Market IntelligenceAfrica
Madagascar
EVS Madagascar EV Service Centre Market Entry
Decision-grade market-entry report for an EVS service-centre model in Madagascar.
Snapshot: 11 August 202648-page full report
Active plug-in stock
—
No authoritative active passenger/light-commercial plug-in stock series.
Public connectors
—
No verified commissioned public passenger-EV connector census.
Gate jobs
113
EVS annual gate SAM; not a market estimate.
Base payback
12.308
Base simple payback on reversible capex.
Executive summary
The verdict in full
A standalone centre is not supported. An Antananarivo/Analamanga partner clinic remains conditional on evidence and power gates.
Market headline
Null values are deliberate evidence gaps, not zeros.
Market headline
| Metric | Period | Value | Unit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 all-powertrain customs-release flow | 2023 | 14,253 | vehicles | 4,606 new plus 9,647 other vehicles; secondary report of official Customs dashboard, not active stock [vehicle_imports_2023]. |
| Passenger/LCV BEV sales | Current | — | vehicles | Authoritative national series not located. |
| Passenger/LCV PHEV sales | Current | — | vehicles | Authoritative national series not located. |
| Active passenger/LCV BEV/PHEV stock | Current | — | vehicles | Authoritative national/Analamanga series not located. |
| Commissioned public passenger-EV connectors | Current | — | connectors | Operator/regulator inventory not located. |
| Executable SOM | Pre-gate | 0 | jobs/year | Hard-controlled to zero until all launch gates pass [evs_model]. |
2023 all-powertrain customs-release flow
- Period
- 2023
- Value
- 14,253
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- 4,606 new plus 9,647 other vehicles; secondary report of official Customs dashboard, not active stock [vehicle_imports_2023].
Passenger/LCV BEV sales
- Period
- Current
- Value
- —
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- Authoritative national series not located.
Passenger/LCV PHEV sales
- Period
- Current
- Value
- —
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- Authoritative national series not located.
Active passenger/LCV BEV/PHEV stock
- Period
- Current
- Value
- —
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- Authoritative national/Analamanga series not located.
Commissioned public passenger-EV connectors
- Period
- Current
- Value
- —
- Unit
- connectors
- Status
- Operator/regulator inventory not located.
Executable SOM
- Period
- Pre-gate
- Value
- 0
- Unit
- jobs/year
- Status
- Hard-controlled to zero until all launch gates pass [evs_model].
Market size and all-powertrain context
Customs flow provides a bounded planning denominator, not active plug-in stock.
Market size and all-powertrain context
| Measure | Value | Unit | Date | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New vehicles released for consumption | 4,606 | vehicles | 2023 | All powertrains; customs flow [vehicle_imports_2023]. |
| Other vehicles released for consumption | 9,647 | vehicles | 2023 | All powertrains; class/used definition requires Customs clarification [vehicle_imports_2023]. |
| Combined 2023 customs-release flow | 14,253 | vehicles | 2023 | Planning denominator only; not registrations or active parc [vehicle_imports_2023]. |
| Combined 2022 comparison flow | 11,792 | vehicles | 2022 | 4,994 new plus 6,798 other vehicles [vehicle_imports_2023]. |
| Reported real GDP growth | 4.2 | % | 2024 estimate | IMF macro context, not EV demand [imf_review]. |
| Projected real GDP growth | 4.6 | % | 2025 forecast | IMF February 2025 vintage; downside risks apply [imf_review]. |
New vehicles released for consumption
- Value
- 4,606
- Unit
- vehicles
- Date
- 2023
- Definition
- All powertrains; customs flow [vehicle_imports_2023].
Other vehicles released for consumption
- Value
- 9,647
- Unit
- vehicles
- Date
- 2023
- Definition
- All powertrains; class/used definition requires Customs clarification [vehicle_imports_2023].
Combined 2023 customs-release flow
- Value
- 14,253
- Unit
- vehicles
- Date
- 2023
- Definition
- Planning denominator only; not registrations or active parc [vehicle_imports_2023].
Combined 2022 comparison flow
- Value
- 11,792
- Unit
- vehicles
- Date
- 2022
- Definition
- 4,994 new plus 6,798 other vehicles [vehicle_imports_2023].
Reported real GDP growth
- Value
- 4.2
- Unit
- %
- Date
- 2024 estimate
- Definition
- IMF macro context, not EV demand [imf_review].
Projected real GDP growth
- Value
- 4.6
- Unit
- %
- Date
- 2025 forecast
- Definition
- IMF February 2025 vintage; downside risks apply [imf_review].
BEV/PHEV adoption history
Historical all-powertrain registrations and commercial signals do not form a national plug-in series.
BEV/PHEV adoption history
| Period | Geography | All Powertrain Registrations | Plug In Sales | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 Q3 | Antananarivo | 3,185 | — | INSTAT; 41.1% passenger cars [instat_q3_2019]. |
| 2019 Q4 | Antananarivo | 2,300 | — | INSTAT; 63.8% new [instat_q4_2019]. |
| 2020 Q3 | Antananarivo | 1,463 | — | INSTAT; 83% new and 15% used [instat_q3_2020]. |
| 2020 Q4 | Antananarivo | 4,432 | — | INSTAT; pandemic-processing caveat [instat_q4_2020]. |
| 2023 | National customs | — | — | 14,253 customs releases; not registrations and no propulsion split [vehicle_imports_2023]. |
| 2024-10 | Antananarivo | — | — | Official BYD/LOXEA launch, no volume [cfao_byd]. |
| 2025-09 | Antananarivo taxis | — | 15 | One-month importer claim in secondary media; not official national registrations or active stock [motor_show_2025]. |
2019 Q3
- Geography
- Antananarivo
- All Powertrain Registrations
- 3,185
- Plug In Sales
- —
- Evidence
- INSTAT; 41.1% passenger cars [instat_q3_2019].
2019 Q4
- Geography
- Antananarivo
- All Powertrain Registrations
- 2,300
- Plug In Sales
- —
- Evidence
- INSTAT; 63.8% new [instat_q4_2019].
2020 Q3
- Geography
- Antananarivo
- All Powertrain Registrations
- 1,463
- Plug In Sales
- —
- Evidence
- INSTAT; 83% new and 15% used [instat_q3_2020].
2020 Q4
- Geography
- Antananarivo
- All Powertrain Registrations
- 4,432
- Plug In Sales
- —
- Evidence
- INSTAT; pandemic-processing caveat [instat_q4_2020].
2023
- Geography
- National customs
- All Powertrain Registrations
- —
- Plug In Sales
- —
- Evidence
- 14,253 customs releases; not registrations and no propulsion split [vehicle_imports_2023].
2024-10
- Geography
- Antananarivo
- All Powertrain Registrations
- —
- Plug In Sales
- —
- Evidence
- Official BYD/LOXEA launch, no volume [cfao_byd].
2025-09
- Geography
- Antananarivo taxis
- All Powertrain Registrations
- —
- Plug In Sales
- 15
- Evidence
- One-month importer claim in secondary media; not official national registrations or active stock [motor_show_2025].
Definition reconciliation
Customs releases, registrations, active stock, brand launches and charging claims remain separate.
Definition reconciliation
| Term | Use | Not Equivalent To |
|---|---|---|
| Customs release | Import-flow context | Registration, active parc, passenger/LCV, plug-in or serviceable vehicle. |
| New / other vehicle | Customs categories as reported | BEV/PHEV/HEV or verified used-age class. |
| Brand launch | Availability and incumbent capability | Sale, registered vehicle or active stock [cfao_byd]. |
| Fifteen taxi EVs | Directional commercial signal | Audited national sales, active taxi fleet or BYD volume [motor_show_2025]. |
| Fuel station | Potential site/partner lead | Commissioned charger [fuel_stations]. |
| Announced/deployed charging | Audit lead | Verified site, connector, power, access or uptime [cfao_byd][motor_show_2025][jovena]. |
Customs release
- Use
- Import-flow context
- Not Equivalent To
- Registration, active parc, passenger/LCV, plug-in or serviceable vehicle.
New / other vehicle
- Use
- Customs categories as reported
- Not Equivalent To
- BEV/PHEV/HEV or verified used-age class.
Brand launch
- Use
- Availability and incumbent capability
- Not Equivalent To
- Sale, registered vehicle or active stock [cfao_byd].
Fifteen taxi EVs
- Use
- Directional commercial signal
- Not Equivalent To
- Audited national sales, active taxi fleet or BYD volume [motor_show_2025].
Fuel station
- Use
- Potential site/partner lead
- Not Equivalent To
- Commissioned charger [fuel_stations].
Announced/deployed charging
- Use
- Audit lead
- Not Equivalent To
- Verified site, connector, power, access or uptime [cfao_byd][motor_show_2025][jovena].
Get the full Madagascar analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.
Cautious / base / high 2030 sensitivities
These are EVS annual-import sensitivities, not official forecasts.
