock, annual sales, ports, stations and funding separate.
Control: —

Geography

Method: All six congressional districts are broad political geographies; District 3 is a concentration proxy, not a Louisville drive-time catchment.
Control: —

TAM/SAM/SOM

Method: Rounded registrations × explicit EVS sensitivities; verified SAM unquantified; executable SOM zero.
Control: —

Forecast

Method: Five-year 5%/10%/15% sensitivities from rounded 2025 anchor.
Control: —

Economics

Method: Three-bay embedded jobs × ARO; gross profit less fixed opex; no incentive value.
Control: —

Release

Method: Evidence thresholds control site, scope, fleet route and franchise.
Control: —

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_methodology

Data gaps

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Data gaps

Gap	Effect	Closure
Exact 2025 BEV/PHEV and ZIP extract	—	—
VIN/age/warranty/task catchment	—	—
OEM and independent competitor capacity	—	—
Exact-site rent, power, tariff, tax and permitting	—	—
Battery/waste classifications and recipients	—	—
EV/HV technician availability and wage premium	—	—
Franchise/service-law route	—	—

Exact 2025 BEV/PHEV and ZIP extract

Effect: —
Closure: —

VIN/age/warranty/task catchment

Effect: —
Closure: —

OEM and independent competitor capacity

Effect: —
Closure: —

Exact-site rent, power, tariff, tax and permitting

Effect: —
Closure: —

Battery/waste classifications and recipients

Effect: —
Closure: —

EV/HV technician availability and wage premium

Effect: —
Closure: —

Franchise/service-law route

Effect: —
Closure: —

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_data_gaps

Complete source register

Reviewed Kentucky evidence and EVS controls. Sourced facts, assumptions, uncertainty and release conditions remain separated.

