EVS Worldwide
Market IntelligenceAfrica

Benin

EVS Benin EV Service Centre Market Entry

Decision-grade market-entry report for an EVS service-centre model in Benin.

Snapshot: 11 August 202643-page full report
Talk to the expansion team
Active plug-in stock
—

No authoritative active passenger/light-commercial plug-in stock series.

Public connectors
—

No verified commissioned public passenger-EV connector census.

Gate jobs
108

EVS annual gate SAM; not a market estimate.

Base payback
6.849

Base simple payback on reversible capex.

Executive summary

The verdict in full

A standalone centre is not supported. A Cotonou/Grand Nokoué partner clinic remains conditional on evidence gates.

Market headline

Null values are deliberate evidence gaps, not zeros.

Market headline

ANaTT four-wheel vehicle database
Period
14 Jan 2025
Value
323,602
Unit
vehicles
Status
All powertrains; database count, not active plug-in stock [anatt_parc].
Passenger/LCV BEV sales
Period
Current
Value
—
Unit
vehicles
Status
Authoritative series not located.
Passenger/LCV PHEV sales
Period
Current
Value
—
Unit
vehicles
Status
Authoritative series not located.
Active passenger/LCV BEV/PHEV stock
Period
Current
Value
—
Unit
vehicles
Status
Authoritative series not located.
Commissioned public passenger-EV connectors
Period
Current
Value
—
Unit
connectors
Status
Authoritative census not located.
Executable SOM
Period
Pre-gate
Value
0
Unit
jobs/year
Status
Set to zero until launch gates pass [evs_model].

Market size and four-wheel context

ANaTT database figures cover all powertrains and do not prove active plug-in stock.

Market size and four-wheel context

ANaTT database four-wheel vehicles
Value
323,602
Unit
vehicles
Date
2025-01-14
Definition
All powertrains; database record [anatt_parc].
SECUROUTE stickers
Value
223,302
Unit
vehicles
Date
2025-01-14
Definition
Compliance/platform indicator, not active fleet [anatt_parc].
Grand Nokoué population
Value
2,800,000
Unit
people
Date
2025 project baseline
Definition
World Bank project context [worldbank_nokoue].
World Bank Grand Nokoué financing
Value
200,000,000
Unit
USD
Date
2025-05-20
Definition
IDA project financing, not EV sales [worldbank_nokoue].
World Bank reported real GDP growth
Value
7.5
Unit
%
Date
2024
Definition
Macro context only; not an EV-demand forecast [worldbank_outlook].
World Bank average growth projection
Value
7.1
Unit
%
Date
2025–2027
Definition
Forecast vintage and institution differ from government/IMF assumptions [worldbank_outlook][imf_report].
IMF programme review
Value
—
Unit
programme context
Date
2025-06-18
Definition
EFF/ECF and RSF review completion supports macro/fiscal diligence context; not an EV-market input [imf_review].
Updated national climate contribution
Value
—
Unit
policy context
Date
2021-10-12
Definition
Official NDC informs transition context but supplies no passenger-EV stock forecast used here [ndc].

BEV/PHEV adoption history

No authoritative passenger/LCV sales or stock series was located.

BEV/PHEV adoption history

Before Apr 2025
Bev Sales
—
Phev Sales
—
Stock
—
Evidence
No authoritative national passenger/LCV series located.
24 Apr 2025
Bev Sales
—
Phev Sales
—
Stock
—
Evidence
BYD/CFAO launched ATTO 3 and DOLPHIN; availability is not sales [byd_entry][cfao_byd].
11 Aug 2026 research cutoff
Bev Sales
—
Phev Sales
—
Stock
—
Evidence
Authoritative series remains unavailable; do not backfill from brand presence or two-wheel fleets.

Definition reconciliation

Motorcycles, swap stations, brand launches and four-wheel registrations are kept separate.

Definition reconciliation

Four-wheel ANaTT database
Include
Registered database records across all powertrains
Exclude
Proof of active status, passenger/LCV class split or plug-in propulsion
Decision Use
Context denominator only [anatt_parc].
BEV/PHEV passenger/LCV stock
Include
Matched active four-wheel registrations with propulsion and class
Exclude
HEV, e-motorcycles, announced models, dealer stock
Decision Use
Required TAM denominator; currently null.
Spiro programme
Include
Electric motorcycles, batteries and swap infrastructure
Exclude
Passenger/LCV vehicles and public charging
Decision Use
Adjacent ecosystem only [guarantco_spiro].
Charging infrastructure
Include
Commissioned, accessible passenger-EV connectors with location/power/status
Exclude
Two-wheel swap stations, private dealer equipment, announced sites
Decision Use
Current census null.
Get the full Benin analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.

Cautious / base / high 2030 sensitivities

These are EVS sensitivities against a static all-powertrain database, not official forecasts.