Cautious / base / high 2030 sensitivities
| Scenario | Plug In Share Of Static 2023 Import Flow Pct | Modelled 2030 Annual Plug In Imports | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cautious | 2 | 285 | EVS sensitivity applied to the static 2023 all-powertrain customs-release flow of 14,253 new and other vehicles. Not an official forecast, registration series or active-stock estimate. |
| Base | 5 | 713 | EVS sensitivity applied to the static 2023 all-powertrain customs-release flow of 14,253 new and other vehicles. Not an official forecast, registration series or active-stock estimate. |
| High | 10 | 1,425 | EVS sensitivity applied to the static 2023 all-powertrain customs-release flow of 14,253 new and other vehicles. Not an official forecast, registration series or active-stock estimate. |
Cautious
- Plug In Share Of Static 2023 Import Flow Pct
- 2
- Modelled 2030 Annual Plug In Imports
- 285
- Basis
- EVS sensitivity applied to the static 2023 all-powertrain customs-release flow of 14,253 new and other vehicles. Not an official forecast, registration series or active-stock estimate.
Base
- Plug In Share Of Static 2023 Import Flow Pct
- 5
- Modelled 2030 Annual Plug In Imports
- 713
- Basis
- EVS sensitivity applied to the static 2023 all-powertrain customs-release flow of 14,253 new and other vehicles. Not an official forecast, registration series or active-stock estimate.
High
- Plug In Share Of Static 2023 Import Flow Pct
- 10
- Modelled 2030 Annual Plug In Imports
- 1,425
- Basis
- EVS sensitivity applied to the static 2023 all-powertrain customs-release flow of 14,253 new and other vehicles. Not an official forecast, registration series or active-stock estimate.
Charging infrastructure
No auditable public site/connector inventory was located.
Charging infrastructure
| Asset | Count | Status | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|
| National commissioned public passenger-EV sites/connectors | — | No authoritative operator/regulator census located. | Do not publish a count; physical and documentary audit. |
| LOXEA charger installation service | — | Officially offered with BYD vehicles [cfao_byd]. | Potential referral/competitive capability, not public infrastructure. |
| JOVENA network | — | 2024 reporting described future deployment; 2025 secondary media claimed a national deployment, but operator site lacks an auditable inventory [cfao_byd][motor_show_2025][jovena]. | Treat as unverified until site list and commissioning evidence. |
| Fuel-station network | 336 | All-powertrain fuel distribution; secondary OMH report [fuel_stations]. | Partner-location context only, never charger count. |
National commissioned public passenger-EV sites/connectors
- Count
- —
- Status
- No authoritative operator/regulator census located.
- Decision
- Do not publish a count; physical and documentary audit.
LOXEA charger installation service
- Count
- —
- Status
- Officially offered with BYD vehicles [cfao_byd].
- Decision
- Potential referral/competitive capability, not public infrastructure.
JOVENA network
- Count
- —
- Status
- 2024 reporting described future deployment; 2025 secondary media claimed a national deployment, but operator site lacks an auditable inventory [cfao_byd][motor_show_2025][jovena].
- Decision
- Treat as unverified until site list and commissioning evidence.
Fuel-station network
- Count
- 336
- Status
- All-powertrain fuel distribution; secondary OMH report [fuel_stations].
- Decision
- Partner-location context only, never charger count.
Electricity and site readiness
National grid programmes do not establish workshop-quality supply.
Electricity and site readiness
| Measure | Value | Unit | Date | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population connected to reliable electricity | 36 | % | 2026 programme baseline | National constraint, not candidate-site evidence [worldbank_ascent]. |
Population connected to reliable electricity
- Value
- 36
- Unit
- %
- Date
- 2026 programme baseline
- Interpretation
- National constraint, not candidate-site evidence [worldbank_ascent].
4 more rows in the full report
Vehicle parc age and service demand
Current plug-in age evidence is missing, so service demand is gated.
Vehicle parc age and service demand
| Indicator | Value | Service Implication | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicle-parc age distribution | — | Cannot quantify out-of-warranty EV pool; obtain registration/VIN age bands. | — |
| 2020 Q3 Antananarivo used-registration share | 15 | Historical local used-flow signal only; not current plug-in age [instat_q3_2020]. | % |
| 2023 other/new customs-flow ratio | 2.094 | All-powertrain import mix suggests a repair-oriented parc, but category definition and propulsion are unresolved [vehicle_imports_2023]. | ratio |
| OEM service bundle | — | CFAO/LOXEA already offers maintenance and parts; EVS should target independent/non-warranty tasks [cfao_byd]. | — |
Vehicle-parc age distribution
- Value
- —
- Service Implication
- Cannot quantify out-of-warranty EV pool; obtain registration/VIN age bands.
- Unit
- —
2020 Q3 Antananarivo used-registration share
- Value
- 15
- Service Implication
- Historical local used-flow signal only; not current plug-in age [instat_q3_2020].
- Unit
- %
2023 other/new customs-flow ratio
- Value
- 2.094
- Service Implication
- All-powertrain import mix suggests a repair-oriented parc, but category definition and propulsion are unresolved [vehicle_imports_2023].
- Unit
- ratio
OEM service bundle
- Value
- —
- Service Implication
- CFAO/LOXEA already offers maintenance and parts; EVS should target independent/non-warranty tasks [cfao_byd].
- Unit
- —
Get the full Madagascar analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.
Transparent TAM / SAM / SOM
Sourced facts and EVS assumptions are explicitly separated.
Transparent TAM / SAM / SOM
| Level | Value | Unit | Type | Formula |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current TAM | — | active passenger/LCV plug-ins | Sourced fact unavailable | Requires active BEV + PHEV registration/VIN extract. |
| Launch threshold | 300 | active plug-ins in Antananarivo/Analamanga | EVS decision gate | Board minimum; not market estimate [evs_model]. |
| Active/available within gate | 270 | vehicles | EVS assumption | 300 × 90% [evs_model]. |
Current TAM
- Value
- —
- Unit
- active passenger/LCV plug-ins
- Type
- Sourced fact unavailable
- Formula
- Requires active BEV + PHEV registration/VIN extract.
Launch threshold
- Value
- 300
- Unit
- active plug-ins in Antananarivo/Analamanga
- Type
- EVS decision gate
- Formula
- Board minimum; not market estimate [evs_model].
Active/available within gate
- Value
- 270
- Unit
- vehicles
- Type
- EVS assumption
- Formula
- 300 × 90% [evs_model].
4 more rows in the full report
Customer segments
Target only evidence-backed, supported vehicles and tasks.
Customer segments
| Priority | Segment | Need | Validation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Antananarivo owner-drivers with independently imported EVs | Supported diagnostics, 12V, tyres/brakes/suspension, cooling/AC and pre-purchase evidence. | Matched VIN list and 20 paid/refundable bookings. |
| 2 | SMEs and professional users | Uptime, predictable pricing, mobile triage and evidence packs. | Paid fleet trial, not survey interest. |
| 3 | BYD customers outside warranty task scope | Transparent independent service and referrals. | Written OEM/warranty task matrix [cfao_byd]. |
| 4 | Used/parallel-import plug-in buyers | Battery-health screening and parts-routing transparency. | Customs/registration VIN and age data. |
1
- Segment
- Antananarivo owner-drivers with independently imported EVs
- Need
- Supported diagnostics, 12V, tyres/brakes/suspension, cooling/AC and pre-purchase evidence.
- Validation
- Matched VIN list and 20 paid/refundable bookings.
2
- Segment
- SMEs and professional users
- Need
- Uptime, predictable pricing, mobile triage and evidence packs.
- Validation
- Paid fleet trial, not survey interest.
3
- Segment
- BYD customers outside warranty task scope
- Need
- Transparent independent service and referrals.
- Validation
- Written OEM/warranty task matrix [cfao_byd].
4
- Segment
- Used/parallel-import plug-in buyers
- Need
- Battery-health screening and parts-routing transparency.
- Validation
- Customs/registration VIN and age data.
Fleet segments
Rental and taxi evidence are leads, not contracted demand.
Fleet segments
| Segment | Evidence | Route |
|---|---|---|
| LOXEA rental/fleet | Official rental/purchase offer [cfao_byd]. | Partnership or referral only; do not assume contract. |
| Taxi operators | Secondary importer claim of 15 EV taxi sales in one month [motor_show_2025]. | Verify VINs, ownership, uptime pain and paid trial. |
| Corporate/NGO/government fleets | No verified plug-in fleet count. | Tender/roster scan and paid inspection day. |
| Logistics and port users | Transport/logistics investment context, no electric fleet count [worldbank_transport]. | Toamasina second-wave interviews after Antananarivo proof. |
LOXEA rental/fleet
- Evidence
- Official rental/purchase offer [cfao_byd].
- Route
- Partnership or referral only; do not assume contract.
Taxi operators
- Evidence
- Secondary importer claim of 15 EV taxi sales in one month [motor_show_2025].
- Route
- Verify VINs, ownership, uptime pain and paid trial.
