Market IntelligenceOceania
Papua New Guinea
EVS Papua New Guinea EV Service Centre Market Entry
Decision-grade market-entry report for an EVS service-centre model in Papua New Guinea.
Snapshot: 11 August 202646-page full report
Active plug-in stock
—
No audited active passenger/light-commercial plug-in stock.
Public charging points
—
No authoritative operational public charging count.
Gate jobs
113
EVS gate annual jobs; not a market estimate.
Base payback
15.385
Base simple payback on reversible capex.
Executive summary
The verdict in full
Standalone/franchise is no-go. A reversible Port Moresby partner clinic is conditional on hard evidence gates.
Decision dashboard
Unknown registry and charging denominators are displayed as null, never estimated.
Decision dashboard
| Metric | Value | Unit | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active passenger/LCV BEV stock | — | vehicles | Not published in an authoritative extract | RTA/MVIL data request [rta_home][mvil_registration]. |
| Active passenger/LCV PHEV stock | — | vehicles | Not published in an authoritative extract | RTA/MVIL data request [rta_home][mvil_registration]. |
| Operational public charging points | — | points/connectors | No national census located | Pilot/dealer announcements are not asset registers [ev_pilot][odesh_open]. |
| Vehicle projection | 600,000 | all vehicles in 2030 | Projection, not current stock | CCDA workshop page [ccda_ev_policy]. |
| Grid connection | 20 | % of population | Approximate national access | World Bank; not site reliability [worldbank_neat]. |
| Executable SOM | 0 | jobs/year | Hard control | EVS [evs_model]. |
Active passenger/LCV BEV stock
- Value
- —
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- Not published in an authoritative extract
- Source
- RTA/MVIL data request [rta_home][mvil_registration].
Active passenger/LCV PHEV stock
- Value
- —
- Unit
- vehicles
- Status
- Not published in an authoritative extract
- Source
- RTA/MVIL data request [rta_home][mvil_registration].
Operational public charging points
- Value
- —
- Unit
- points/connectors
- Status
- No national census located
- Source
- Pilot/dealer announcements are not asset registers [ev_pilot][odesh_open].
Vehicle projection
- Value
- 600,000
- Unit
- all vehicles in 2030
- Status
- Projection, not current stock
- Source
- CCDA workshop page [ccda_ev_policy].
Grid connection
- Value
- 20
- Unit
- % of population
- Status
- Approximate national access
- Source
- World Bank; not site reliability [worldbank_neat].
Executable SOM
- Value
- 0
- Unit
- jobs/year
- Status
- Hard control
- Source
- EVS [evs_model].
Market size
Automotive flows and projections do not replace an active plug-in registry extract.
Market size
| Measure | Value | Unit | Date | Definition | Decision Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-vehicle count | 155,000 | vehicles | 2005 | Historical number cited by CCDA. | Context only [ccda_ev_policy]. |
| All-vehicle projection | 600,000 | vehicles | 2030 | CCDA-cited projection. | Scenario denominator only; not current active parc [ccda_ev_policy]. |
| Motor-vehicle imports | 487,600,000 | PGK | 2024 | Official merchandise-trade value without propulsion split. | Automotive-flow context, not EV TAM [nso_2024_trade]. |
| EV-related imports | 27,000,000 | USD | 2017–2024 | ATO trade-classification aggregation. | Direction only; cannot establish vehicles, active stock or passenger mix [ato_profile]. |
| 2024 EV-related road-vehicle import share | 7 | % | 2024 | ATO trade proxy. | Do not use as registration penetration [ato_profile]. |
All-vehicle count
- Value
- 155,000
- Unit
- vehicles
- Date
- 2005
- Definition
- Historical number cited by CCDA.
- Decision Use
- Context only [ccda_ev_policy].
All-vehicle projection
- Value
- 600,000
- Unit
- vehicles
- Date
- 2030
- Definition
- CCDA-cited projection.
- Decision Use
- Scenario denominator only; not current active parc [ccda_ev_policy].
Motor-vehicle imports
- Value
- 487,600,000
- Unit
- PGK
- Date
- 2024
- Definition
- Official merchandise-trade value without propulsion split.
- Decision Use
- Automotive-flow context, not EV TAM [nso_2024_trade].
EV-related imports
- Value
- 27,000,000
- Unit
- USD
- Date
- 2017–2024
- Definition
- ATO trade-classification aggregation.
- Decision Use
- Direction only; cannot establish vehicles, active stock or passenger mix [ato_profile].
2024 EV-related road-vehicle import share
- Value
- 7
- Unit
- %
- Date
- 2024
- Definition
- ATO trade proxy.
- Decision Use
- Do not use as registration penetration [ato_profile].
BEV/PHEV adoption history
The history is policy- and pilot-led; comparable annual sales/stock series is unavailable.
BEV/PHEV adoption history
| Period | Event | Quantity | Meaning | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Enhanced NDC supports lower-emission transport and pilots. | — | Policy direction; not registrations [png_ndc]. | — |
| 2022 draft policy | 15% of new vehicle registrations electric by 2030 reported in profile. | 15 | Draft target; not enacted or achieved [ato_profile][ccda_ev_policy]. | % target |
| 2023 | Profile reports a five-electric-bus pilot. | 5 | Pilot-flow report; active status not verified [ato_profile]. | buses |
| 2025 | EV framework/investment plan/roadmap and communications action plan under validation. | — | Official/development-partner evidence documents were not final [ccda_ev_policy][gggi_emobility]. | — |
| Dec 2025 | Odesh Motors self-reports opening. | — | Commercial presence; sales, charger and after-sales volumes unpublished [odesh_open]. | — |
| Apr–Jun 2026 | NCDC e-bus and three-company EV pilots announced/launched. | — | No delivered-fleet or commissioned-charger count [ncdc_bus][ev_pilot]. | — |
2020
- Event
- Enhanced NDC supports lower-emission transport and pilots.
- Quantity
- —
- Meaning
- Policy direction; not registrations [png_ndc].
- Unit
- —
2022 draft policy
- Event
- 15% of new vehicle registrations electric by 2030 reported in profile.