Complete source register

Source Id	Publisher	Publication Date	Accessed At	Classification	Href
afdc_ky	U.S. Department of Energy	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://afdc.energy.gov/states/KY
ky_current_stock	U.S. Department of Energy	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicle-registration
alliance_ky	Alliance for Automotive Innovation	2025-01-01	2026-08-13	Authoritative industry	https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky
alliance_ky_d1	Alliance for Automotive Innovation	2025-01-01	2026-08-13	Authoritative industry	https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/1
alliance_ky_d2	Alliance for Automotive Innovation	2025-01-01	2026-08-13	Authoritative industry	https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/2
alliance_ky_d3	Alliance for Automotive Innovation	2025-01-01	2026-08-13	Authoritative industry	https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/3
alliance_ky_d4	Alliance for Automotive Innovation	2025-01-01	2026-08-13	Authoritative industry	https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/4
alliance_ky_d5	Alliance for Automotive Innovation	2025-01-01	2026-08-13	Authoritative industry	https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/5
alliance_ky_d6	Alliance for Automotive Innovation	2025-01-01	2026-08-13	Authoritative industry	https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/6
afdc_ky_laws	U.S. Department of Energy	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/all?state=KY
ky_nevi	Kentucky Transportation Cabinet	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://transportation.ky.gov/Planning/Pages/EVPlan.aspx
census_ky	U.S. Census Bureau	2026-06-01	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/KY/PST045225
census_louisville	U.S. Census Bureau	2026-06-01	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/louisvillejeffersoncountymetrogovernmentbalancekentucky/PST045225
ky_onestop	Kentucky Business One Stop	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://onestop.ky.gov/start/Pages/default.aspx
ky_local_requirements	Kentucky Business One Stop	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://onestop.ky.gov/start/Pages/localrequirements.aspx
ky_sales_tax	Kentucky Department of Revenue	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://revenue.ky.gov/Business/Sales-Use-Tax/Pages/default.aspx
ky_repair_tax	Kentucky Legislative Research Commission	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/103/027/150/
ky_income_tax	Kentucky Department of Revenue	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://revenue.ky.gov/Business/Corporation-Income-and-Limited-Liability-Entity-Tax/Pages/default.aspx
ky_ksbtc	Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://newkentuckyhome.ky.gov/entrepreneurship/KSBTC
ky_kbi_keia	Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://newkentuckyhome.ky.gov/Europe/Financial_Incentives
ky_bssc	Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://newkentuckyhome.ky.gov/workforce/BSSC
labor_wage	U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics	2024-04-03	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ky.htm
ky_osha	Occupational Safety and Health Administration	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky
ky_electrician	Kentucky Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://dhbc.ky.gov/
ky_hazardous	Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://eec.ky.gov/Environmental-Protection/Compliance-Assistance/Pages/Permitting-Overview.aspx
ky_generator	Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://eec.ky.gov/Environmental-Protection/Waste/hazardous-waste/Pages/haz%20waste%20generation.aspx
ky_vw	Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://eec.ky.gov/Energy/Programs/Pages/Volkswagen-Settlement.aspx/1000
ky_consumer	Kentucky Attorney General	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.ag.ky.gov/Contact-Us/Pages/default.aspx
ky_franchise_scope	Kentucky Legislative Research Commission	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/
eia_electricity	U.S. Energy Information Administration	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/kentucky/
ky_fire_marshal	Kentucky Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://dhbc.ky.gov/sfm/Pages/default.aspx
osha_333	Occupational Safety and Health Administration	—	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.333
osha_loto	Occupational Safety and Health Administration	—	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.147
epa_battery	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	—	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.epa.gov/hw/lithium-ion-battery-recycling-frequently-asked-questions
epa_609	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	—	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.epa.gov/mvac/section-609-technician-training-and-certification-programs
phmsa	Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration	—	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/lithiumbatteries
nhtsa_ev_safety	National Highway Traffic Safety Administration	—	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle-safety/electric-and-hybrid-vehicles
ase_xev	ASE	—	2026-08-13	Authoritative industry	https://www.ase.com/xev
ftc_franchise	Federal Trade Commission	—	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/rules/franchise-rule
nastf	NASTF	—	2026-08-13	Authoritative industry	https://wp.nastf.org/
irs_clean_vehicle	Internal Revenue Service	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/faqs-for-modification-of-sections-25c-25d-25e-30c-30d-45l-45w-and-179d-under-public-law-119-21-139-stat-72-july-4-2025-commonly-known-as-the-one-big-beautiful-bill-obbb
irs_30c	Internal Revenue Service	2025-12-01	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i8911
tesla_locator	Tesla	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Commercial primary source	https://www.tesla.com/findus/list/services/United%20States
rivian_locator	Rivian	—	2026-08-13	Commercial primary source	https://rivian.com/experience/service
oxmoor_toyota	Oxmoor Toyota	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Commercial primary source	https://www.oxmoortoyota.com/service/
oxmoor_ford	Oxmoor Ford Lincoln	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Commercial primary source	https://www.oxmoorfl.com/service/
ky_aaa_repair	AAA	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Industry directory	https://www.aaa.com/autorepair/locations/kentucky
ky_ev_fee	Kentucky Transportation Cabinet	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Primary / authoritative	https://drive.ky.gov/Pages/EV-HV-Fee.aspx
evs_logo	EVS Worldwide	—	2026-08-13	EVS asset	https://evsworldwide.com/
evs_model	EVS Worldwide	—	2026-08-13	EVS assumption register	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_stock_card	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_share_card	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_ports_card	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_payback_card	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_stock_chart	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_adoption_chart	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_forecast_chart	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_economics_chart	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_decision_summary	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_headline_kpis	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_registered_stock	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_adoption_history	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_stock_powertrain	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_definition_reconciliation	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_forecast	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_charging_history	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_charger_reliability	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_parc_age_service	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_tam_sam_som	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_customer_segments	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_fleet_segments	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_brands_models	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_oem_competitors	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_independent_competitors	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_regions	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_consumer_incentives	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_business_incentives	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_tax_snapshot	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_entity_licensing	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_labour	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_hv_safety	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_battery_waste	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_data_consumer	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_service_portfolio	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_operating_model	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_franchise_model	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_annual_scenarios	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_pilot_scenarios	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_risks	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_mitigations	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_plan_90_day	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_gates	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_methodology	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_data_gaps	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/
widget_table_source_audit	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-13	2026-08-13	Artifact provenance	https://evsworldwide.com/

afdc_ky

Publisher: U.S. Department of Energy
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://afdc.energy.gov/states/KY

ky_current_stock

Publisher: U.S. Department of Energy
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicle-registration

alliance_ky

Publisher: Alliance for Automotive Innovation
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Authoritative industry
Href: https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky

alliance_ky_d1

Publisher: Alliance for Automotive Innovation
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Authoritative industry
Href: https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/1