Corporate/NGO/government fleets
- Evidence
- No verified plug-in fleet count.
- Route
- Tender/roster scan and paid inspection day.
Logistics and port users
- Evidence
- Transport/logistics investment context, no electric fleet count [worldbank_transport].
- Route
- Toamasina second-wave interviews after Antananarivo proof.
Leading EV brands and models
Availability is not sales or active stock.
Leading EV brands and models
| Brand | Model | Vehicle Type | Evidence | Sales Or Stock |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BYD | Official range not enumerated in controlling corporate release | Passenger BEV | Available for rent or purchase in Antananarivo [cfao_byd]. | — |
| Other passenger BEVs | Unverified | Passenger BEV | Registry/dealer/import fieldwork required. | — |
| Passenger PHEVs | Unverified | Passenger PHEV | Customs notice covers electric-hybrid categories but does not prove market presence [customs_notice_pdf]. | — |
| Nissan | Current local range reviewed | No verified current EV model on official market page | Presence check only [nissan_mg]. | — |
BYD
- Model
- Official range not enumerated in controlling corporate release
- Vehicle Type
- Passenger BEV
- Evidence
- Available for rent or purchase in Antananarivo [cfao_byd].
- Sales Or Stock
- —
Other passenger BEVs
- Model
- Unverified
- Vehicle Type
- Passenger BEV
- Evidence
- Registry/dealer/import fieldwork required.
- Sales Or Stock
- —
Passenger PHEVs
- Model
- Unverified
- Vehicle Type
- Passenger PHEV
- Evidence
- Customs notice covers electric-hybrid categories but does not prove market presence [customs_notice_pdf].
- Sales Or Stock
- —
Nissan
- Model
- Current local range reviewed
- Vehicle Type
- No verified current EV model on official market page
- Evidence
- Presence check only [nissan_mg].
- Sales Or Stock
- —
Get the full Madagascar analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.
Independent competitors
Counts and EV/HV capability require field audit.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Independent competitors
| Type | Verified Count | Capability | Response |
|---|---|---|---|
| General independent workshops | — | EV/HV capability not verified | Map 20 Antananarivo workshops; inspect tools, safety, software, quality and referrals. |
| Tyre/alignment/brake specialists | — | Cross-powertrain overlap likely | Partner where equipment calibration and records pass. |
General independent workshops
- Verified Count
- —
- Capability
- EV/HV capability not verified
- Response
- Map 20 Antananarivo workshops; inspect tools, safety, software, quality and referrals.
Tyre/alignment/brake specialists
- Verified Count
- —
- Capability
- Cross-powertrain overlap likely
- Response
- Partner where equipment calibration and records pass.
2 more rows in the full report
Priority cities and regions
Antananarivo/Analamanga is the only fixed pilot catchment.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Priority cities and regions
| Priority | Region | Case | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Antananarivo / Analamanga | Official BYD/LOXEA showroom, taxi demand signal and largest reported fuel-station concentration. | Only fixed pilot catchment [cfao_byd][motor_show_2025][fuel_stations]. |
1
- Region
- Antananarivo / Analamanga
- Case
- Official BYD/LOXEA showroom, taxi demand signal and largest reported fuel-station concentration.
- Decision
- Only fixed pilot catchment [cfao_byd][motor_show_2025][fuel_stations].
4 more rows in the full report
Consumer and vehicle incentives
The official new-EV exemption has an inspection and advance-classification process.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Consumer and vehicle incentives
| Measure | Status | Caveat |
|---|---|---|
| New electric/electric-hybrid vehicle exemption | Official Customs notice confirms duties-and-taxes exemption for qualifying new vehicles. | SGS inspection and an advance tariff-classification decision are mandatory [customs_notice_pdf]. |
| Eligible tariff headings | 8702.21, 8702.31, 8702.40, 8703.60, 8703.70 and 8703.80. | VIN, vehicle condition and hybridization degree control classification [customs_notice_pdf]. |
New electric/electric-hybrid vehicle exemption
- Status
- Official Customs notice confirms duties-and-taxes exemption for qualifying new vehicles.
- Caveat
- SGS inspection and an advance tariff-classification decision are mandatory [customs_notice_pdf].
Eligible tariff headings
- Status
- 8702.21, 8702.31, 8702.40, 8703.60, 8703.70 and 8703.80.
- Caveat
- VIN, vehicle condition and hybridization degree control classification [customs_notice_pdf].
3 more rows in the full report
Business and investment incentives
The capped pilot assumes no investment-code benefit.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Business and investment incentives
| Instrument | Benefit | Model |
|---|---|---|
| Investment Law No. 2023-002 | Freedom/equal-treatment framework and EDBM facilitation. | No automatic tax or cash benefit assumed [investment_law]. |
| EDBM/Orinasa company formation | Centralized online incorporation route. | Obtain current certificate, fee and timing pack [edbm_creation]. |
Investment Law No. 2023-002
- Benefit
- Freedom/equal-treatment framework and EDBM facilitation.
- Model
- No automatic tax or cash benefit assumed [investment_law].
EDBM/Orinasa company formation
- Benefit
- Centralized online incorporation route.
- Model
- Obtain current certificate, fee and timing pack [edbm_creation].
2 more rows in the full report
Tax snapshot
Professional summaries are indicative; written Madagascar advice controls.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Tax snapshot
| Item | Reported | Model |
|---|---|---|
| Corporate income tax | 20% under the real regime above the stated turnover threshold | Professional summary only; obtain DGI/local written treatment [pwc_cit][dgi]. |
| VAT | 20% standard | Economics are VAT-exclusive; confirm registration, invoicing and recovery [pwc_vat][dgi]. |
Corporate income tax
- Reported
- 20% under the real regime above the stated turnover threshold
- Model
- Professional summary only; obtain DGI/local written treatment [pwc_cit][dgi].
VAT
- Reported
- 20% standard
- Model
- Economics are VAT-exclusive; confirm registration, invoicing and recovery [pwc_vat][dgi].
3 more rows in the full report
Entity, licensing and premises
All material approvals are pre-launch gates.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Entity, licensing and premises
| Area | Requirement | Gate |
|---|---|---|
| Entity/RCS/NIF/STAT | Create local entity/establishment and obtain tax/statistical registrations. | EDBM/Orinasa certificate pack [edbm_creation]. |
| Municipality / land use / occupancy | Parcel-specific lawful workshop use, building, signage, access and nuisance controls. | Written commune/land-use approval before lease. |
Entity/RCS/NIF/STAT
- Requirement
- Create local entity/establishment and obtain tax/statistical registrations.
- Gate
- EDBM/Orinasa certificate pack [edbm_creation].
Municipality / land use / occupancy
- Requirement
- Parcel-specific lawful workshop use, building, signage, access and nuisance controls.
- Gate
- Written commune/land-use approval before lease.
3 more rows in the full report
High-voltage and workshop safety
International standards are benchmarks, not proof of national adoption.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
High-voltage and workshop safety
| Control | Minimum | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Competence | Two assessed technicians; task-level authorization; supervised practical assessment and rescue drill. | No Madagascar-specific EV/HV technician credential was verified. |
| Safe state | Identify, isolate, lock/tag, prove dead, secure keys and record re-energization. | Manufacturer procedures plus ISO/UNECE benchmarks [iso_6469][un_r100]. |
| Equipment | Rated PPE/tools, CAT-rated meter/proving unit, barriers, rescue hook and inspection logs. | National law, engineer and insurer requirements control. |
| EVSE | Licensed electrical contractor; no energized charger repair by vehicle technicians. | IEC 61851 and ISO 17409 benchmarks [iec_61851][iso_17409]. |
| Power resilience | UPS/conditioning for diagnostics; controlled outage procedure; safe isolation during unstable supply. | Outage evidence makes site logging mandatory [imf_electricity]. |
| Software/cybersecurity | Lawful subscriptions, consent and audit trail; no unsupported security bypass. | Supported VIN/task matrix required. |
Competence
- Minimum
- Two assessed technicians; task-level authorization; supervised practical assessment and rescue drill.
- Status
- No Madagascar-specific EV/HV technician credential was verified.
Safe state
- Minimum
- Identify, isolate, lock/tag, prove dead, secure keys and record re-energization.
- Status
- Manufacturer procedures plus ISO/UNECE benchmarks [iso_6469][un_r100].
Equipment
- Minimum
- Rated PPE/tools, CAT-rated meter/proving unit, barriers, rescue hook and inspection logs.
- Status
- National law, engineer and insurer requirements control.
EVSE
- Minimum
- Licensed electrical contractor; no energized charger repair by vehicle technicians.
- Status
- IEC 61851 and ISO 17409 benchmarks [iec_61851][iso_17409].
Power resilience
- Minimum
- UPS/conditioning for diagnostics; controlled outage procedure; safe isolation during unstable supply.
- Status
- Outage evidence makes site logging mandatory [imf_electricity].