Cautious / base / high 2030 sensitivities

Cautious
Plug In Share Of Static Four Wheel Database Pct
0.1
Modelled 2030 Plug In Pool
324
Basis
EVS 2030 sensitivity applied to the static 323,602 four-wheel ANaTT database snapshot. Not an official forecast, active-stock estimate or sales series.
Base
Plug In Share Of Static Four Wheel Database Pct
0.25
Modelled 2030 Plug In Pool
809
Basis
EVS 2030 sensitivity applied to the static 323,602 four-wheel ANaTT database snapshot. Not an official forecast, active-stock estimate or sales series.
High
Plug In Share Of Static Four Wheel Database Pct
0.5
Modelled 2030 Plug In Pool
1,618
Basis
EVS 2030 sensitivity applied to the static 323,602 four-wheel ANaTT database snapshot. Not an official forecast, active-stock estimate or sales series.

Charging and energy infrastructure

Passenger charging is unverified; two-wheel swapping is not a substitute.

Charging and energy infrastructure

National commissioned public passenger-EV sites/connectors
Count
—
Status
No authoritative current census located.
Use
Block charger-based TAM claim.
BYD/CFAO showroom/after-sales centre
Count
1
Status
Cotonou corporate presence [byd_entry][byd_directory].
Use
Competitor/capability evidence, not necessarily public EVSE.
Spiro swap stations
Count
—
Status
Country-specific current Benin count not verified; combined Benin/Togo programme only [guarantco_spiro].
Use
Exclude from passenger charging.

Electricity and site readiness

National access progress does not establish workshop-quality supply.

Electricity and site readiness

National access expansion
Evidence
150,000 meters installed; about 145,000 households, 2,789 small businesses and 451 public institutions connected [worldbank_power].
Implication
Positive direction; not site power quality.
2 more rows in the full report

Vehicle parc age and service demand

Age and used-import evidence are missing, so service demand is gated.

Vehicle parc age and service demand

Four-wheel age distribution
Value
—
Implication
No authoritative age bands located; cannot infer out-of-warranty EV share.
Used/parallel-import plug-in flow
Value
—
Implication
No authoritative series located; inspect VIN/import data.
Vehicle-compliance platform
Value
SECUROUTE
Implication
Supports inspection/compliance demand context, not EV-specific service demand [securoute][anatt_parc].
Near-term credible services
Value
Non-invasive diagnostics and chassis/thermal-system work
Implication
Lower regulatory/capability risk than pack repair.
Get the full Benin analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.

Transparent TAM / SAM / SOM

Sourced facts and EVS assumptions are explicitly separated.

Transparent TAM / SAM / SOM

Current TAM
Value
—
Unit
active passenger/LCV plug-ins
Formula
Authoritative active stock required
Status
Not measurable.
Launch-gate pool
Value
250
Unit
active passenger/LCV plug-ins
Formula
EVS threshold
Status
Decision gate, not estimate.
Gate active pool
Value
225
Unit
vehicles
Formula
250 × 0.9
Status
EVS assumption.
4 more rows in the full report

Customer segments

Target only evidence-backed, supported vehicles and tasks.

Customer segments

Private BYD owners
Need
Independent diagnostics, tyres/brakes/suspension, pre-purchase and out-of-warranty care
Risk
OEM after-sales/warranty capture [byd_entry].
Parallel-import/used plug-in owners
Need
VIN-specific scan, condition report, parts sourcing
Risk
Population size and supported model mix unknown.
Corporate/fleet operators
Need
Inspection, uptime SLAs, mobile triage and reporting
Risk
No evidenced plug-in fleet denominator.
Motorcycle riders/operators
Need
High-uptime maintenance
Risk
Separate vehicle architecture, proprietary battery ecosystem and commercial model; excluded from four-wheel TAM.

Fleet segments

Projects and operator ecosystems are leads, not contracted demand.

Fleet segments

Grand Nokoué public-transport programme
Evidence
Project enables future electric buses/boats and e-motorcycle renewal [worldbank_nokoue].
Entry
Tender/partner monitoring only; no fleet count or service contract assumed.
Freight/logistics operators
Evidence
Electronic consignment-note enrolment gives a fleet-contact route [anatt_freight].
Entry
Qualify plug-in vehicles through fleet VIN audit.
Ride-hail/taxi motorcycles
Evidence
Material e-motorcycle policy/financing ecosystem [guarantco_spiro].
Entry
Separate product line only with OEM/operator contract.
Rental/hospitality/diplomatic fleets
Evidence
No plug-in count located.
Entry
Interview-based demand validation only.

Leading EV brands and models

Availability is not sales or active stock.

Leading EV brands and models

BYD
Model
ATTO 3
Vehicle Type
Passenger BEV
Evidence
Official Benin launch [byd_entry]
Sales Or Stock
—
BYD
Model
DOLPHIN
Vehicle Type
Passenger BEV
Evidence
Official Benin launch [byd_entry]
Sales Or Stock
—
Spiro
Model
Unspecified fleet
Vehicle Type
Electric motorcycle
Evidence
Combined Benin/Togo programme [guarantco_spiro]
Sales Or Stock
—
Other passenger plug-ins
Model
Unverified
Vehicle Type
Passenger/LCV BEV/PHEV
Evidence
Registry/dealer fieldwork required
Sales Or Stock
—
Get the full Benin analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.