- Quantity
- 15
- Meaning
- Draft target; not enacted or achieved [ato_profile][ccda_ev_policy].
- Unit
- % target
2023
- Event
- Profile reports a five-electric-bus pilot.
- Quantity
- 5
- Meaning
- Pilot-flow report; active status not verified [ato_profile].
- Unit
- buses
2025
- Event
- EV framework/investment plan/roadmap and communications action plan under validation.
- Quantity
- —
- Meaning
- Official/development-partner evidence documents were not final [ccda_ev_policy][gggi_emobility].
- Unit
- —
Dec 2025
- Event
- Odesh Motors self-reports opening.
- Quantity
- —
- Meaning
- Commercial presence; sales, charger and after-sales volumes unpublished [odesh_open].
- Unit
- —
Apr–Jun 2026
- Event
- NCDC e-bus and three-company EV pilots announced/launched.
- Quantity
- —
- Meaning
- No delivered-fleet or commissioned-charger count [ncdc_bus][ev_pilot].
- Unit
- —
Definition reconciliation
Trade values, targets, vehicles and charging assets remain separate.
Definition reconciliation
| Term | Use | Not Equivalent To |
|---|---|---|
| EV-related imports | Trade/maturity proxy | Registrations, active vehicles or passenger BEV/PHEV stock [ato_profile]. |
| Goods vehicles/buses share | Composition of ATO trade proxy | Active fleet or serviceable vehicle mix. |
| All vehicles | Road fleet projection | Passenger/LCV plug-ins [ccda_ev_policy]. |
| Hybrid | Only when source defines it | PHEV or externally chargeable vehicle. |
| Charging site/point/connector | Separate fields | One another or an operational, public asset. |
| Announcement/pilot | Market signal | Delivered fleet, registration or charger census [ncdc_bus][ev_pilot]. |
EV-related imports
- Use
- Trade/maturity proxy
- Not Equivalent To
- Registrations, active vehicles or passenger BEV/PHEV stock [ato_profile].
Goods vehicles/buses share
- Use
- Composition of ATO trade proxy
- Not Equivalent To
- Active fleet or serviceable vehicle mix.
All vehicles
- Use
- Road fleet projection
- Not Equivalent To
- Passenger/LCV plug-ins [ccda_ev_policy].
Hybrid
- Use
- Only when source defines it
- Not Equivalent To
- PHEV or externally chargeable vehicle.
Charging site/point/connector
- Use
- Separate fields
- Not Equivalent To
- One another or an operational, public asset.
Announcement/pilot
- Use
- Market signal
- Not Equivalent To
- Delivered fleet, registration or charger census [ncdc_bus][ev_pilot].
Get the full Papua New Guinea analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.
2030 scenarios
EVS sensitivity shares applied to an all-vehicle projection; not official forecasts.
2030 scenarios
| Scenario | Plug In Share Pct | Modelled 2030 Active Plug Ins | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cautious | 0.05 | 300 | EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock. |
| Base | 0.15 | 900 | EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock. |
| High | 0.5 | 3,000 | EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock. |
Cautious
- Plug In Share Pct
- 0.05
- Modelled 2030 Active Plug Ins
- 300
- Basis
- EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock.
Base
- Plug In Share Pct
- 0.15
- Modelled 2030 Active Plug Ins
- 900
- Basis
- EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock.
High
- Plug In Share Pct
- 0.5
- Modelled 2030 Active Plug Ins
- 3,000
- Basis
- EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock.
Charging infrastructure
No authoritative national operational inventory was located.
Charging infrastructure
| Asset | Count | Unit | Status | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operational public charging network | — | sites/points/connectors | No authoritative national asset register located. | Request site, connector, power, access, tariff and uptime records. |
| Odesh charging | — | assets | Company self-reports charging at Waigani; no technical or uptime register [odesh_open]. | Physical audit and electrical documentation. |
| Three-company pilot charging | — | assets | Strategic NCD charging announced without count [ev_pilot]. | Obtain commissioning certificates and operator agreement. |
| EV bus charging | — | assets | Fleet expected later in 2026 [ncdc_bus]. | Exclude until delivered and commissioned. |
Operational public charging network
- Count
- —
- Unit
- sites/points/connectors
- Status
- No authoritative national asset register located.
- Decision
- Request site, connector, power, access, tariff and uptime records.
Odesh charging
- Count
- —
- Unit
- assets
- Status
- Company self-reports charging at Waigani; no technical or uptime register [odesh_open].
- Decision
- Physical audit and electrical documentation.
Three-company pilot charging
- Count
- —
- Unit
- assets
- Status
- Strategic NCD charging announced without count [ev_pilot].
- Decision
- Obtain commissioning certificates and operator agreement.
EV bus charging
- Count
- —
- Unit
- assets
- Status
- Fleet expected later in 2026 [ncdc_bus].
- Decision
- Exclude until delivered and commissioned.
Electricity and grid
Low national grid access and unknown site quality favor a measured Port Moresby pilot.
Electricity and grid
| Measure | Value | Unit | Date | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population connected to grid | 20 | approx. % | 2024 | Material access constraint; not NCD site quality [worldbank_neat]. |
Population connected to grid
- Value
- 20
- Unit
- approx. %
- Date
- 2024
- Interpretation
- Material access constraint; not NCD site quality [worldbank_neat].
4 more rows in the full report
Parc age and service demand
Age, used-import mix and failure history are open diligence items.
Parc age and service demand
| Indicator | Value | Implication |
|---|---|---|
| Active plug-in age distribution | — | Cannot quantify out-of-warranty demand; obtain first-registration date/VIN extract. |
| New versus used plug-in registrations | — | Cannot infer failure profile or tooling mix. |
| Passenger versus goods/bus plug-in mix | — | Trade proxy suggests commercial bias but cannot establish active mix [ato_profile]. |
| Climate/road duty | — | Heat, humidity, road and payload hypotheses require fleet inspection; no failure rate is asserted. |
| Battery/12V/thermal failure history | — | Collect symptom, DTC, repair, parts lead time and downtime data during paid inspections. |
Active plug-in age distribution
- Value
- —
- Implication
- Cannot quantify out-of-warranty demand; obtain first-registration date/VIN extract.