Software/cybersecurity
- Minimum
- Lawful subscriptions, consent and audit trail; no unsupported security bypass.
- Status
- Supported VIN/task matrix required.
Battery, waste and transport
Traction-battery custody is out of launch scope.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Battery, waste and transport
| Stream | Launch Rule | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| 12V batteries, tyres, fluids and e-waste | Named authorized collector/recipient, segregation and manifests before first job. | ONE/MECIE and Ministry waste route [mecie][one][medd_brs]. |
| Damaged traction battery/module | No custody, opening, storage, carriage or export before classification, fire plan, insurer, carrier and recipient. | National route plus UN/Basel frameworks [medd_brs][un_tests][basel]. |
12V batteries, tyres, fluids and e-waste
- Launch Rule
- Named authorized collector/recipient, segregation and manifests before first job.
- Evidence
- ONE/MECIE and Ministry waste route [mecie][one][medd_brs].
Damaged traction battery/module
- Launch Rule
- No custody, opening, storage, carriage or export before classification, fire plan, insurer, carrier and recipient.
- Evidence
- National route plus UN/Basel frameworks [medd_brs][un_tests][basel].
2 more rows in the full report
Data, consumer and warranty controls
Operate transparently as independent and protect VIN/customer/telemetry data.
Data, consumer and warranty controls
| Area | Control | Gate |
|---|---|---|
| Personal data | Purpose, minimization, legal basis/consent, access, retention, security and vendor controls for VIN/customer/telemetry. | Law 2014-038 compliance file [data_law]. |
| Prior formalities / DPO | Map declaration/authorization and DPO/registry requirements before processing. | Written CMIL/government route [data_law]. |
| Cross-border diagnostic data | Map recipients and transfer safeguards before OEM/cloud upload. | Data-transfer determination [data_law]. |
| Consumer status | Disclose independent status, quote, parts provenance, warranty, rework and dispute route. | Counsel-approved French/Malagasy terms. |
| OEM warranty | Do not represent EVS as BYD-authorized; refer warranty/recall work. | VIN/task/warranty matrix and referral script [cfao_byd]. |
Personal data
- Control
- Purpose, minimization, legal basis/consent, access, retention, security and vendor controls for VIN/customer/telemetry.
- Gate
- Law 2014-038 compliance file [data_law].
Prior formalities / DPO
- Control
- Map declaration/authorization and DPO/registry requirements before processing.
- Gate
- Written CMIL/government route [data_law].
Cross-border diagnostic data
- Control
- Map recipients and transfer safeguards before OEM/cloud upload.
- Gate
- Data-transfer determination [data_law].
Consumer status
- Control
- Disclose independent status, quote, parts provenance, warranty, rework and dispute route.
- Gate
- Counsel-approved French/Malagasy terms.
OEM warranty
- Control
- Do not represent EVS as BYD-authorized; refer warranty/recall work.
- Gate
- VIN/task/warranty matrix and referral script [cfao_byd].
Recommended service portfolio
Launch with non-invasive and cross-powertrain work.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Recommended service portfolio
| Phase | Services | Boundary |
|---|---|---|
| Launch | OBD scan/report; non-invasive thermal/SOH screening; 12V; tyres/alignment; brakes; suspension; cooling/AC; pre-purchase; fleet inspection | Supported VIN/tasks only; no implied OEM authorization. |
| After evidence | Selected de-energized HV components and vehicle-side charging diagnosis | Written training, tools, parts, insurer and emergency route. |
| Mobile | Controlled fleet inspection and non-invasive triage | No energized HV repair or unsafe roadside work. |
| Hold | Pack opening/removal/storage/shipping; collision structure; unsupported coding; ADAS calibration without validated equipment | Separate approvals and capability gate. |
Launch
- Services
- OBD scan/report; non-invasive thermal/SOH screening; 12V; tyres/alignment; brakes; suspension; cooling/AC; pre-purchase; fleet inspection
- Boundary
- Supported VIN/tasks only; no implied OEM authorization.
After evidence
- Services
- Selected de-energized HV components and vehicle-side charging diagnosis
- Boundary
- Written training, tools, parts, insurer and emergency route.
Mobile
- Services
- Controlled fleet inspection and non-invasive triage
- Boundary
- No energized HV repair or unsafe roadside work.
Hold
- Services
- Pack opening/removal/storage/shipping; collision structure; unsupported coding; ADAS calibration without validated equipment
- Boundary
- Separate approvals and capability gate.
Operating model
Use one reversible partner bay with low inventory and measured power.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Operating model
| Component | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Format | One managed bay inside an existing compliant Antananarivo workshop; mobile triage within controlled scope. |
| Commercial | MGA menu pricing, deposits and bilingual consent; no consumer-financing assumption. |
| Inventory | Fast-moving consumables only; parts ordered against VIN/deposit; no traction-pack inventory. |
| Quality | Digital intake, before/after scan, photo/thermal evidence, torque/inspection checklists and referral log. |
| Power | Logged supply, dedicated protection/earthing, UPS/conditioning and controlled outage workflow [imf_electricity]. |
| Data | Law 2014-038 file, role access, retention schedule, encrypted transfer and vendor contracts [data_law]. |
Format
- Recommendation
- One managed bay inside an existing compliant Antananarivo workshop; mobile triage within controlled scope.
Commercial
- Recommendation
- MGA menu pricing, deposits and bilingual consent; no consumer-financing assumption.
Inventory
- Recommendation
- Fast-moving consumables only; parts ordered against VIN/deposit; no traction-pack inventory.
Quality
- Recommendation
- Digital intake, before/after scan, photo/thermal evidence, torque/inspection checklists and referral log.
Power
- Recommendation
- Logged supply, dedicated protection/earthing, UPS/conditioning and controlled outage workflow [imf_electricity].
Data
- Recommendation
- Law 2014-038 file, role access, retention schedule, encrypted transfer and vendor contracts [data_law].
Franchise pathway
Standalone conversion is deferred until evidence and payback gates pass.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Franchise pathway
| Stage | Model | Commitment |
|---|---|---|
| 0–90 days | Managed partner clinic | Reversible capex ≤MGA80m; no long lease, exclusivity or traction-pack inventory. |
| Post-pilot | Licensed service cell | Only after continuation gate and twelve-month evidence; task/VIN boundary remains. |
| Standalone franchise | Deferred | Requires verified active stock, sustained jobs, lawful waste route, stable power and ≤3-year base payback. |
0–90 days
- Model
- Managed partner clinic
- Commitment
- Reversible capex ≤MGA80m; no long lease, exclusivity or traction-pack inventory.
Post-pilot
- Model
- Licensed service cell
- Commitment
- Only after continuation gate and twelve-month evidence; task/VIN boundary remains.
Standalone franchise
- Model
- Deferred
- Commitment
- Requires verified active stock, sustained jobs, lawful waste route, stable power and ≤3-year base payback.
Pilot economics: annual steady state
All values are EVS assumptions in nominal MGA, VAT-exclusive and pre-tax.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Pilot economics: annual steady state
| Scenario | Jobs | Aro Mga | Gross Margin Pct | Opex Mga | Revenue Mga | Gross Profit Mga | Ebitda Mga | Payback Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cautious | 35 | 700,000 | 55 | 18,000,000 | 24,500,000 | 13,475,000 | -4,525,000 | — |
Cautious
- Jobs
- 35
- Aro Mga
- 700,000
- Gross Margin Pct
- 55
- Opex Mga
- 18,000,000
- Revenue Mga
- 24,500,000
- Gross Profit Mga
- 13,475,000
- Ebitda Mga
- -4,525,000
- Payback Years
- —
2 more rows in the full report
Pilot economics: 90 days
The base continuation case requires 20 paid jobs and positive EBITDA.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Pilot economics: 90 days
| Scenario | Jobs 90d | Aro Mga | Gross Margin Pct | Opex Mga | Revenue Mga | Gross Profit Mga | Ebitda Mga |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cautious | 9 | 700,000 | 55 | 4,500,000 | 6,300,000 | 3,465,000 | -1,035,000 |
Cautious
- Jobs 90d
- 9
- Aro Mga
- 700,000
- Gross Margin Pct
- 55
- Opex Mga
- 4,500,000
- Revenue Mga
- 6,300,000
- Gross Profit Mga
- 3,465,000
- Ebitda Mga
- -1,035,000
2 more rows in the full report
Risks
Critical uncertainties are treated as gates rather than hidden inputs.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Risks
| Risk | Likelihood | Impact | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Passenger plug-in denominator absent | High | Critical | Matched registration/customs/dealer VIN extract; executable SOM zero. |
| Customs releases mistaken for active EV stock | High | Critical | Keep flow, registration and active-stock definitions separate [vehicle_imports_2023]. |
| OEM/warranty capture | High | High | Non-warranty scope, lawful tools and CFAO/LOXEA referral [cfao_byd]. |
| Public charging claimed but unaudited | High | High | Operator/site/connector audit; published count remains null [jovena][motor_show_2025]. |
| Power outages/quality | High | High | Logger test, UPS/conditioning and outage workflow [imf_electricity]. |
| Customs process delay/interpretation | Medium | High | SGS and advance decision before customer promise [customs_notice_pdf]. |
| No authorized battery recipient | High | Critical | No battery custody before signed route. |
| Safety/fire/electric shock | Low | Critical | No pack work; competence, isolation, rescue and insurer controls. |
| Data regulator/formality uncertainty | Medium | Medium | Written government/CMIL route before processing [data_law]. |
| Paid demand below gate | High | High | Deposits, fleet trial and day-90 stop. |
Passenger plug-in denominator absent
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- Critical
- Mitigation
- Matched registration/customs/dealer VIN extract; executable SOM zero.