OEM and authorized competitors

BYD/CFAO is the evidenced four-wheel EV after-sales incumbent.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

OEM and authorized competitors

BYD by CFAO Mobility
Location
Cotonou
Strength
Official showroom and after-sales centre; warranty, brand tools and parts pathway [byd_entry].
Implication
Do not compete on warranty work; pursue independent/non-warranty scope and referrals.
Other authorized OEM networks
Location
Cotonou/Grand Nokoué
Strength
Conventional service footprints likely but EV/HV capability not verified.
Implication
Field-audit capability; do not assert counts.
1 more row in the full report

Independent competitors

Counts and EV/HV capability require field audit.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Independent competitors

General independent workshops
Verified Count
—
Capability
EV/HV capability not verified
Response
Map 20 workshops; inspect tools, safety, diagnostic subscriptions and quality.
Tyre/alignment/brake specialists
Verified Count
—
Capability
Likely cross-powertrain overlap
Response
Partner where equipment quality and records pass.
1 more row in the full report

Priority cities and regions

Grand Nokoué is the pilot catchment; northern fixed capex is deferred.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Priority cities and regions

1
Region
Cotonou / Abomey-Calavi
Case
Vehicle/dealer concentration, BYD after-sales and Grand Nokoué project.
Decision
Pilot catchment [byd_entry][worldbank_nokoue].
4 more rows in the full report

Consumer and vehicle incentives

No benefit is priced without signed law and written classification.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Consumer and vehicle incentives

New-vehicle exemption
Status
2025 and 2026 official budget summaries say new vehicles imported/manufactured/sold in Benin benefit from exemption.
Caveat
General new-vehicle measure; exact customs/VAT/internal-tax components and EV eligibility need signed-law/HS/VIN confirmation [budget_2025][budget_2026_speech][budget_2026_law].
Electric-motorcycle/helmet measures
Status
2025 speech extends the electric-motorcycle measure to helmets.
Caveat
Motorcycle policy is not a passenger-BEV purchase incentive [budget_2025].
1 more row in the full report

Business and investment incentives

The capped pilot assumes no investment-code benefit.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Business and investment incentives

Investment Code regime A
Threshold
XOF50m–1bn
Relevance
Possible only if eligible investment exceeds threshold; pilot assumes no benefit [investment_summary].
Regimes B/C
Threshold
XOF1bn–50bn / above XOF50bn
Relevance
Not relevant to capped pilot.
2 more rows in the full report

Tax snapshot

Professional summaries are indicative; written Benin advice controls.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Tax snapshot

Corporate income tax
Reported
30% standard; 25% industrial in professional summaries
Model
Use 30% planning assumption only after service-centre classification advice [pkf_tax][uggc_tax].
VAT
Reported
18% standard
Model
Economics shown VAT-exclusive; written registration and recoverability advice required [pkf_tax][uggc_tax].
2 more rows in the full report

Entity, licensing and premises

All material approvals are pre-launch gates.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Entity, licensing and premises

Entity/RCCM/IFU
Requirement
Create entity or establishment; obtain RCCM, IFU and required cards.
Gate
APIEx/public-service evidence and current certificate pack [business_creation].
Municipality / land use / occupancy
Requirement
Parcel-specific lawful workshop use, building/occupancy, signage and nuisance controls.
Gate
Written commune/land-use confirmation before lease.
3 more rows in the full report

Labour and social security

CNSS rates are sourced; activity classification and employment advice remain required.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Labour and social security

Employer registration
Requirement
Register employer and affiliate workers from effective hire date.
Source
CNSS controls [cnss_control].
Contribution rates
Requirement
Employer 9% family benefits, 1–4% occupational risk, 6.4% pension; employee 3.6% pension.
Source
Current CNSS web summary; obtain activity-risk classification [cnss_rates].
3 more rows in the full report

High-voltage and workshop safety

International standards are benchmarks, not proof of national adoption.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

High-voltage and workshop safety

Competence
Minimum
Two assessed technicians; task-level authorisation; supervised practical assessment and rescue drill.
Status
No Benin-specific EV/HV technician credential was verified.
Safe state
Minimum
Identify, isolate, lock/tag, prove dead, secure keys and record re-energisation.
Status
Manufacturer procedures plus ISO/UNECE benchmark [iso_6469][un_r100].
Equipment
Minimum
Rated PPE/tools, CAT-rated meter/proving unit, barriers, rescue hook, inspection logs.
Status
Local law/insurer requirements control.
EVSE
Minimum
Licensed electrical contractor; no energized charger repair by vehicle technicians.
Status
IEC 61851/ISO 17409 benchmark [iec_61851][iso_17409].
Software/cybersecurity
Minimum
Lawful subscriptions, consent, audit log; no unsupported security bypass.
Status
Supported VIN/task matrix required.