alliance_ky_d2

Publisher: Alliance for Automotive Innovation
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Authoritative industry
Href: https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/2

alliance_ky_d3

Publisher: Alliance for Automotive Innovation
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Authoritative industry
Href: https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/3

alliance_ky_d4

Publisher: Alliance for Automotive Innovation
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Authoritative industry
Href: https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/4

alliance_ky_d5

Publisher: Alliance for Automotive Innovation
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Authoritative industry
Href: https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/5

alliance_ky_d6

Publisher: Alliance for Automotive Innovation
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Authoritative industry
Href: https://www.autosinnovate.org/resources/insights/ky/6

afdc_ky_laws

Publisher: U.S. Department of Energy
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/all?state=KY

ky_nevi

Publisher: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://transportation.ky.gov/Planning/Pages/EVPlan.aspx

census_ky

Publisher: U.S. Census Bureau
Publication Date: 2026-06-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/KY/PST045225

census_louisville

Publisher: U.S. Census Bureau
Publication Date: 2026-06-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/louisvillejeffersoncountymetrogovernmentbalancekentucky/PST045225

ky_onestop

Publisher: Kentucky Business One Stop
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://onestop.ky.gov/start/Pages/default.aspx

ky_local_requirements

Publisher: Kentucky Business One Stop
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://onestop.ky.gov/start/Pages/localrequirements.aspx

ky_sales_tax

Publisher: Kentucky Department of Revenue
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://revenue.ky.gov/Business/Sales-Use-Tax/Pages/default.aspx

ky_repair_tax

Publisher: Kentucky Legislative Research Commission
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/103/027/150/

ky_income_tax

Publisher: Kentucky Department of Revenue
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://revenue.ky.gov/Business/Corporation-Income-and-Limited-Liability-Entity-Tax/Pages/default.aspx

ky_ksbtc

Publisher: Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://newkentuckyhome.ky.gov/entrepreneurship/KSBTC

ky_kbi_keia

Publisher: Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://newkentuckyhome.ky.gov/Europe/Financial_Incentives

ky_bssc

Publisher: Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://newkentuckyhome.ky.gov/workforce/BSSC

labor_wage

Publisher: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Publication Date: 2024-04-03
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ky.htm

ky_osha

Publisher: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky

ky_electrician

Publisher: Kentucky Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://dhbc.ky.gov/

ky_hazardous

Publisher: Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://eec.ky.gov/Environmental-Protection/Compliance-Assistance/Pages/Permitting-Overview.aspx

ky_generator

Publisher: Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://eec.ky.gov/Environmental-Protection/Waste/hazardous-waste/Pages/haz%20waste%20generation.aspx

ky_vw

Publisher: Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://eec.ky.gov/Energy/Programs/Pages/Volkswagen-Settlement.aspx/1000

ky_consumer

Publisher: Kentucky Attorney General
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.ag.ky.gov/Contact-Us/Pages/default.aspx

ky_franchise_scope

Publisher: Kentucky Legislative Research Commission
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/

eia_electricity

Publisher: U.S. Energy Information Administration
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/kentucky/

ky_fire_marshal

Publisher: Kentucky Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://dhbc.ky.gov/sfm/Pages/default.aspx

osha_333

Publisher: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.333

osha_loto

Publisher: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.147

epa_battery

Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.epa.gov/hw/lithium-ion-battery-recycling-frequently-asked-questions

epa_609

Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.epa.gov/mvac/section-609-technician-training-and-certification-programs

phmsa

Publisher: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/lithiumbatteries

nhtsa_ev_safety

Publisher: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle-safety/electric-and-hybrid-vehicles

ase_xev

Publisher: ASE
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Authoritative industry
Href: https://www.ase.com/xev

ftc_franchise

Publisher: Federal Trade Commission
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/rules/franchise-rule

nastf

Publisher: NASTF
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Authoritative industry
Href: https://wp.nastf.org/

irs_clean_vehicle

Publisher: Internal Revenue Service
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/faqs-for-modification-of-sections-25c-25d-25e-30c-30d-45l-45w-and-179d-under-public-law-119-21-139-stat-72-july-4-2025-commonly-known-as-the-one-big-beautiful-bill-obbb

irs_30c

Publisher: Internal Revenue Service
Publication Date: 2025-12-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i8911