Customs releases mistaken for active EV stock
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- Critical
- Mitigation
- Keep flow, registration and active-stock definitions separate [vehicle_imports_2023].
OEM/warranty capture
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- Non-warranty scope, lawful tools and CFAO/LOXEA referral [cfao_byd].
Public charging claimed but unaudited
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- Operator/site/connector audit; published count remains null [jovena][motor_show_2025].
Power outages/quality
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- Logger test, UPS/conditioning and outage workflow [imf_electricity].
Customs process delay/interpretation
- Likelihood
- Medium
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- SGS and advance decision before customer promise [customs_notice_pdf].
No authorized battery recipient
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- Critical
- Mitigation
- No battery custody before signed route.
Safety/fire/electric shock
- Likelihood
- Low
- Impact
- Critical
- Mitigation
- No pack work; competence, isolation, rescue and insurer controls.
Data regulator/formality uncertainty
- Likelihood
- Medium
- Impact
- Medium
- Mitigation
- Written government/CMIL route before processing [data_law].
Paid demand below gate
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- Deposits, fleet trial and day-90 stop.
Mitigations and stop rules
Reversible scope and explicit stops protect capital and safety.
Mitigations and stop rules
| Trigger | Action | Owner |
|---|---|---|
| <300 matched active Analamanga plug-ins | Do not launch fixed service cell; continue monitoring only. | EVS board |
| No compliant waste recipient or fire/insurer sign-off | Exclude traction-battery custody and pack work. | Country lead / HV lead |
| Site power fails capacity/quality tests | Reject site or fund bounded remediation before tooling. | Engineer / board |
| Fewer than 20 paid jobs in 90 days | Stop or revert to mobile diagnostics only. | Pilot manager |
| Rework >5% or any HV/fire event | Pause service, investigate and retrain; board restart approval. | Quality/HV lead |
| Base payback >3 years after twelve months | No standalone conversion. | Finance / board |
<300 matched active Analamanga plug-ins
- Action
- Do not launch fixed service cell; continue monitoring only.
- Owner
- EVS board
No compliant waste recipient or fire/insurer sign-off
- Action
- Exclude traction-battery custody and pack work.
- Owner
- Country lead / HV lead
Site power fails capacity/quality tests
- Action
- Reject site or fund bounded remediation before tooling.
- Owner
- Engineer / board
Fewer than 20 paid jobs in 90 days
- Action
- Stop or revert to mobile diagnostics only.
- Owner
- Pilot manager
Rework >5% or any HV/fire event
- Action
- Pause service, investigate and retrain; board restart approval.
- Owner
- Quality/HV lead
Base payback >3 years after twelve months
- Action
- No standalone conversion.
- Owner
- Finance / board
90-day entry plan
Evidence, compliance, power and capability close before fixed commitment.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
90-day entry plan
| Days | Objective | Actions | Owner | Deliverable |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–15 | Definitions and law | Obtain matched registration/customs/dealer VIN extract; commission entity/tax/customs/labour/workshop/fire/MECIE/waste/data/insurance matrices. | EVS board / Madagascar counsel | Evidence and compliance file. |
0–15
- Objective
- Definitions and law
- Actions
- Obtain matched registration/customs/dealer VIN extract; commission entity/tax/customs/labour/workshop/fire/MECIE/waste/data/insurance matrices.
- Owner
- EVS board / Madagascar counsel
- Deliverable
- Evidence and compliance file.
4 more rows in the full report
Explicit go / no-go gates
All gates must pass; one material failure stops launch.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Explicit go / no-go gates
| Gate | Go | No Go |
|---|---|---|
| Market denominator | Matched extract proves at least 300 active passenger/light-commercial BEV/PHEVs in Antananarivo/Analamanga, separately classified. | Count below 300 or propulsion/class/region/active status unavailable. |
Market denominator
- Go
- Matched extract proves at least 300 active passenger/light-commercial BEV/PHEVs in Antananarivo/Analamanga, separately classified.
- No Go
- Count below 300 or propulsion/class/region/active status unavailable.
7 more rows in the full report
Methodology
Evidence precedence, definitions, assumptions and validation are auditable.
Methodology
| Step | Method |
|---|---|
| Define market | Passenger/light-commercial BEV and PHEV only for four-wheel TAM; exclude HEV, motorcycles, dealer inventory, customs releases and announcements unless matched to active registrations. |
| Prioritize evidence | Official/primary sources first; corporate evidence for launches; secondary reporting only where official numeric extraction was unavailable. |
| Reconcile definitions | Separate customs release, registration, active stock, brand presence, taxi claim, charger announcement, connector and fuel station. |
| Size opportunity | Current TAM null; gate SAM uses explicit assumptions; executable SOM zero. |
| Forecast | Three annual-import share sensitivities against a static 2023 all-powertrain flow; no stock accumulation, scrappage, used-import or policy effect claimed. |
| Economics | Nominal MGA, VAT-exclusive, pre-tax, no finance, FX conversion or incentive benefit; simple payback only when EBITDA is positive. |
| Validation | Reparse JSON; root/schema/brand/source/citation/calculation/residue checks; duplicate search before Library create. |
Define market
- Method
- Passenger/light-commercial BEV and PHEV only for four-wheel TAM; exclude HEV, motorcycles, dealer inventory, customs releases and announcements unless matched to active registrations.
Prioritize evidence
- Method
- Official/primary sources first; corporate evidence for launches; secondary reporting only where official numeric extraction was unavailable.
Reconcile definitions
- Method
- Separate customs release, registration, active stock, brand presence, taxi claim, charger announcement, connector and fuel station.
Size opportunity
- Method
- Current TAM null; gate SAM uses explicit assumptions; executable SOM zero.
Forecast
- Method
- Three annual-import share sensitivities against a static 2023 all-powertrain flow; no stock accumulation, scrappage, used-import or policy effect claimed.
Economics
- Method
- Nominal MGA, VAT-exclusive, pre-tax, no finance, FX conversion or incentive benefit; simple payback only when EBITDA is positive.
Validation
- Method
- Reparse JSON; root/schema/brand/source/citation/calculation/residue checks; duplicate search before Library create.
Evidence gaps and closure plan
Missing data is recorded with a specific closure action.
Evidence gaps and closure plan
| Gap | Impact | Closure |
|---|---|---|
| Annual BEV/PHEV registrations by class | Cannot build national adoption history or flow forecast. | Registration/Customs extract with propulsion, class and year. |
| Active passenger/LCV plug-in stock by region | Current TAM/SAM cannot be measured. | Matched active VIN extract for Analamanga and national total. |
| Used/parallel-import plug-in flow and age | Out-of-warranty demand unknown. | Customs/registration VIN and first-registration data. |
| Commissioned public passenger-EV connectors | Charging coverage and partner mapping unknown. | Operator list plus physical audit: site, connector, power, status, access, tariff and uptime. |
| Independent workshop EV capability/count | Competitive density unknown. | Twenty-workshop Antananarivo field audit. |
| Vehicle-parc age distribution | Service intensity/out-of-warranty share unknown. | Registration age bands by class/propulsion. |
| Authorized traction-battery recipient and carrier | Battery custody and pack work prohibited. | Written ONE/competent-authority classification and signed recipient/carrier route. |
| Site power capacity and quality | Equipment uptime and safety unresolved. | Seven-day logger test, load study, earthing/protection audit and tariff/bill review. |
Annual BEV/PHEV registrations by class
- Impact
- Cannot build national adoption history or flow forecast.
- Closure
- Registration/Customs extract with propulsion, class and year.
Active passenger/LCV plug-in stock by region
- Impact
- Current TAM/SAM cannot be measured.
- Closure
- Matched active VIN extract for Analamanga and national total.
Used/parallel-import plug-in flow and age
- Impact
- Out-of-warranty demand unknown.
- Closure
- Customs/registration VIN and first-registration data.
Commissioned public passenger-EV connectors
- Impact
- Charging coverage and partner mapping unknown.
- Closure
- Operator list plus physical audit: site, connector, power, status, access, tariff and uptime.
Independent workshop EV capability/count
- Impact
- Competitive density unknown.
- Closure
- Twenty-workshop Antananarivo field audit.
Vehicle-parc age distribution
- Impact
- Service intensity/out-of-warranty share unknown.