Battery, waste and transport

Traction-battery custody is out of launch scope.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Battery, waste and transport

12V batteries, tyres, fluids and e-waste
Launch Rule
Named authorized collector/recipient, segregation and manifests before first job.
Evidence
ABE route and e-waste decree [abe_cces][e_waste_decree].
Damaged traction battery/module
Launch Rule
No custody, opening, storage, carriage or export before classification, fire plan, insurer, carrier and recipient.
Evidence
Benin law/decree plus UN/Basel frameworks [e_waste_decree][un_tests][basel].
2 more rows in the full report

Data, consumer and warranty controls

Operate transparently as independent; protect VIN/customer/telemetry data.

Data, consumer and warranty controls

Personal data
Control
Purpose, minimisation, consent/legal basis, access, retention, breach and vendor controls for VIN/customer/telemetry.
Gate
APDP compliance/formalities file [apdp][apdp_mission].
Video surveillance
Control
Separate APDP review/authorisation as applicable.
Gate
Written APDP determination.
Consumer status
Control
Disclose independent status, quotation, scope, parts provenance, warranty, rework and dispute route.
Gate
Counsel-approved French-language terms.
OEM warranty
Control
Do not represent EVS as BYD-authorized; refer warranty/recall work.
Gate
VIN/task/warranty matrix and referral script [byd_entry].

Operating model

Use one reversible partner bay with low inventory and evidence-rich quality controls.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Operating model

Format
Recommendation
One managed bay inside an existing compliant Cotonou/Abomey-Calavi workshop; mobile triage within controlled scope.
Commercial
Recommendation
XOF menu pricing, deposits and French-language consent; no consumer financing assumption.
Inventory
Recommendation
Fast-moving consumables only; parts ordered against VIN/deposit; no traction-pack inventory.
Quality
Recommendation
Digital intake, before/after scan, photo/thermal evidence, torque/inspection checklists and referral log.
Power
Recommendation
Tested circuit, conditioning/UPS for diagnostic systems and controlled outage procedure.
Data
Recommendation
APDP file, role access, retention schedule, encrypted transfer and vendor contracts.

Franchise pathway

Standalone conversion is deferred until evidence and payback gates pass.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Franchise pathway

0–90 days
Model
Managed partner clinic
Commitment
Reversible capex ≤XOF20m; no long lease, exclusivity or pack inventory.
Post-pilot
Model
Licensed service cell
Commitment
Only after 90-day continuation gate and 12-month evidence; task/VIN boundary remains.
Standalone franchise
Model
Deferred
Commitment
Requires verified active stock, sustained jobs, lawful waste route and ≤3-year base payback.

Pilot economics: annual steady state

All values are EVS assumptions in nominal XOF, VAT-exclusive and pre-tax.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Pilot economics: annual steady state

Cautious
Jobs
35
Aro Xof
150,000
Gross Margin Pct
55
Opex Xof
4,000,000
Revenue Xof
5,250,000
Gross Profit Xof
2,887,500
Ebitda Xof
-1,112,500
Payback Years
—
2 more rows in the full report

Pilot economics: 90 days

The base continuation case requires 20 paid jobs and positive EBITDA.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Pilot economics: 90 days

Cautious
Jobs 90d
9
Aro Xof
150,000
Gross Margin Pct
55
Opex Xof
1,000,000
Revenue Xof
1,350,000
Gross Profit Xof
742,500
Ebitda Xof
-257,500
2 more rows in the full report

Risks

Critical uncertainties are treated as gates rather than hidden model inputs.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Risks

Passenger plug-in denominator absent
Likelihood
High
Impact
Critical
Mitigation
Matched ANaTT/import/dealer VIN extract; executable SOM zero.
Motorcycle statistics contaminate four-wheel TAM
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Separate datasets, service architecture and economics [guarantco_spiro].
OEM/warranty capture
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Non-warranty scope, lawful tools and BYD/CFAO referral [byd_entry].
Public passenger charging unverified
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Physical site/connector audit; no charger count in model.
Power quality/outages
Likelihood
Medium
Impact
High
Mitigation
Site tests, UPS/conditioning and outage workflow [worldbank_power].
Customs/incentive interpretation
Likelihood
Medium
Impact
High
Mitigation
Signed law and binding HS/VIN/parts ruling; model zero benefit.
No authorized battery recipient
Likelihood
High
Impact
Critical
Mitigation
No battery custody before signed route.
Safety/fire/electric shock
Likelihood
Low
Impact
Critical
Mitigation
No pack work; competence, isolation, rescue and insurer controls.
Northern security/disruption
Likelihood
Medium
Impact
High
Mitigation
Southern reversible pilot; defer northern fixed capex [worldbank_north].
Paid demand below gate
Likelihood
High
Impact
High
Mitigation
Bookings, fleet trial and day-90 stop.