tesla_locator

Publisher: Tesla
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Commercial primary source
Href: https://www.tesla.com/findus/list/services/United%20States

rivian_locator

Publisher: Rivian
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Commercial primary source
Href: https://rivian.com/experience/service

oxmoor_toyota

Publisher: Oxmoor Toyota
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Commercial primary source
Href: https://www.oxmoortoyota.com/service/

oxmoor_ford

Publisher: Oxmoor Ford Lincoln
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Commercial primary source
Href: https://www.oxmoorfl.com/service/

ky_aaa_repair

Publisher: AAA
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Industry directory
Href: https://www.aaa.com/autorepair/locations/kentucky

ky_ev_fee

Publisher: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Href: https://drive.ky.gov/Pages/EV-HV-Fee.aspx

evs_logo

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: EVS asset
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

evs_model

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: EVS assumption register
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_stock_card

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_share_card

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_ports_card

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_payback_card

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_stock_chart

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_adoption_chart

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_forecast_chart

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_economics_chart

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_decision_summary

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_headline_kpis

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_registered_stock

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_adoption_history

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_stock_powertrain

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_definition_reconciliation

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_forecast

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_charging_history

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_charger_reliability

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_parc_age_service

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_tam_sam_som

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_customer_segments

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_fleet_segments

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_brands_models

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_oem_competitors

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_independent_competitors

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_regions

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_consumer_incentives

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_business_incentives

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_tax_snapshot

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_entity_licensing

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_labour

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_hv_safety

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_battery_waste

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_data_consumer

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_service_portfolio

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_operating_model

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_franchise_model

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_annual_scenarios

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_pilot_scenarios

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_risks

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_mitigations

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_plan_90_day

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_gates

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_methodology

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_data_gaps

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

widget_table_source_audit

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-13
Accessed At: 2026-08-13
Classification: Artifact provenance
Href: https://evsworldwide.com/

Source: EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_source_audit

Method / Sources and confidence

Where every figure
comes from.

Registrations, charging and legal requirements are read from primary sources. Where no official dataset exists, the model and its assumptions are published instead of a single unexplained number. This report is a dated snapshot: August 2026.