- Closure
- Registration age bands by class/propulsion.
Authorized traction-battery recipient and carrier
- Impact
- Battery custody and pack work prohibited.
- Closure
- Written ONE/competent-authority classification and signed recipient/carrier route.
Site power capacity and quality
- Impact
- Equipment uptime and safety unresolved.
- Closure
- Seven-day logger test, load study, earthing/protection audit and tariff/bill review.
Complete linked source register
Every source records publisher, publication date where available and access date.
Complete linked source register
| Source Id | Publisher | Publication Date | Accessed At | Href | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| customs_notice | Madagascar Directorate-General of Customs | 2025-05-08 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.douanes.gov.mg/avis-public/modalites-dapplication-de-lexemption-des-droits-et-taxes-pour-les-vehicules-et-motos-electriques-vehicules-electriques-hybrides-neufs-suivant-la-loi-de-finances-2023/ | Official landing page for Public Notice No. 082-2025. The benefit is subject to inspection and an advance tariff-classification decision. |
| customs_notice_pdf | Madagascar Directorate-General of Customs | 2025-05-08 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.douanes.gov.mg/srcs/uploads/2025/05/N%C2%B0082-2025-MEF-SC-DGD-DLV-STDA.pdf | Controlling notice: new electric/electric-hybrid vehicles and new electric motorcycles are exempt; SGS inspection and an advance tariff decision are mandatory. |
| customs_dashboard_2025 | Madagascar Directorate-General of Customs | 2025-12-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.douanes.gov.mg/stat/tableau-de-bord-de-la-direction-generale-des-douanes-decembre-2025/ | Official statistics route. Public dashboard includes vehicles released for consumption, but no reliable propulsion/class extract was obtained for this report. |
| customs_etariff | Madagascar Directorate-General of Customs | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.douanes.gov.mg/centre-dinformation/ | Official route for tariff, customs code and advance-classification decisions. Written VIN/HS treatment controls landed-cost pricing. |
| vehicle_imports_2023 | 2424.mg citing Madagascar Customs | 2024-08-17 | 2026-08-11 | https://2424.mg/importation-plus-de-4-600-vehicules-neufs-mis-a-la-consommation-en-2023/ | Secondary report of official dashboard figures: 4,606 new and 9,647 other vehicles in 2023 versus 4,994 new and 6,798 other vehicles in 2022. No propulsion split or active-stock status. |
| instat_q3_2019 | INSTAT Madagascar | 2019-10-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.instat.mg/p/immatriculation-de-vehicules-dantananarivo-3eme-trim-2019 | Official historical quarterly flow: 3,185 newly registered vehicles; 41.1% passenger cars. Not national or propulsion-specific. |
| instat_q4_2019 | INSTAT Madagascar | 2020-01-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.instat.mg/p/immatriculation-de-vehicules-dantananarivo-4eme-trimestre-2019 | Official historical quarterly flow: 2,300 newly registered vehicles; 63.8% described as new. Not a current EV series. |
| instat_q3_2020 | INSTAT Madagascar | 2020-10-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.instat.mg/p/immatriculation-de-vehicules-dantananarivo-3eme-trimestre-2020 | Official historical quarterly flow: 1,463 registrations, 83% new, 15% used and 2.1% province transfers. No propulsion split. |
| instat_q4_2020 | INSTAT Madagascar | 2021-01-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.instat.mg/p/immatriculation-de-vehicules-dantananarivo-4eme-trimestre-2020 | Official historical quarterly flow: 4,432 registrations versus 1,463 in Q3; the source notes pandemic-related processing effects. |
| cfao_byd | CFAO Group | 2024-10-10 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.cfaogroup.com/en/loxea-becomes-the-pioneer-of-electric-solutions-in-madagascar/ | Official corporate evidence: LOXEA offers 100% electric BYD vehicles for rental or purchase at Alaria plus charger installation, solar, servicing, assistance, maintenance and parts. No volume. |
| cfao_byd_fr | CFAO Group | 2024-10-10 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.cfaogroup.com/fr/loxea-devient-le-pionnier-des-solutions-electriques-a-madagascar/ | French corporate corroboration of the market entry and service bundle; not a registration, stock or charging census. |
| motor_show_2025 | L’Express de Madagascar via allAfrica | 2025-09-25 | 2026-08-11 | https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202509250159.html | Secondary report quotes an importer saying 15 EVs were sold in one month for taxi use and claims a national JOVENA charging network. Both require primary transaction/site verification. |
| jovena | JOVENA Madagascar | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.jovena.mg/ | Operator website reviewed for public charging evidence. No dated site list, connector count, power, access, tariff or uptime inventory was located. |
| nissan_mg | Nissan Madagascar | — | 2026-08-11 | https://nissan.mg/ | Official current market-presence page reviewed; no EV model or EV-capable service-volume claim was inferred. |
| omh | OMH Madagascar | — | 2026-08-11 | https://omh.mg/ | Official petroleum-sector regulator route. Fuel-station presence is not evidence of commissioned EV charging. |
| fuel_stations | 2424.mg citing OMH | 2025-02-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://2424.mg/distribution-petroliere-la-revision-des-textes-regissant-la-construction-et-lexploitation-des-stations-services-en-gestation/ | Secondary report citing OMH: 336 fuel stations, including 107 in Analamanga. Used only for corridor/partner context, never as charger count. |
| worldbank_ascent | World Bank | 2026-05-06 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2026/05/06/madagascar-new-world-bank-program-set-to-provide-reliable-and-affordable-energy-to-over-2-5-million-people-by-2030 | US$250m ASCENT programme; reports 36% connected to reliable electricity and planned grid/off-grid expansion. Targets are not current workshop supply. |
| imf_electricity | International Monetary Fund | 2025-03-31 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.imf.org/en/publications/selected-issues-papers/issues/2025/03/31/the-electricity-sector-and-jirama-republic-of-madagascar-565708 | Official analysis: 36% electricity access and recurrent outages, averaging six hours/day in Antananarivo in October 2024. Site tests still control. |
| imf_review | International Monetary Fund | 2025-02-26 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2025/02/26/pr-2544-madagascar-imf-completes-1st-rev-under-ecf-rsf-and-concludes-2024-art-iv-consultation | Official macro vintage: 4.2% estimated growth in 2024 and 4.6% projected in 2025; downside risks and JIRAMA reform remain material. |
| imf_second_review | International Monetary Fund | 2025-07-03 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2025/07/03/pr-25239-madagascar-imf-completes-2nd-rev-under-ecf-and-rsf-arrang | Official update notes adoption of a JIRAMA recovery plan and pervasive electricity disruptions; not an EV-demand input. |
| worldbank_transport | World Bank | 2026-04-28 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2026/04/28/madagascar-s-transport-infrastructure-gets-a-major-boost-with-world-bank-group-support | US$200m multimodal transport/logistics project and US$1.1bn total World Bank transport financing context. No electric-bus or EV fleet count is asserted. |
| meh_prirtem | Ministry of Energy and Hydrocarbons, Madagascar | — | 2026-08-11 | https://meh.mg/prirtem/ | Official project page describes Antananarivo–Toamasina and Antananarivo–Antsirabe transmission works. Project scope is not site readiness. |
| meh_tmr | Ministry of Energy and Hydrocarbons, Madagascar | 2024-08-07 | 2026-08-11 | https://meh.mg/tetikasa-tana-medium-ring/ | Official project announcement: eight substations and 185 km of 90 kV line are planned for Analamanga and connected regions. Announced infrastructure is not commissioned supply. |
| meh_decim | Ministry of Energy and Hydrocarbons, Madagascar | 2025-11-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://meh.mg/decim-2/ | Official project announcement: 52 localities in seven regions and more than 225,000 people targeted within 24 months. This is a target, not current access. |
| ader | ADER Madagascar | — | 2026-08-11 | https://ader.mg/ | Official rural-electrification agency route. No candidate-site power-quality conclusion is drawn. |
| ore_tariff | Electricity Regulation Office, Madagascar | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.ore.mg/jargon.html | Official tariff terminology includes BT 380/220/110 V and MT categories; actual service capacity, phase availability and power quality require engineering tests. |
| edbm | EDBM | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.edbm.mg/ | Official investment-promotion and facilitation route. |
| edbm_creation | EDBM | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.edbm.mg/creation-de-societe/ | Official online Orinasa route and legal-form guidance for SARL, SA, SARLU and civil companies. Obtain a current certificate/fee pack. |
| investment_law | UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub / Government of Madagascar | 2023-07-27 | 2026-08-11 | https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-laws/laws/367/madagascar-madagascar-investment-law-2023 | Text establishes freedom/equal treatment principles and confirms EDBM as the investment-promotion agency; it does not automatically confer pilot tax benefits. |
| dgi | DGI Madagascar | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.impots.mg/ | Official tax-administration route. Current written treatment controls tax and filing decisions. |
| pwc_cit | PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries | 2025-11-18 | 2026-08-11 | https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/madagascar/corporate/taxes-on-corporate-income | Professional summary: 20% CIT under the real regime above the stated turnover threshold. Indicative only; current DGI/local advice controls. |
| pwc_vat | PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries | 2025-11-18 | 2026-08-11 | https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/madagascar/corporate/other-taxes | Professional summary: standard VAT 20%; employer social-security contribution capped at 13% of eight times the legal minimum salary. Obtain written classification. |