Mitigations and stop rules

Reversible scope and explicit stops protect capital and safety.

Mitigations and stop rules

<250 matched active Grand Nokoué plug-ins
Action
Do not launch fixed service cell; continue monitoring only.
Owner
EVS board
No compliant waste recipient or fire/insurer sign-off
Action
Exclude traction-battery custody and pack work.
Owner
Country lead / HV lead
Fewer than 20 paid jobs in 90 days
Action
Stop or revert to mobile diagnostics only.
Owner
Pilot manager
Rework >5% or any HV/fire event
Action
Pause service, investigate and retrain; board restart approval.
Owner
Quality/HV lead
Base payback >3 years after twelve months
Action
No standalone conversion.
Owner
Finance / board

90-day entry plan

The work programme closes evidence before fixed commitment.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

90-day entry plan

0–15
Objective
Definitions and law
Actions
Obtain matched ANaTT/import/dealer VIN extract; commission entity/tax/customs/labour/workshop/fire/environment/waste/data/insurance matrices.
Owner
EVS board / Benin counsel
Deliverable
Evidence and compliance file.
4 more rows in the full report

Explicit go / no-go gates

All gates must pass; one material failure stops launch.

Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.

Explicit go / no-go gates

Market denominator
Go
Matched extract proves at least 250 active passenger/light-commercial BEV/PHEVs in Grand Nokoué, separately classified.
No Go
Count below 250 or propulsion/class/region/active status unavailable.
6 more rows in the full report

Methodology

Evidence precedence, definitions, assumptions and validation are auditable.

Methodology

Define market
Method
Passenger/light-commercial BEV and PHEV only for four-wheel TAM; exclude HEV, motorcycles, dealer inventory and announcements.
Prioritise evidence
Method
Official/primary sources first; corporate evidence for launches; secondary ANaTT quote only where official aggregate unavailable.
Reconcile definitions
Method
Separate database records, active stock, sales, brand presence, projects, targets, charger connectors and swap stations.
Size opportunity
Method
Current TAM null; gate SAM uses explicit assumptions; executable SOM zero.
Forecast
Method
Three static-base 2030 sensitivities; no stock accumulation, scrappage, used imports or policy effect claimed.
Economics
Method
Nominal XOF, VAT-exclusive, pre-tax, no finance or incentive benefit; simple payback only when EBITDA positive.
Validation
Method
Reparse JSON; root/schema/brand/source/citation/calculation/residue checks; duplicate search before Library create.

Evidence gaps and closure plan

Missing data is recorded with a specific closure action.

Evidence gaps and closure plan

Annual BEV/PHEV new registrations by class
Impact
Cannot build adoption history or flow forecast.
Closure
ANaTT/customs extract with propulsion/class/year.
Active passenger/LCV plug-in stock by commune
Impact
Current TAM/SAM cannot be measured.
Closure
Matched active registration/VIN extract.
Used/parallel-import plug-in flows and age
Impact
Out-of-warranty demand unknown.
Closure
Customs/ANaTT VIN and first-registration data.
Commissioned public passenger-EV connectors
Impact
Charging coverage and partner mapping unknown.
Closure
Operator list plus physical audit including connector/power/status/access.
Country-specific e-motorcycle and swap-station count
Impact
Adjacent market cannot be sized.
Closure
Spiro/operator/regulator dated Benin-only extract.
Independent workshop EV capability/count
Impact
Competitive density unknown.
Closure
Field audit.
Vehicle-parc age distribution
Impact
Service intensity/out-of-warranty share unknown.
Closure
ANaTT age bands by class/propulsion.
Site power quality and cost
Impact
Equipment and uptime plan unresolved.
Closure
Engineer/logger test and tariff/billing records.

Complete linked source register

Every source records publisher, publication date where available and access date.