01Kentucky Transportation Data for Alternative Fuels and Vehicles
02Kentucky vehicle registration counts—2025
03Kentucky Economic Data
04Kentucky Congressional District 1 Economic Data
05Kentucky Congressional District 2 Economic Data
06Kentucky Congressional District 3 Economic Data
07Kentucky Congressional District 4 Economic Data
08Kentucky Congressional District 5 Economic Data
09Kentucky Congressional District 6 Economic Data
10Kentucky Laws and Incentives
11Kentucky Electric Vehicle Charging Program
12QuickFacts—Kentucky
13QuickFacts—Louisville/Jefferson County metro government, Kentucky
14Start a Business
15Local Requirements
16Sales and Use Tax
17103 KAR 27:150—Repairers and reconditioners
18Corporation Income and Limited Liability Entity Tax
19Kentucky Small Business Tax Credit
20Kentucky Business Incentive and KEIA
21Bluegrass State Skills Corporation
22Kentucky May 2023 OEWS
23Kentucky State Plan
24Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction
25Waste Permitting Overview
26Hazardous Waste Generation
27Volkswagen Settlement EV Charging Rebates
28Consumer Protection
29Kentucky Revised Statutes
30Kentucky Electricity Profile
31State Fire Marshal
3229 CFR 1910.333
3329 CFR 1910.147
34Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling FAQ
35Section 609 Technician Training
36Transporting Lithium Batteries
37Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Safety
38xEV High-Voltage Safety Certifications
39Franchise Rule
40National Automotive Service Task Force
41Clean Vehicle Credit Terminations
42Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit
43Tesla Service Locations—United States
44Rivian Service Locations
45Oxmoor Toyota Service
46Oxmoor Ford Lincoln Service
47AAA Approved Auto Repair—Kentucky
48Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Vehicle Fees
49EVS Transparent SVG Logo
50EVS Kentucky Decision Model
51EVS artifact provenance—widget_stock_cardReturn bounded reviewed rows for stock_card.
52EVS artifact provenance—widget_share_cardReturn bounded reviewed rows for share_card.
53EVS artifact provenance—widget_ports_cardReturn bounded reviewed rows for ports_card.
54EVS artifact provenance—widget_payback_cardReturn bounded reviewed rows for payback_card.
55EVS artifact provenance—widget_stock_chartReturn bounded reviewed rows for stock_chart.
56EVS artifact provenance—widget_adoption_chartReturn bounded reviewed rows for adoption_chart.
57EVS artifact provenance—widget_forecast_chartReturn bounded reviewed rows for forecast_chart.
58EVS artifact provenance—widget_economics_chartReturn bounded reviewed rows for economics_chart.
59EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_decision_summaryReturn bounded reviewed rows for decision_summary_table.
60EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_headline_kpisReturn bounded reviewed rows for headline_kpis_table.
61EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_registered_stockReturn bounded reviewed rows for registered_stock_table.
62EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_adoption_historyReturn bounded reviewed rows for adoption_history_table.
63EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_stock_powertrainReturn bounded reviewed rows for stock_powertrain_table.
64EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_definition_reconciliationReturn bounded reviewed rows for definition_reconciliation_table.
65EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_forecastReturn bounded reviewed rows for forecast_table.
66EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_charging_historyReturn bounded reviewed rows for charging_history_table.
67EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_charger_reliabilityReturn bounded reviewed rows for charger_reliability_table.
68EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_parc_age_serviceReturn bounded reviewed rows for parc_age_service_table.
69EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_tam_sam_somReturn bounded reviewed rows for tam_sam_som_table.
70EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_customer_segmentsReturn bounded reviewed rows for customer_segments_table.
71EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_fleet_segmentsReturn bounded reviewed rows for fleet_segments_table.
72EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_brands_modelsReturn bounded reviewed rows for brands_models_table.
73EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_oem_competitorsReturn bounded reviewed rows for oem_competitors_table.
74EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_independent_competitorsReturn bounded reviewed rows for independent_competitors_table.
75EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_regionsReturn bounded reviewed rows for regions_table.
76EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_consumer_incentivesReturn bounded reviewed rows for consumer_incentives_table.
77EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_business_incentivesReturn bounded reviewed rows for business_incentives_table.
78EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_tax_snapshotReturn bounded reviewed rows for tax_snapshot_table.
79EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_entity_licensingReturn bounded reviewed rows for entity_licensing_table.
80EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_labourReturn bounded reviewed rows for labour_table.
81EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_hv_safetyReturn bounded reviewed rows for hv_safety_table.
82EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_battery_wasteReturn bounded reviewed rows for battery_waste_table.
83EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_data_consumerReturn bounded reviewed rows for data_consumer_table.
84EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_service_portfolioReturn bounded reviewed rows for service_portfolio_table.
85EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_operating_modelReturn bounded reviewed rows for operating_model_table.
86EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_franchise_modelReturn bounded reviewed rows for franchise_model_table.
87EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_annual_scenariosReturn bounded reviewed rows for annual_scenarios_table.
88EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_pilot_scenariosReturn bounded reviewed rows for pilot_scenarios_table.
89EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_risksReturn bounded reviewed rows for risks_table.
90EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_mitigationsReturn bounded reviewed rows for mitigations_table.
91EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_plan_90_dayReturn bounded reviewed rows for plan_90_day_table.
92EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_gatesReturn bounded reviewed rows for gates_table.
93EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_methodologyReturn bounded reviewed rows for methodology_table.
94EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_data_gapsReturn bounded reviewed rows for data_gaps_table.
95EVS artifact provenance—widget_table_source_auditReturn bounded reviewed rows for source_audit_table.

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Kentucky.

Executive summary

Headline market indicators

BEV/PHEV stock history

Sales and adoption history

Powertrain mix

Definition reconciliation

2030 EV scenarios

Charging infrastructure

Charging diligence

Vehicle parc age and service demand

TAM / SAM / SOM controls

Customer segments

Fleet segments

Leading brands and models

OEM competitors

Independent competitors

Priority cities and regions

Consumer incentives

Business and investment incentives

Tax snapshot

Licensing, consumer and franchise controls

Labour and skills

High-voltage safety

Battery and waste

Data and consumer controls

Recommended service portfolio

Operating model

Franchise model

Annual economics

90-day pilot economics

Risks

Mitigations

90-day entry plan

Explicit go / no-go gates

Methodology

Data gaps

Complete source register

Where every figurecomes from.

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Other US state markets.

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Florida

Texas

New York

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Where every figure
comes from.

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