| cnaps | CNaPS | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.cnaps.mg/ | Official social-security administration route. |
| cnaps_payment | CNaPS | 2025-06-27 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.cnaps.mg/fr/actualite/cnaps-impact-l-innovation-sociale-en-action | Official evidence that employers can pay contributions via online declaration and mobile payment. Rates/classification still require CNaPS confirmation. |
| labour_code | ILO NATLEX / Government of Madagascar | 2004-07-28 | 2026-08-11 | https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=70303 | Official-law repository summary: hygiene, safety, work environment, occupational medicine and inspection are covered. Confirm later amendments and application. |
| ilo_ratification | International Labour Organization | 2023-06-20 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.ilo.org/fr/resource/actualites/madagascar-ratifie-trois-conventions-de-loit-sur-la-securite-et-la-sante-au | C155, C161 and C187 entered into force for Madagascar on 15 June 2024; this does not create an EV/HV technician credential. |
| ilo_profile | International Labour Organization | 2023-03-24 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.ilo.org/fr/publications/profil-national-de-securite-et-sante-au-travail-de-madagascar | Tripartite-validated national OSH profile; use as compliance context, not substitute for site risk assessment. |
| mecie | Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Madagascar | 2025-01-28 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.environnement.mg/documents/fixant-les-regles-et-procedures-de-levaluation-environnementale-et-sociale-pour-la-mise-en-compatibilite-des-investissements-avec-lenvironnement-ou-mecie/ | Current official environmental-screening framework. Obtain written ONE categorisation and permit/non-requirement before site commitment. |
| one | Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Madagascar | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.environnement.mg/organisme-rattache/office-national-pour-lenvironnement/ | Official description of ONE as the MECIE implementation body and environmental one-stop shop. |
| data_law | Digital Governance Unit / CNLEGIS | 2015-01-09 | 2026-08-11 | https://digital.gov.mg/en/2022/07/05/loi-n-2014-038-sur-la-protection-des-donnees-a-caractere-personnel/ | Official republication: processing in Madagascar is covered; declaration/authorization, rights, security, DPO and transfer rules apply. Confirm CMIL operating route. |
| medd_brs | Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Madagascar | 2025-05-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.environnement.mg/actualites/madagascar-reaffirme-son-engagement-pour-une-gestion-durable-des-produits-chimiques-et-dechets-aux-conferences-brs-a-geneve/ | Official policy evidence on hazardous chemicals/waste conventions. It does not identify an authorized traction-battery recipient. |
| basel_madagascar | Basel Convention Secretariat | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.basel.int/Countries/Countryfactsheets/tabid/1293/ItemId/2458/Default.aspx | Official Convention-country route. Current competent-authority approvals govern hazardous-waste movements. |
| iso_6469 | ISO | 2021-01-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.iso.org/standard/45477.html | International benchmark; Madagascar adoption/legal effect is not assumed. |
| iso_17409 | ISO | 2020-01-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.iso.org/standard/68474.html | International EV power-transfer benchmark; local electrical approval controls. |
| iec_61851 | IEC | 2017-02-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 | International EVSE benchmark; not a Madagascar permit or electrician licence. |
| un_r100 | UNECE | 2022-03-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://unece.org/transport/documents/2022/03/standards/un-regulation-no-100-rev3 | Vehicle electric-powertrain safety benchmark; national applicability requires confirmation. |
| un_tests | UNECE | — | 2026-08-11 | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/rev8-files | Battery transport test framework; carrier, routing and competent-authority approvals remain necessary. |
| ilo_osh | International Labour Organization | 2001-01-01 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.ilo.org/resource/other/guidelines-occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-ilo-osh-2001 | Management-system benchmark; not a substitute for Madagascar labour and OSH law. |
| basel | Basel Convention Secretariat | — | 2026-08-11 | https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/1275/Default.aspx | International hazardous-waste movement framework; national competent-authority procedures control. |
| evs_model | EVS Worldwide | 2026-08-11 | 2026-08-11 | https://www.evsworldwide.com/ | All assumptions, gates, sensitivities and economics are EVS decision inputs, not sourced market facts. |
customs_notice
- Publisher
- Madagascar Directorate-General of Customs
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-08
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.douanes.gov.mg/avis-public/modalites-dapplication-de-lexemption-des-droits-et-taxes-pour-les-vehicules-et-motos-electriques-vehicules-electriques-hybrides-neufs-suivant-la-loi-de-finances-2023/
- Role
- Official landing page for Public Notice No. 082-2025. The benefit is subject to inspection and an advance tariff-classification decision.
customs_notice_pdf
- Publisher
- Madagascar Directorate-General of Customs
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-08
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.douanes.gov.mg/srcs/uploads/2025/05/N%C2%B0082-2025-MEF-SC-DGD-DLV-STDA.pdf
- Role
- Controlling notice: new electric/electric-hybrid vehicles and new electric motorcycles are exempt; SGS inspection and an advance tariff decision are mandatory.
customs_dashboard_2025
- Publisher
- Madagascar Directorate-General of Customs
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.douanes.gov.mg/stat/tableau-de-bord-de-la-direction-generale-des-douanes-decembre-2025/
- Role
- Official statistics route. Public dashboard includes vehicles released for consumption, but no reliable propulsion/class extract was obtained for this report.
customs_etariff
- Publisher
- Madagascar Directorate-General of Customs
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.douanes.gov.mg/centre-dinformation/
- Role
- Official route for tariff, customs code and advance-classification decisions. Written VIN/HS treatment controls landed-cost pricing.
vehicle_imports_2023
- Publisher
- 2424.mg citing Madagascar Customs
- Publication Date
- 2024-08-17
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://2424.mg/importation-plus-de-4-600-vehicules-neufs-mis-a-la-consommation-en-2023/
- Role
- Secondary report of official dashboard figures: 4,606 new and 9,647 other vehicles in 2023 versus 4,994 new and 6,798 other vehicles in 2022. No propulsion split or active-stock status.
instat_q3_2019
- Publisher
- INSTAT Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2019-10-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.instat.mg/p/immatriculation-de-vehicules-dantananarivo-3eme-trim-2019
- Role
- Official historical quarterly flow: 3,185 newly registered vehicles; 41.1% passenger cars. Not national or propulsion-specific.
instat_q4_2019
- Publisher
- INSTAT Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2020-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.instat.mg/p/immatriculation-de-vehicules-dantananarivo-4eme-trimestre-2019
- Role
- Official historical quarterly flow: 2,300 newly registered vehicles; 63.8% described as new. Not a current EV series.
instat_q3_2020
- Publisher
- INSTAT Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2020-10-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.instat.mg/p/immatriculation-de-vehicules-dantananarivo-3eme-trimestre-2020
- Role
- Official historical quarterly flow: 1,463 registrations, 83% new, 15% used and 2.1% province transfers. No propulsion split.
instat_q4_2020
- Publisher
- INSTAT Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2021-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.instat.mg/p/immatriculation-de-vehicules-dantananarivo-4eme-trimestre-2020
- Role
- Official historical quarterly flow: 4,432 registrations versus 1,463 in Q3; the source notes pandemic-related processing effects.
cfao_byd
- Publisher
- CFAO Group
- Publication Date
- 2024-10-10
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.cfaogroup.com/en/loxea-becomes-the-pioneer-of-electric-solutions-in-madagascar/
- Role
- Official corporate evidence: LOXEA offers 100% electric BYD vehicles for rental or purchase at Alaria plus charger installation, solar, servicing, assistance, maintenance and parts. No volume.
cfao_byd_fr
- Publisher
- CFAO Group
- Publication Date
- 2024-10-10
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.cfaogroup.com/fr/loxea-devient-le-pionnier-des-solutions-electriques-a-madagascar/
- Role
- French corporate corroboration of the market entry and service bundle; not a registration, stock or charging census.
motor_show_2025
- Publisher
- L’Express de Madagascar via allAfrica
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202509250159.html
- Role
- Secondary report quotes an importer saying 15 EVs were sold in one month for taxi use and claims a national JOVENA charging network. Both require primary transaction/site verification.
jovena
- Publisher
- JOVENA Madagascar
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.jovena.mg/
- Role
- Operator website reviewed for public charging evidence. No dated site list, connector count, power, access, tariff or uptime inventory was located.
nissan_mg
- Publisher
- Nissan Madagascar
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://nissan.mg/
- Role
- Official current market-presence page reviewed; no EV model or EV-capable service-volume claim was inferred.
omh
- Publisher
- OMH Madagascar
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://omh.mg/
- Role
- Official petroleum-sector regulator route. Fuel-station presence is not evidence of commissioned EV charging.