New versus used plug-in registrations
- Value
- —
- Implication
- Cannot infer failure profile or tooling mix.
Passenger versus goods/bus plug-in mix
- Value
- —
- Implication
- Trade proxy suggests commercial bias but cannot establish active mix [ato_profile].
Climate/road duty
- Value
- —
- Implication
- Heat, humidity, road and payload hypotheses require fleet inspection; no failure rate is asserted.
Battery/12V/thermal failure history
- Value
- —
- Implication
- Collect symptom, DTC, repair, parts lead time and downtime data during paid inspections.
Get the full Papua New Guinea analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.
TAM / SAM / SOM
Current TAM is null and executable SOM is zero; the launch pool is a threshold.
TAM / SAM / SOM
| Level | Value | Unit | Type | Formula |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current TAM | — | active passenger/LCV BEV+PHEV | Sourced fact unavailable | Requires active registry extract. |
| 2030 vehicle base | 600,000 | all vehicles | Sourced projection | CCDA-cited projection; not current stock [ccda_ev_policy]. |
| Launch threshold | 300 | active NCD passenger/LCV plug-ins | EVS decision gate | Board minimum; not estimate [evs_model]. |
Current TAM
- Value
- —
- Unit
- active passenger/LCV BEV+PHEV
- Type
- Sourced fact unavailable
- Formula
- Requires active registry extract.
2030 vehicle base
- Value
- 600,000
- Unit
- all vehicles
- Type
- Sourced projection
- Formula
- CCDA-cited projection; not current stock [ccda_ev_policy].
Launch threshold
- Value
- 300
- Unit
- active NCD passenger/LCV plug-ins
- Type
- EVS decision gate
- Formula
- Board minimum; not estimate [evs_model].
5 more rows in the full report
Customer segments
Paid evidence takes precedence over interest.
Customer segments
| Priority | Segment | Need | Validation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Port Moresby early adopters and parallel imports | Supported diagnostics, 12V, tyres/brakes/suspension, thermal screening and pre-purchase evidence. | Matched VIN roster and paid bookings. |
| 2 | Taxi/chauffeur and corporate fleets | Uptime and route-cost evidence. | Odesh and other paid inspection trial; do not infer plug-in fleet [odesh_site]. |
| 3 | Light-commercial pilot operators | Payload/thermal/charging diagnosis and planned maintenance. | Delivered vehicle list from pilot consortium [ev_pilot]. |
| 4 | Public e-bus operator | Uptime, depot safety, recovery and parts. | Only after delivered fleet and procurement/service boundaries [ncdc_bus]. |
1
- Segment
- Port Moresby early adopters and parallel imports
- Need
- Supported diagnostics, 12V, tyres/brakes/suspension, thermal screening and pre-purchase evidence.
- Validation
- Matched VIN roster and paid bookings.
2
- Segment
- Taxi/chauffeur and corporate fleets
- Need
- Uptime and route-cost evidence.
- Validation
- Odesh and other paid inspection trial; do not infer plug-in fleet [odesh_site].
3
- Segment
- Light-commercial pilot operators
- Need
- Payload/thermal/charging diagnosis and planned maintenance.
- Validation
- Delivered vehicle list from pilot consortium [ev_pilot].
4
- Segment
- Public e-bus operator
- Need
- Uptime, depot safety, recovery and parts.
- Validation
- Only after delivered fleet and procurement/service boundaries [ncdc_bus].
Fleet segments
Pilots, taxis and public buses are validation targets, not assumed demand.
Fleet segments
| Segment | Evidence | Route |
|---|---|---|
| ODESH taxi/chauffeur platform | More than 100 conventional vehicles self-reported; EV count unknown [odesh_site]. | Paid EV roster audit and clinic day. |
| Turra/Odesh/Sahul pilot | Light vehicles, trucks and buses announced without counts [ev_pilot]. | Service/MOU diligence and VIN list. |
| NCDC buses | First fleet expected later in 2026 [ncdc_bus]. | No revenue until delivery, registration and maintenance procurement. |
| Corporate/mining/project fleets | No verified plug-in count. | 20 fleet interviews and one paid inspection trial. |
ODESH taxi/chauffeur platform
- Evidence
- More than 100 conventional vehicles self-reported; EV count unknown [odesh_site].
- Route
- Paid EV roster audit and clinic day.
Turra/Odesh/Sahul pilot
- Evidence
- Light vehicles, trucks and buses announced without counts [ev_pilot].
- Route
- Service/MOU diligence and VIN list.
NCDC buses
- Evidence
- First fleet expected later in 2026 [ncdc_bus].
- Route
- No revenue until delivery, registration and maintenance procurement.
Corporate/mining/project fleets
- Evidence
- No verified plug-in count.
- Route
- 20 fleet interviews and one paid inspection trial.
Brands and models
No authoritative registered model ranking is available.
Brands and models
| Brand | Model | Type | Evidence | Sales Or Stock |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BYD / Aion | Unverified distribution intention | Passenger EV | Pre-launch secondary report; no RTA registrations or current model list [odesh_prelaunch]. | — |
| Unspecified Chinese solar EVs | Unpublished | Passenger/light vehicle | Odesh opening self-report [odesh_open]. | — |
| Unspecified pilot makes | Light vehicles, trucks and buses | Multi-class EV | Pilot announcement without OEM/model list [ev_pilot]. | — |
| Unspecified e-bus make | Unpublished | Bus | NCDC announcement without delivery/model count [ncdc_bus]. | — |
BYD / Aion
- Model
- Unverified distribution intention
- Type
- Passenger EV
- Evidence
- Pre-launch secondary report; no RTA registrations or current model list [odesh_prelaunch].
- Sales Or Stock
- —
Unspecified Chinese solar EVs
- Model
- Unpublished
- Type
- Passenger/light vehicle
- Evidence
- Odesh opening self-report [odesh_open].