Complete linked source register

anatt_parc
Publisher
Banouto / ANaTT interview
Publication Date
2025-01-17
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://banouto.bj/investigation-reportages/article/20250117-plateforme-securoute-au-benin-une-revolution-dans-le-secteur-automobile
Role
Secondary report quoting an ANaTT platform analyst: 323,602 four-wheel vehicles in the database on 14 January 2025; 223,302 had SECUROUTE stickers. Database/compliance counts are not an active-parc or propulsion split.
securoute
Publisher
Agence nationale des Transports terrestres
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://securoute.anatt.bj/
Role
Official vehicle-park management and compliance platform. No public aggregate propulsion split was located.
byd_entry
Publisher
BYD
Publication Date
2025-04-24
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.byd.com/sc/news-list/byd-officially-enters-the-benin-market
Role
BYD and CFAO Mobility launched ATTO 3 and DOLPHIN and inaugurated a Cotonou showroom and after-sales centre. No sales or registration volume is stated.
cfao_byd
Publisher
CFAO Group
Publication Date
2025-04-24
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.cfaogroup.com/en/cfao-mobility-launches-byd-electric-vehicles-in-benin/
Role
Corporate corroboration of the BYD launch; no stock or sales denominator.
byd_directory
Publisher
BYD
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.byd.international/car-dealer/showroom-byd-by-cfao-mobility
Role
Official dealer-directory evidence of Cotonou presence; not a market-volume source.
worldbank_nokoue
Publisher
World Bank
Publication Date
2025-05-20
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/05/20/benin-developing-a-safe-reliable-and-less-polluting-public-transport-system-in-grand-nokou
Role
US$200m IDA project across Cotonou, Porto-Novo, Sèmè-Podji, Abomey-Calavi and Ouidah; project objectives include electric-motorcycle renewal and enabling electric buses/boats. Objectives are not commissioned fleet counts.
guarantco_spiro
Publisher
GuarantCo
Publication Date
2023-08-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://guarantco.com/our-portfolio/spiro/
Role
Combined Benin/Togo financing and deployment programme: XOF37.8bn financing, XOF21bn guarantee, targets for motorcycles, batteries and swap stations. Combined-country targets are not current Benin counts.
guarantco_news
Publisher
GuarantCo
Publication Date
2023-08-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://guarantco.com/news/guarantco-and-societe-generale-will-provide-an-up-to-xof-37-8-billion-c-usd-63-million-financing-solution-to-finance-spiros-fleet-of-electric-motorbikes-in-benin-and-togo/
Role
Transaction release; includes a combined Benin/Togo motorcycle-taxi context. Kept outside passenger/LCV sizing.
budget_2025
Publisher
Ministry of Economy and Finance, Benin
Publication Date
2024-10-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://budgetbenin.bj/discours-du-ministre-de-leconomie-et-des-finances-ministre-detat-aux-citoyens-suite-a-la-transmission-a-lassemblee-nationale-du-projet-de-loi-de-finances-pour-la-gestion-20/
Role
Official summary says new vehicles imported or manufactured in Benin are exempt and extends the electric-motorcycle measure to helmets. Exact taxes, tariff headings and eligibility require signed-law confirmation.
budget_2026_speech
Publisher
Ministry of Economy and Finance, Benin
Publication Date
2025-10-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://budgetbenin.bj/discours-du-ministre-de-leconomie-et-des-finances-ministre-detat-aux-citoyens-suite-a-la-transmission-a-lassemblee-nationale-du-projet-de-loi-de-finances-pour-la-gestion-2026/
Role
Official summary says the new-vehicle exemption continues. It is not described as passenger-BEV-exclusive.
budget_2026_law
Publisher
Ministry of Economy and Finance, Benin
Publication Date
2025-12-08
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://budgetbenin.bj/loi-de-finances-gestion-2026/
Role
Official landing page for Law 2025-22. Obtain signed text and customs ruling before pricing.
assembly_2026
Publisher
National Assembly of Benin
Publication Date
2025-12-04
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://assemblee-nationale.bj/index.php/2025/12/04/assemblee-nationale-la-loi-de-finances-gestion-2026-adoptee-a-lunanimite-des-deputes/
Role
Official adoption notice; reports a XOF3,783.984bn budget, up 6.6%.
budget_2023
Publisher
Ministry of Economy and Finance, Benin
Publication Date
2022-10-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://budgetbenin.bj/discours-du-ministre-de-leconomie-et-des-finances-aux-citoyens-suite-a-la-transmission-a-lassemblee-nationale-du-projet-de-loi-de-finances-pour-la-gestion-2023/
Role
Historical evidence of public-transport vehicle and new-passenger-car tax treatment; not relied on for current 2026 pricing.
investment_code
Publisher
Benin Customs
Publication Date
2020-03-20
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://douanes.gouv.bj/loi-n2020-02-du-20-mars-2020-portant-code-des-investissements-en-republique-du-benin/
Role
Official law route. Written APIEx eligibility and approval control.
investment_summary
Publisher
APIEx / InvestBenin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://investbenin.bj/invest/invest-code
Role
Official promotion summary: regime A XOF50m–1bn, B XOF1bn–50bn and C above XOF50bn; sectoral route covers priority sectors. No pilot benefit assumed.
business_creation
Publisher
National Public Services Portal, Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.service-public.bj/public/services/service/PS00062
Role
Official service page gives a three-hour target and XOF10,000 establishment/XOF17,000 company fee, with RCCM, IFU and relevant cards. Verify current service result and sector permits.
pkf_tax
Publisher
PKF Smith Cooper
Publication Date
2025-11-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.pkfsmithcooper.com/news-insights/worldwide-tax-guide-2025-26/
Role
Professional cross-border guide used only as an indicative tax snapshot; local written advice controls.
uggc_tax
Publisher
UGGC Africa
Publication Date
2026-07-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://uggcafrica.com/investing-in-benin-ohada/
Role
Professional summary cites 30% standard CIT, 25% industrial CIT and 18% VAT. Service-centre classification and current filings require counsel/accountant confirmation.
cnss_rates
Publisher
CNSS Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://cnss.bj/procedure-de-recouvrement-des-cotisations/
Role
Official rates: family benefits 9% employer, occupational risk 1–4% employer, pension 10% split 6.4% employer/3.6% employee; payroll base and current classification require CNSS confirmation.
cnss_payments
Publisher
CNSS Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://cnss.bj/declaration-et-paiement/
Role
Official timing: monthly for 20+ workers and quarterly below 20; due within 15 days after period.
cnss_control
Publisher
CNSS Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://cnss.bj/controle-des-employeurs/
Role
Official evidence of employer registration, worker affiliation and contribution audit obligations.
labour_code
Publisher
Ministry of Labour and Public Service, Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://travail.gouv.bj/document/officiels
Role
Official route to the Labour Code and implementing rules. Counsel must confirm contracts, hours, dismissal, apprentices and foreign-worker permits.