fuel_stations
- Publisher
- 2424.mg citing OMH
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://2424.mg/distribution-petroliere-la-revision-des-textes-regissant-la-construction-et-lexploitation-des-stations-services-en-gestation/
- Role
- Secondary report citing OMH: 336 fuel stations, including 107 in Analamanga. Used only for corridor/partner context, never as charger count.
worldbank_ascent
- Publisher
- World Bank
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-06
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2026/05/06/madagascar-new-world-bank-program-set-to-provide-reliable-and-affordable-energy-to-over-2-5-million-people-by-2030
- Role
- US$250m ASCENT programme; reports 36% connected to reliable electricity and planned grid/off-grid expansion. Targets are not current workshop supply.
imf_electricity
- Publisher
- International Monetary Fund
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-31
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.imf.org/en/publications/selected-issues-papers/issues/2025/03/31/the-electricity-sector-and-jirama-republic-of-madagascar-565708
- Role
- Official analysis: 36% electricity access and recurrent outages, averaging six hours/day in Antananarivo in October 2024. Site tests still control.
imf_review
- Publisher
- International Monetary Fund
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-26
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2025/02/26/pr-2544-madagascar-imf-completes-1st-rev-under-ecf-rsf-and-concludes-2024-art-iv-consultation
- Role
- Official macro vintage: 4.2% estimated growth in 2024 and 4.6% projected in 2025; downside risks and JIRAMA reform remain material.
imf_second_review
- Publisher
- International Monetary Fund
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-03
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2025/07/03/pr-25239-madagascar-imf-completes-2nd-rev-under-ecf-and-rsf-arrang
- Role
- Official update notes adoption of a JIRAMA recovery plan and pervasive electricity disruptions; not an EV-demand input.
worldbank_transport
- Publisher
- World Bank
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-28
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2026/04/28/madagascar-s-transport-infrastructure-gets-a-major-boost-with-world-bank-group-support
- Role
- US$200m multimodal transport/logistics project and US$1.1bn total World Bank transport financing context. No electric-bus or EV fleet count is asserted.
meh_prirtem
- Publisher
- Ministry of Energy and Hydrocarbons, Madagascar
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://meh.mg/prirtem/
- Role
- Official project page describes Antananarivo–Toamasina and Antananarivo–Antsirabe transmission works. Project scope is not site readiness.
meh_tmr
- Publisher
- Ministry of Energy and Hydrocarbons, Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2024-08-07
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://meh.mg/tetikasa-tana-medium-ring/
- Role
- Official project announcement: eight substations and 185 km of 90 kV line are planned for Analamanga and connected regions. Announced infrastructure is not commissioned supply.
meh_decim
- Publisher
- Ministry of Energy and Hydrocarbons, Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://meh.mg/decim-2/
- Role
- Official project announcement: 52 localities in seven regions and more than 225,000 people targeted within 24 months. This is a target, not current access.
ader
- Publisher
- ADER Madagascar
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://ader.mg/
- Role
- Official rural-electrification agency route. No candidate-site power-quality conclusion is drawn.
ore_tariff
- Publisher
- Electricity Regulation Office, Madagascar
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.ore.mg/jargon.html
- Role
- Official tariff terminology includes BT 380/220/110 V and MT categories; actual service capacity, phase availability and power quality require engineering tests.
edbm
- Publisher
- EDBM
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.edbm.mg/
- Role
- Official investment-promotion and facilitation route.
edbm_creation
- Publisher
- EDBM
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.edbm.mg/creation-de-societe/
- Role
- Official online Orinasa route and legal-form guidance for SARL, SA, SARLU and civil companies. Obtain a current certificate/fee pack.
investment_law
- Publisher
- UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub / Government of Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2023-07-27
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-laws/laws/367/madagascar-madagascar-investment-law-2023
- Role
- Text establishes freedom/equal treatment principles and confirms EDBM as the investment-promotion agency; it does not automatically confer pilot tax benefits.
dgi
- Publisher
- DGI Madagascar
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.impots.mg/
- Role
- Official tax-administration route. Current written treatment controls tax and filing decisions.
pwc_cit
- Publisher
- PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/madagascar/corporate/taxes-on-corporate-income
- Role
- Professional summary: 20% CIT under the real regime above the stated turnover threshold. Indicative only; current DGI/local advice controls.
pwc_vat
- Publisher
- PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/madagascar/corporate/other-taxes
- Role
- Professional summary: standard VAT 20%; employer social-security contribution capped at 13% of eight times the legal minimum salary. Obtain written classification.
cnaps
- Publisher
- CNaPS
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.cnaps.mg/
- Role
- Official social-security administration route.
cnaps_payment
- Publisher
- CNaPS
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.cnaps.mg/fr/actualite/cnaps-impact-l-innovation-sociale-en-action
- Role
- Official evidence that employers can pay contributions via online declaration and mobile payment. Rates/classification still require CNaPS confirmation.
labour_code
- Publisher
- ILO NATLEX / Government of Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2004-07-28
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=70303
- Role
- Official-law repository summary: hygiene, safety, work environment, occupational medicine and inspection are covered. Confirm later amendments and application.
ilo_ratification
- Publisher
- International Labour Organization
- Publication Date
- 2023-06-20
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.ilo.org/fr/resource/actualites/madagascar-ratifie-trois-conventions-de-loit-sur-la-securite-et-la-sante-au
- Role
- C155, C161 and C187 entered into force for Madagascar on 15 June 2024; this does not create an EV/HV technician credential.
ilo_profile
- Publisher
- International Labour Organization
- Publication Date
- 2023-03-24
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.ilo.org/fr/publications/profil-national-de-securite-et-sante-au-travail-de-madagascar
- Role
- Tripartite-validated national OSH profile; use as compliance context, not substitute for site risk assessment.
mecie
- Publisher
- Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-28
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.environnement.mg/documents/fixant-les-regles-et-procedures-de-levaluation-environnementale-et-sociale-pour-la-mise-en-compatibilite-des-investissements-avec-lenvironnement-ou-mecie/
- Role
- Current official environmental-screening framework. Obtain written ONE categorisation and permit/non-requirement before site commitment.
one
- Publisher
- Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Madagascar
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.environnement.mg/organisme-rattache/office-national-pour-lenvironnement/
- Role
- Official description of ONE as the MECIE implementation body and environmental one-stop shop.
data_law
- Publisher
- Digital Governance Unit / CNLEGIS
- Publication Date
- 2015-01-09
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://digital.gov.mg/en/2022/07/05/loi-n-2014-038-sur-la-protection-des-donnees-a-caractere-personnel/
- Role
- Official republication: processing in Madagascar is covered; declaration/authorization, rights, security, DPO and transfer rules apply. Confirm CMIL operating route.
medd_brs
- Publisher
- Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Madagascar
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.environnement.mg/actualites/madagascar-reaffirme-son-engagement-pour-une-gestion-durable-des-produits-chimiques-et-dechets-aux-conferences-brs-a-geneve/
- Role
- Official policy evidence on hazardous chemicals/waste conventions. It does not identify an authorized traction-battery recipient.
basel_madagascar
- Publisher
- Basel Convention Secretariat
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.basel.int/Countries/Countryfactsheets/tabid/1293/ItemId/2458/Default.aspx
- Role
- Official Convention-country route. Current competent-authority approvals govern hazardous-waste movements.
iso_6469
- Publisher
- ISO
- Publication Date
- 2021-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.iso.org/standard/45477.html
- Role
- International benchmark; Madagascar adoption/legal effect is not assumed.
iso_17409
- Publisher
- ISO
- Publication Date
- 2020-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.iso.org/standard/68474.html
- Role
- International EV power-transfer benchmark; local electrical approval controls.
iec_61851
- Publisher
- IEC
- Publication Date
- 2017-02-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644
- Role
- International EVSE benchmark; not a Madagascar permit or electrician licence.
un_r100
- Publisher
- UNECE
- Publication Date
- 2022-03-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://unece.org/transport/documents/2022/03/standards/un-regulation-no-100-rev3
- Role
- Vehicle electric-powertrain safety benchmark; national applicability requires confirmation.
un_tests
- Publisher
- UNECE
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/rev8-files
- Role
- Battery transport test framework; carrier, routing and competent-authority approvals remain necessary.
ilo_osh
- Publisher
- International Labour Organization
- Publication Date
- 2001-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.ilo.org/resource/other/guidelines-occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-ilo-osh-2001
- Role
- Management-system benchmark; not a substitute for Madagascar labour and OSH law.
basel
- Publisher
- Basel Convention Secretariat
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/1275/Default.aspx
- Role
- International hazardous-waste movement framework; national competent-authority procedures control.
evs_model
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-11
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Href
- https://www.evsworldwide.com/
- Role
- All assumptions, gates, sensitivities and economics are EVS decision inputs, not sourced market facts.
Source register
50 primary and derived sources
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Source register
50 primary and derived sources
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