- Sales Or Stock
- —
Unspecified pilot makes
- Model
- Light vehicles, trucks and buses
- Type
- Multi-class EV
- Evidence
- Pilot announcement without OEM/model list [ev_pilot].
- Sales Or Stock
- —
Unspecified e-bus make
- Model
- Unpublished
- Type
- Bus
- Evidence
- NCDC announcement without delivery/model count [ncdc_bus].
- Sales Or Stock
- —
Get the full Papua New Guinea analysis
Competitive matrix, location shortlist, incentives, pilot-centre economics and the 90-day entry plan — sent to your inbox.
OEM and dealer competitors
Partner/referral diligence precedes competition claims.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
OEM and dealer competitors
| Competitor | Location | Strength | Implication |
|---|---|---|---|
| Odesh Motors | Waigani, Port Moresby | First-mover EV sales/charging/after-sales claim [odesh_open]. | Primary partner/competitor; verify authorization, tools, training, stock and warranty. |
| Ela Motors | National, including Port Moresby/Lae | 15-dealership incumbent with service, parts and training [ela_profile]. | Strong general-service benchmark and possible referral/competition; EV capability unverified. |
Odesh Motors
- Location
- Waigani, Port Moresby
- Strength
- First-mover EV sales/charging/after-sales claim [odesh_open].
- Implication
- Primary partner/competitor; verify authorization, tools, training, stock and warranty.
Ela Motors
- Location
- National, including Port Moresby/Lae
- Strength
- 15-dealership incumbent with service, parts and training [ela_profile].
- Implication
- Strong general-service benchmark and possible referral/competition; EV capability unverified.
1 more row in the full report
Independent competitors
Workshop EV/HV capability requires field audit.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Independent competitors
| Type | Verified Count | Capability | Response |
|---|---|---|---|
| General independent workshops | — | EV/HV capability not audited | Map 20 NCD workshops and inspect safety, tooling and referrals. |
| Auto-electrical specialists | — | 12V/charging overlap; traction-HV competence unknown | Restrict to approved supported tasks. |
General independent workshops
- Verified Count
- —
- Capability
- EV/HV capability not audited
- Response
- Map 20 NCD workshops and inspect safety, tooling and referrals.
Auto-electrical specialists
- Verified Count
- —
- Capability
- 12V/charging overlap; traction-HV competence unknown
- Response
- Restrict to approved supported tasks.
2 more rows in the full report
Priority cities and regions
Port Moresby is the only fixed-pilot candidate; Lae is second-stage mobile.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Priority cities and regions
| Priority | Region | Case | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Port Moresby / NCD | Only location with verified EV dealer/pilot signals, NCDC fleet intent, regulators and stronger grid access. | Only fixed partner-clinic candidate [odesh_open][ev_pilot][ncdc_bus]. |
1
- Region
- Port Moresby / NCD
- Case
- Only location with verified EV dealer/pilot signals, NCDC fleet intent, regulators and stronger grid access.
- Decision
- Only fixed partner-clinic candidate [odesh_open][ev_pilot][ncdc_bus].
4 more rows in the full report
Consumer incentives
All identified EV incentives are draft-policy measures.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Consumer incentives
| Measure | Status | Caveat |
|---|---|---|
| Draft first-500 EV purchase incentive | K2,000 per vehicle reported in draft-policy profile. | Not treated as enacted, funded or claimable [ato_profile][ccda_ev_policy]. |
| Draft EV/import waivers | Waivers reported as draft measures. | No current customs ruling located; model assumes no benefit [ato_profile][pwc_other]. |
Draft first-500 EV purchase incentive
- Status
- K2,000 per vehicle reported in draft-policy profile.
- Caveat
- Not treated as enacted, funded or claimable [ato_profile][ccda_ev_policy].
Draft EV/import waivers
- Status
- Waivers reported as draft measures.
- Caveat
- No current customs ruling located; model assumes no benefit [ato_profile][pwc_other].
2 more rows in the full report
Business and investment incentives
No unawarded or unenacted benefit enters economics.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Business and investment incentives
| Instrument | Benefit | Model |
|---|---|---|
| Draft charging equipment/tax waivers | Potential landed-cost relief. | Excluded pending enacted law and written HS/GST/customs ruling [ato_profile][pwc_other]. |
| Foreign investment certification | Market access through compliant entity. | Requirement, not subsidy [ipa_foreign]. |
Draft charging equipment/tax waivers
- Benefit
- Potential landed-cost relief.
- Model
- Excluded pending enacted law and written HS/GST/customs ruling [ato_profile][pwc_other].
Foreign investment certification
- Benefit
- Market access through compliant entity.
- Model
- Requirement, not subsidy [ipa_foreign].
2 more rows in the full report
Tax and payroll snapshot
Current professional/official summaries are planning inputs, not opinions.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Tax and payroll snapshot
| Item | Reported | Model |
|---|---|---|
| Corporate income tax | 30% general rate | Planning only; obtain IRC/local-adviser opinion [pwc_cit]. |
| GST | 10% standard rate | Economics GST-exclusive; registration/recovery/import treatment requires advice [pwc_other]. |
Corporate income tax
- Reported
- 30% general rate
- Model
- Planning only; obtain IRC/local-adviser opinion [pwc_cit].
GST
- Reported
- 10% standard rate
- Model
- Economics GST-exclusive; registration/recovery/import treatment requires advice [pwc_other].
3 more rows in the full report
Entity, licensing and premises
Written approvals are pre-lease gates.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Entity, licensing and premises
| Area | Requirement | Gate |
|---|---|---|
| Entity and foreign certification | Companies Act registration plus Investment Promotion Act certification for foreign enterprise. | IPA certificates and beneficial-owner/annual-return controls [ipa_foreign][ipa_acts]. |
| Tax and payroll | IRC registrations, GST/payroll/superannuation assessment. | Written adviser pack [pwc_cit][pwc_other][bpng_super]. |
Entity and foreign certification
- Requirement
- Companies Act registration plus Investment Promotion Act certification for foreign enterprise.
- Gate
- IPA certificates and beneficial-owner/annual-return controls [ipa_foreign][ipa_acts].