osh_government
Publisher
Ministry of Labour and Public Service, Benin
Publication Date
2025-10-21
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://travail.gouv.bj/page/actualites/securite-et-sante-au-travail-la-cnsst-renforce-son-engagement-pour-un-benin-meilleur
Role
Official evidence of active OSH policy and prevention focus; not an EV/HV credential.
apdp
Publisher
Personal Data Protection Authority, Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://service.apdp.bj/mise_en_conformite/politique_de_confidentialite
Role
Official compliance route under the Digital Code, including preliminary formalities and data-subject rights.
apdp_mission
Publisher
Personal Data Protection Authority, Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://archive.apdp.bj/mot-du-president/
Role
APDP created under Law 2017-20, amended by Law 2020-35; confirms regulator remit.
abe_cces
Publisher
Benin Environment Agency
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://abe.bj/eservices/
Role
Official project categorisation and CCES route; necessity depends on ABE screening.
abe_audit
Publisher
Benin Environment Agency
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://abe.bj/eservices/certificat-de-conformite-environnementale-et-sociale-de-laudit-environnementale-et-sociale-de-mise-en-conformite/
Role
Official operating-activity audit route under the framework law and Decree 2022-390.
e_waste_decree
Publisher
Secretariat-General of Government, Benin
Publication Date
2025-07-02
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://sgg.gouv.bj/documentheque/decrets/14/
Role
Official decree listing. Battery classification and authorized recipient/carrier route require written ABE/customs advice.
basel_benin
Publisher
Secretariat-General of Government, Benin
Publication Date
1994-08-11
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://sgg.gouv.bj/documentheque/decrets/909/
Role
Official government record of the instrument authorizing accession; current transboundary procedures must be confirmed with competent authorities.
ndc
Publisher
UNFCCC / Government of Benin
Publication Date
2021-10-12
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://unfccc.int/documents/497266
Role
Official NDC registry entry; policy context only, not a vehicle-stock forecast.
sineb
Publisher
Ministry of Energy, Water and Mines, Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.sineb.bj/
Role
Official energy-information reference. No site-level workshop power-quality or uptime figure was inferred.
worldbank_power
Publisher
World Bank
Publication Date
2026-03-19
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/03/19/electricity-s-impact-in-benin-transforming-lives-pole-by-pole
Role
Project reported 150,000 meters, 20,000 streetlights and connections for about 145,000 households, 2,789 small businesses and 451 public institutions. Not a workshop-quality test.
worldbank_outlook
Publisher
World Bank
Publication Date
2025-06-25
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/benin/publication/benin-economic-outlook-2025-raising-domestic-revenue-mobilization-while-protecting-the-poor
Role
Reports 2024 real growth of 7.5% and World Bank average projection of 7.1% for 2025–27.
imf_review
Publisher
International Monetary Fund
Publication Date
2025-06-18
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.imf.org/fr/news/articles/2025/06/18/pr-25207-benin-imf-executive-board-completes-6th-reviews-of-eff-and-ecf-and-3rd-review-of-the-rsf
Role
Official programme and fiscal-policy context; not an EV-market input.
imf_report
Publisher
International Monetary Fund
Publication Date
2025-07-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2025/185/article-A001-en.xml
Role
IMF staff macro projections differ from government/World Bank vintages; planning should retain range and date.
budget_macro
Publisher
Ministry of Economy and Finance, Benin
Publication Date
2025-12-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://budgetbenin.bj/rapport-economique-et-financier-de-la-loi-de-finances-gestion-2026/
Role
Government macro assumptions: 7.5% growth in 2025 and 2026 and 2.7% fiscal deficit in 2026. Different source/vintage from IMF and World Bank.
worldbank_north
Publisher
World Bank
Publication Date
2025-03-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/03/01/strengthening-resilience-and-social-cohesion-and-reducing-the-vulnerability-of-refugees-in-northern-benin
Role
Official evidence of fragility and displacement pressures in northern Benin; supports a reversible southern pilot rather than northern fixed capex.
worldbank_ccdr
Publisher
World Bank
Publication Date
2023-12-06
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/12/06/benin-can-create-opportunities-for-a-just-energy-transition-and-green-inclusive-growth-world-bank-report
Role
Climate and energy-transition context; not a passenger-EV count.
customs
Publisher
Directorate-General of Customs, Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://douanes.gouv.bj/
Role
Official route for HS classification, duty/tax treatment, temporary admission, parts and battery movements.
journal
Publisher
Government of Benin
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://journalofficiel.gouv.bj/
Role
Official route for controlling legal text and commencement dates.
anatt_freight
Publisher
Government of Benin
Publication Date
2025-07-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.gouv.bj/article/3251/transport-terrestre-anatt-devoile-lettre-voiture-electronique-sygfr/
Role
Official freight-digitisation context; fleet operators and vehicles must be enrolled. Not an EV count.
iso_6469
Publisher
ISO
Publication Date
2021-01-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.iso.org/standard/45477.html
Role
International benchmark; national adoption and legal effect not assumed.
iso_17409
Publisher
ISO
Publication Date
2020-01-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.iso.org/standard/68474.html
Role
International benchmark; national adoption and legal effect not assumed.
iec_61851
Publisher
IEC
Publication Date
2017-02-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644
Role
International EVSE benchmark; local electrical approvals control.
un_r100
Publisher
UNECE
Publication Date
2022-03-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://unece.org/transport/documents/2022/03/standards/un-regulation-no-100-rev3
Role
Vehicle electric-powertrain safety benchmark; Benin applicability requires confirmation.
un_tests
Publisher
UNECE
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/rev8-files
Role
Battery transport test framework; carrier/route approvals still required.
ilo_osh
Publisher
International Labour Organization
Publication Date
2001-01-01
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.ilo.org/resource/other/guidelines-occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-ilo-osh-2001
Role
Management-system benchmark; not a substitute for Benin labour/OSH law.
basel
Publisher
Basel Convention Secretariat
Publication Date
—
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/1275/Default.aspx
Role
International hazardous-waste movement framework; national competent-authority procedures control.
evs_model
Publisher
EVS Worldwide
Publication Date
2026-08-11
Accessed At
2026-08-11
Href
https://www.evsworldwide.com/
Role
All explicitly labelled assumptions, thresholds, sensitivities and calculations are EVS decision inputs, not sourced market facts.