Tax and payroll
- Requirement
- IRC registrations, GST/payroll/superannuation assessment.
- Gate
- Written adviser pack [pwc_cit][pwc_other][bpng_super].
3 more rows in the full report
Labour and competence
Electrical licences and traction-HV competence are distinct.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Labour and competence
| Area | Requirement | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Employment | Current contracts, hours, leave, termination, wage, workers compensation and foreign-work permits. | Local counsel and Labour Department; wage floor [minimum_wage]. |
| Superannuation | Apply headcount/tenure rules and remit mandatory contributions. | Bank of PNG [bpng_super]. |
Employment
- Requirement
- Current contracts, hours, leave, termination, wage, workers compensation and foreign-work permits.
- Source
- Local counsel and Labour Department; wage floor [minimum_wage].
Superannuation
- Requirement
- Apply headcount/tenure rules and remit mandatory contributions.
- Source
- Bank of PNG [bpng_super].
3 more rows in the full report
High-voltage safety
Manufacturer procedures, local law and insurer controls apply.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
High-voltage safety
| Control | Minimum | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Competence | Two assessed technicians; OEM task matrix; annual reauthorization. | No statutory EV/HV technician credential located; electrical licences do not prove traction-battery competence. |
| Safe state | Identify, isolate, lock/tag, prove dead, secure keys, record re-energization. | Manufacturer procedure plus ISO/UNECE benchmarks [iso_6469][un_r100]. |
| Tools/PPE | Rated gloves/tools, CAT meter/proving unit, barriers, rescue hook and inspection logs. | Insurer, fire and legal requirements control. |
| EVSE | Licensed electrical contractor; vehicle technicians do not alter energized supply equipment. | Local electrical law plus IEC/ISO benchmark [electricity_act][iec_61851][iso_17409]. |
| Damaged vehicles | Outdoor isolation/quarantine, thermal observation, recovery plan and emergency liaison. | No pack storage before written approvals. |
Competence
- Minimum
- Two assessed technicians; OEM task matrix; annual reauthorization.
- Status
- No statutory EV/HV technician credential located; electrical licences do not prove traction-battery competence.
Safe state
- Minimum
- Identify, isolate, lock/tag, prove dead, secure keys, record re-energization.
- Status
- Manufacturer procedure plus ISO/UNECE benchmarks [iso_6469][un_r100].
Tools/PPE
- Minimum
- Rated gloves/tools, CAT meter/proving unit, barriers, rescue hook and inspection logs.
- Status
- Insurer, fire and legal requirements control.
EVSE
- Minimum
- Licensed electrical contractor; vehicle technicians do not alter energized supply equipment.
- Status
- Local electrical law plus IEC/ISO benchmark [electricity_act][iec_61851][iso_17409].
Damaged vehicles
- Minimum
- Outdoor isolation/quarantine, thermal observation, recovery plan and emergency liaison.
- Status
- No pack storage before written approvals.
Battery, waste and transport
Traction-pack work is held.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Battery, waste and transport
| Stream | Launch Rule | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| 12V batteries, tyres, fluids and e-waste | Named lawful collector/recipient, segregation and manifests before first job. | Environment Act screening [environment_act][prescribed_reg]. |
| Damaged traction battery/module | No custody, opening, storage, transport or disposal before CEPA/fire/insurer/carrier/recipient written route. | Domestic permit classification plus Basel/Waigani and UN controls [environment_act][basel][waigani][un_tests]. |
12V batteries, tyres, fluids and e-waste
- Launch Rule
- Named lawful collector/recipient, segregation and manifests before first job.
- Evidence
- Environment Act screening [environment_act][prescribed_reg].
Damaged traction battery/module
- Launch Rule
- No custody, opening, storage, transport or disposal before CEPA/fire/insurer/carrier/recipient written route.
- Evidence
- Domestic permit classification plus Basel/Waigani and UN controls [environment_act][basel][waigani][un_tests].
3 more rows in the full report
Data, consumer and warranty
Independent status, scope and custody controls must be explicit.
Data, consumer and warranty
| Area | Control | Gate |
|---|---|---|
| Customer/VIN/telemetry data | Purpose, consent, minimization, access, retention, security and processor mapping. | PNG counsel opinion; no comprehensive general data-protection regime is assumed. |
| Cloud diagnostics | Map recipients/countries; supported subscriptions; no security bypass. | Contract and legal review before upload. |
| Consumer terms | Written quote, scope, parts provenance, warranty, rework, custody and complaints. | ICCC-aligned English/Tok Pisin documentation [iccc]. |
| OEM status | Do not imply BYD, Aion or other OEM authorization without contract. | Written authorization and supported VIN/task matrix [odesh_prelaunch]. |
Customer/VIN/telemetry data
- Control
- Purpose, consent, minimization, access, retention, security and processor mapping.
- Gate
- PNG counsel opinion; no comprehensive general data-protection regime is assumed.
Cloud diagnostics
- Control
- Map recipients/countries; supported subscriptions; no security bypass.
- Gate
- Contract and legal review before upload.
Consumer terms
- Control
- Written quote, scope, parts provenance, warranty, rework, custody and complaints.
- Gate
- ICCC-aligned English/Tok Pisin documentation [iccc].
OEM status
- Control
- Do not imply BYD, Aion or other OEM authorization without contract.
- Gate
- Written authorization and supported VIN/task matrix [odesh_prelaunch].
Recommended service portfolio
Launch with low-complexity, evidence-rich tasks.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Recommended service portfolio
| Phase | Services | Boundary |
|---|---|---|
| Launch | OBD scan/report; non-invasive thermal/SOH screen; 12V; tyres/alignment; brakes; suspension; cooling/AC; pre-purchase; fleet inspection | Supported VIN/tasks only. |
| Mobile/fleet | Controlled inspection days and non-invasive triage | No energized HV or fixed-wiring work. |
| After evidence | Selected de-energized HV auxiliaries and vehicle-side charge-port diagnosis | Training, tooling, insurer, parts and emergency gate. |
| Hold | Pack opening/removal/storage/shipping; collision structure; unsupported coding; energized EVSE; ADAS without calibration proof | Separate board/compliance approval. |
Launch
- Services
- OBD scan/report; non-invasive thermal/SOH screen; 12V; tyres/alignment; brakes; suspension; cooling/AC; pre-purchase; fleet inspection
- Boundary
- Supported VIN/tasks only.
Mobile/fleet
- Services
- Controlled inspection days and non-invasive triage
- Boundary
- No energized HV or fixed-wiring work.
After evidence
- Services
- Selected de-energized HV auxiliaries and vehicle-side charge-port diagnosis
- Boundary
- Training, tooling, insurer, parts and emergency gate.
Hold
- Services
- Pack opening/removal/storage/shipping; collision structure; unsupported coding; energized EVSE; ADAS without calibration proof
- Boundary
- Separate board/compliance approval.
Operating model
A managed partner bay preserves reversibility.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Operating model
| Component | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Format | One managed bay inside a compliant Port Moresby partner workshop; no standalone lease. |
| Commercial | PGK menu pricing, deposits and evidence packs; no draft incentive assumed. |
| Inventory | Consumables only; VIN-specific parts against deposit; no traction-pack inventory. |
| Quality | Digital intake, before/after scan, photo/thermal evidence, torque checklist and referral log. |
| Power | Dedicated protected supply, earthing test, outage log and backup for IT/diagnostics; no fast charger in pilot. |
| Logistics | Parts-consolidation SLA and scheduled Lae visits after Port Moresby proof. |
Format
- Recommendation
- One managed bay inside a compliant Port Moresby partner workshop; no standalone lease.
Commercial
- Recommendation
- PGK menu pricing, deposits and evidence packs; no draft incentive assumed.
Inventory
- Recommendation
- Consumables only; VIN-specific parts against deposit; no traction-pack inventory.
Quality
- Recommendation
- Digital intake, before/after scan, photo/thermal evidence, torque checklist and referral log.
Power
- Recommendation
- Dedicated protected supply, earthing test, outage log and backup for IT/diagnostics; no fast charger in pilot.
Logistics
- Recommendation
- Parts-consolidation SLA and scheduled Lae visits after Port Moresby proof.
Franchise model
Standalone rollout is deferred.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Franchise model
| Stage | Model | Commitment |
|---|---|---|
| 0–90 days | Managed partner clinic | Reversible capex ≤PGK200,000; no long lease, exclusivity or pack stock. |
| Post-pilot | Licensed service cell | Only after continuation gate and twelve-month data. |
| Lae service days | Partner/mobile route | Only after paid demand and parts/power test. |
| Standalone franchise | Deferred | Requires verified stock, sustained jobs, lawful battery route and ≤3-year base payback. |
0–90 days
- Model
- Managed partner clinic
- Commitment
- Reversible capex ≤PGK200,000; no long lease, exclusivity or pack stock.
Post-pilot
- Model
- Licensed service cell
- Commitment
- Only after continuation gate and twelve-month data.
Lae service days
- Model
- Partner/mobile route
- Commitment
- Only after paid demand and parts/power test.
Standalone franchise
- Model
- Deferred
- Commitment
- Requires verified stock, sustained jobs, lawful battery route and ≤3-year base payback.
Annual pilot economics
All values are EVS assumptions in nominal PGK.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Annual pilot economics
| Scenario | Jobs | Aro Pgk | Gross Margin Pct | Opex Pgk | Revenue Pgk | Gross Profit Pgk | Ebitda Pgk | Payback Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cautious | 35 | 1,400 | 55 | 60,000 | 49,000 | 26,950 | -33,050 | — |
Cautious
- Jobs
- 35
- Aro Pgk
- 1,400
- Gross Margin Pct
- 55
- Opex Pgk
- 60,000
- Revenue Pgk
- 49,000
- Gross Profit Pgk
- 26,950
- Ebitda Pgk
- -33,050
- Payback Years
- —
2 more rows in the full report
90-day pilot economics
Continuation requires the base gate.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
90-day pilot economics
| Scenario | Jobs 90d | Aro Pgk | Gross Margin Pct | Opex Pgk | Revenue Pgk | Gross Profit Pgk | Ebitda Pgk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cautious | 9 | 1,400 | 55 | 15,000 | 12,600 | 6,930 | -8,070 |
Cautious
- Jobs 90d
- 9
- Aro Pgk
- 1,400
- Gross Margin Pct
- 55
- Opex Pgk
- 15,000
- Revenue Pgk
- 12,600
- Gross Profit Pgk
- 6,930
- Ebitda Pgk
- -8,070
2 more rows in the full report
Risks
Data absence, draft policy, grid, safety and logistics drive the decision.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Risks
| Risk | Likelihood | Impact | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active plug-in denominator absent | High | Critical | RTA/MVIL/dealer/insurer/fleet VIN reconciliation; SOM zero. |
| Policy/incentives remain draft | High | High | No benefit in economics; require gazette/customs/IRC rulings. |
| Grid access and reliability | High | High | Port Moresby-only pilot, power test, outage log and protected backup. |
| Sparse brands/tools/parts | High | High | Supported VIN/task list, deposits, referral and parts SLA. |
| Pack fire/waste route | Medium | Critical | No custody until written route and drill. |
| Demand/base payback unattractive | High | High | Paid gates, capex cap and no standalone site. |
| Announcements mistaken for operating assets | High | High | Require delivered VINs, registrations and commissioning certificates. |
| FX/import/logistics delay | High | High | Deposits, landed-cost quotes, consumables-only inventory and service-level contracts. |
Active plug-in denominator absent
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- Critical
- Mitigation
- RTA/MVIL/dealer/insurer/fleet VIN reconciliation; SOM zero.
Policy/incentives remain draft
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- No benefit in economics; require gazette/customs/IRC rulings.
Grid access and reliability
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- Port Moresby-only pilot, power test, outage log and protected backup.
Sparse brands/tools/parts
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- Supported VIN/task list, deposits, referral and parts SLA.
Pack fire/waste route
- Likelihood
- Medium
- Impact
- Critical
- Mitigation
- No custody until written route and drill.