Source register

49 primary and derived sources

Show
  1. 01Plateforme SECUROUTE au Bénin: une révolution dans le secteur automobile
  2. 02SECUROUTE official platform
  3. 03BYD officially enters the Benin market
  4. 04CFAO Mobility launches BYD electric vehicles in Benin
  5. 05BYD by CFAO Mobility, Cotonou
  6. 06Benin: developing a safe, reliable and less-polluting public transport system in Grand Nokoué
  7. 07Spiro transaction portfolio
  8. 08GuarantCo and Société Générale finance Spiro in Benin and Togo
  9. 092025 Finance Bill speech to citizens
  10. 102026 Finance Bill speech to citizens
  11. 11Finance Law, management 2026
  12. 12National Assembly adopts the 2026 Finance Law
  13. 132023 Finance Bill speech to citizens
  14. 14Law 2020-02 establishing the Investment Code
  15. 15Benin Investment Code
  16. 16Business creation service
  17. 17Worldwide Tax Guide 2025/26
  18. 18Investing in Benin under OHADA
  19. 19Procedure for collection of contributions
  20. 20Declaration and payment
  21. 21Employer controls
  22. 22Official documents: Labour Code
  23. 23National occupational safety and health commission
  24. 24APDP compliance and privacy policy
  25. 25APDP mission and legal basis
  26. 26Environmental and Social Compliance Certificate e-service
  27. 27Environmental and social compliance audit certificate
  28. 28Decree 2025-365 on electronic-waste management
  29. 29Benin and the Basel Convention
  30. 30Benin First NDC (updated submission)
  31. 31National Energy Information System of Benin
  32. 32Electricity’s impact in Benin: transforming lives pole by pole
  33. 33Benin Economic Outlook 2025
  34. 34IMF completes Benin programme reviews
  35. 35Benin staff report 2025
  36. 36Economic and financial report, Finance Law 2026
  37. 37Strengthening resilience in northern Benin
  38. 38Benin can create opportunities for a just energy transition
  39. 39Benin Customs
  40. 40Official Gazette of Benin
  41. 41ANaTT introduces electronic consignment note
  42. 42ISO 6469-3: electrically propelled road vehicles—electrical safety
  43. 43ISO 17409: conductive power transfer—safety requirements
  44. 44IEC 61851-1 electric vehicle conductive charging system
  45. 45UN Regulation No. 100 Rev.3
  46. 46UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev.8
  47. 47ILO-OSH 2001 guidelines
  48. 48Basel Convention text
  49. 49EVS Benin decision model

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