Demand/base payback unattractive
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- Paid gates, capex cap and no standalone site.
Announcements mistaken for operating assets
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- Require delivered VINs, registrations and commissioning certificates.
FX/import/logistics delay
- Likelihood
- High
- Impact
- High
- Mitigation
- Deposits, landed-cost quotes, consumables-only inventory and service-level contracts.
Mitigations
Controls are documentary and auditable.
Mitigations
| Control | Action | Owner | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Denominator | Match active registration, VIN, class, propulsion, location, first-registration date and owner type; de-duplicate. | Country lead | Signed data memo. |
| Paid demand | 20 paid/refundable bookings plus one paid trial or binding LOI covering ≥10 plug-ins. | Commercial lead | Receipts/contracts. |
| Capability | Two assessed technicians, supported-tool proof and rescue drill. | Technical lead | Assessment/drill records. |
| Compliance | Entity, tax, labour, site, RTA, electrical, fire, environment/waste, consumer/data and insurer pack. | Legal/operations | Written approvals. |
| Capital | Cap irreversible spend at PGK200,000 and hold pack inventory. | Board | Approved purchase ledger. |
Denominator
- Action
- Match active registration, VIN, class, propulsion, location, first-registration date and owner type; de-duplicate.
- Owner
- Country lead
- Evidence
- Signed data memo.
Paid demand
- Action
- 20 paid/refundable bookings plus one paid trial or binding LOI covering ≥10 plug-ins.
- Owner
- Commercial lead
- Evidence
- Receipts/contracts.
Capability
- Action
- Two assessed technicians, supported-tool proof and rescue drill.
- Owner
- Technical lead
- Evidence
- Assessment/drill records.
Compliance
- Action
- Entity, tax, labour, site, RTA, electrical, fire, environment/waste, consumer/data and insurer pack.
- Owner
- Legal/operations
- Evidence
- Written approvals.
Capital
- Action
- Cap irreversible spend at PGK200,000 and hold pack inventory.
- Owner
- Board
- Evidence
- Approved purchase ledger.
90-day entry plan
No irreversible commitment before gate review.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
90-day entry plan
| Days | Objective | Deliverables |
|---|---|---|
| 1–15 | Verify denominator | RTA/MVIL active BEV/PHEV extract; dealer/insurer/fleet VIN files; charging asset-register request; definition memo. |
1–15
- Objective
- Verify denominator
- Deliverables
- RTA/MVIL active BEV/PHEV extract; dealer/insurer/fleet VIN files; charging asset-register request; definition memo.
5 more rows in the full report
Go / no-go gates
All launch gates are open; standalone is no-go.
Full analysis available in the complete report
Detailed findings, comparison matrices and recommendations.
Go / no-go gates
| Gate | Threshold | Status |
|---|---|---|
| G0 data | ≥300 matched active NCD passenger/LCV plug-ins with propulsion/class/location/age and duplicate control | OPEN |
G0 data
- Threshold
- ≥300 matched active NCD passenger/LCV plug-ins with propulsion/class/location/age and duplicate control
- Status
- OPEN
6 more rows in the full report
Methodology
Source facts and EVS assumptions remain distinct.
Methodology
| Step | Method | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Freeze definitions | Active registered passenger/LCV BEV/PHEV; do not mix HEVs, motorcycles, buses, trade values, targets, sites, points or connectors. |
| 2 | Prioritize primary sources | CCDA, RTA, MVIL, NSO, NCDC, utility, regulators and official legal routes. |
| 3 | Label secondary/commercial evidence | ATO trade/readiness proxy, media pilot reports and company claims are not registry facts. |
| 4 | Size only supported quantities | Current TAM null; launch threshold is a gate; executable SOM zero. |
| 5 | Model transparent sensitivities | 2030 shares and all economics are EVS assumptions; nominal PGK, GST-exclusive, pre-tax. |
| 6 | Convert uncertainty to gates | Data, paid demand, capability, compliance, site and continuation evidence. |
1
- Method
- Freeze definitions
- Detail
- Active registered passenger/LCV BEV/PHEV; do not mix HEVs, motorcycles, buses, trade values, targets, sites, points or connectors.
2
- Method
- Prioritize primary sources
- Detail
- CCDA, RTA, MVIL, NSO, NCDC, utility, regulators and official legal routes.
3
- Method
- Label secondary/commercial evidence
- Detail
- ATO trade/readiness proxy, media pilot reports and company claims are not registry facts.
4
- Method
- Size only supported quantities
- Detail
- Current TAM null; launch threshold is a gate; executable SOM zero.
5
- Method
- Model transparent sensitivities
- Detail
- 2030 shares and all economics are EVS assumptions; nominal PGK, GST-exclusive, pre-tax.
6
- Method
- Convert uncertainty to gates
- Detail
- Data, paid demand, capability, compliance, site and continuation evidence.
Priority data requests
The first 30 days are denominator-led.
Priority data requests
| Priority | Gap | Owner | Decision Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Active BEV/PHEV passenger/LCV stock by province, class, age and owner type | RTA/MVIL | TAM, location and service demand. |
| 2 | Annual BEV/PHEV registrations by new/used and denominator | RTA/MVIL/NSO | Adoption history and forecast. |
| 3 | Operational charger site/connector/power/access/tariff/uptime register | NEA/PNG Power/operators | Charging and service scope. |
| 4 | Delivered pilot vehicles, OEM/model/VIN/warranty/service and parts data | Odesh/Turra/Sahul/NCDC/dealers | Supported scope and competition. |
| 5 | Lawful damaged-battery carrier, storage and final recipient | CEPA/fire/ports/carriers/insurer | Pack-work boundary. |
| 6 | Candidate site capacity, phase, earthing, protection, outage and backup data | Licensed engineer/PNG Power | Safety and cost. |
| 7 | Paid repair need, ARO, parts lead time and willingness to pay | EVS field team | Commercial continuation. |
1
- Gap
- Active BEV/PHEV passenger/LCV stock by province, class, age and owner type
- Owner
- RTA/MVIL
- Decision Effect
- TAM, location and service demand.
2
- Gap
- Annual BEV/PHEV registrations by new/used and denominator
- Owner
- RTA/MVIL/NSO
- Decision Effect
- Adoption history and forecast.
3
- Gap
- Operational charger site/connector/power/access/tariff/uptime register
- Owner
- NEA/PNG Power/operators
- Decision Effect
- Charging and service scope.
4
- Gap
- Delivered pilot vehicles, OEM/model/VIN/warranty/service and parts data
- Owner
- Odesh/Turra/Sahul/NCDC/dealers
- Decision Effect
- Supported scope and competition.
5
- Gap
- Lawful damaged-battery carrier, storage and final recipient
- Owner
- CEPA/fire/ports/carriers/insurer
- Decision Effect
- Pack-work boundary.
6
- Gap
- Candidate site capacity, phase, earthing, protection, outage and backup data
- Owner
- Licensed engineer/PNG Power
- Decision Effect
- Safety and cost.
7
- Gap
- Paid repair need, ARO, parts lead time and willingness to pay
- Owner
- EVS field team
- Decision Effect
- Commercial continuation.
Complete linked source register
Every source records publication/access information, classification, link and decision use.
Complete linked source register
| Source Id | Publisher | Publication Date | Accessed At | Classification | Url | Decision Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ccda_ev_policy | Climate Change and Development Authority | 2025-06-29 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://ccda.gov.pg/electric-vehicle-policy-framework-investment-plan-and-implementation-roadmap-validation-workshop/ | Official evidence that the EV policy framework, investment plan and roadmap were still being validated; reports transport share of energy emissions and a vehicle-count projection from 155,000 in 2005 to 600,000 in 2030. |
| gggi_emobility | Global Green Growth Institute | 2025-07-23 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://gggi.org/papua-new-guinea-powers-ahead-on-e-mobility/ | Development-partner evidence of a draft communications strategy and action plan under the Department of Transport/CCDA/GGGI programme. |
| ato_profile | Asian Transport Observatory | 2026-01-01 | 2026-08-11 | Authoritative secondary synthesis | https://asiantransportobservatory.org/analytical-outputs/transportclimateprofiles/papua-new-guinea-transport-and-climate-profile-2026/ | Authoritative synthesis used only with labels: reports draft-policy targets, trade-classification proxies and readiness score; not a registry or enacted policy. |
| png_ndc | UNFCCC / Government of Papua New Guinea | 2020-12-16 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf | Official climate commitment route supporting low-emission transport and pilot context; not an EV sales or stock source. |
| ccda_btr | Climate Change and Development Authority | 2026-01-21 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://ccda.gov.pg/eywa-resources/3326/ | Official current climate-reporting publication route; no vehicle-level EV registry table was extracted. |
| ev_pilot | The National | 2026-06-19 | 2026-08-11 | Secondary media reporting named market participants | https://www.thenational.com.pg/electric-vehicle-pilot-programme-launched/ | Reports Turra Holdings, Odesh Motors and Sahul Energy launching a first pilot to bring light vehicles, trucks and buses and develop NCD charging; no delivered vehicle or charger count stated. |
| ncdc_bus | National Capital District Commission | 2026-04-12 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.ncdc.gov.pg/media/city_sivarai/parkop-secures-electric-buses-and-waste-to-energy-solution-for-port-moresby.html | Official announcement that a first fleet was expected later in 2026; no delivered count or operational evidence. |
| odesh_open | Odesh Motors founder / LinkedIn | 2025-12-01 | 2026-08-11 | Commercial self-report | https://www.linkedin.com/posts/isaac-jipsy-mba-8257942a_odesh-motors-now-officially-open-activity-7400771150928330752-w4ry | Self-reported dealership, charging, taxi fleet and after-sales opening in Waigani; no audited unit, charger or service volumes. |
| odesh_site | ODESH | — | 2026-08-11 | Commercial self-report | https://www.odesh.net/ | Company site reports more than 100 registered conventional taxis/chauffeurs and a Port Moresby platform; this is a fleet-partnership route, not plug-in stock. |
| odesh_prelaunch | The PNG Bulletin | 2024-12-01 | 2026-08-11 | Secondary commercial reporting | https://thepngbulletin.com/news/business/odesh-set-to-lead-pngs-electric-vehicle-revolution/ | Secondary pre-launch report of intended BYD/Aion distribution and EV service/charging; intentions are not registrations or OEM authorization evidence. |
| rta_home | Road Traffic Authority | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.rta.gov.pg/ | Official regulator remit for land transport, vehicle inspection, registration, public vehicles and driver licensing. |
| rta_registration | Road Traffic Authority | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.rta.gov.pg/licences-approvals/vehicle-registration/ | Official registration route: first registration requires roadworthiness certification, current compulsory third-party insurance and fees. |
| mvil_registration | Motor Vehicle Insurance Limited | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://mvil.com.pg/services/vehicle-registration | Official delegated service route for registration and compulsory third-party insurance. |
| pmnec_mvil_rta | Department of Prime Minister and National Executive Council | 2025-08-11 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.pmnec.gov.pg/acting-chief-secretary-to-government-mr-ivan-pomaleu-obe-clarifies-motor-vehicle-insurance-limited-mvil-and-the-road-transport-authority-rta/ | Official clarification of RTA as regulator and interim MVIL delivery arrangements. |
| nso_2024_trade | National Statistical Office | 2025-01-01 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/economy/international-merchandise-trade/2024-release/ | Official trade release reports K487.6m of motor-vehicle imports in 2024 but has no propulsion split; inconsistent subcomponents are excluded from market sizing. |
| nso_2025q1 | National Statistical Office | 2025-07-01 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/economy/international-merchandise-trade/2025-q1-release/ | Official flow context for goods/public-transport vehicles and parts; no BEV/PHEV split. |
| worldbank_neat | World Bank | 2024-11-29 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/11/29/world-bank-announces-transformative-energy-access-project-to-benefit-400-000-papua-new-guineans | Reports approximately 20% grid connection, below 15% rural connection, a 70% 2030 goal and a US$204m access project; national access is not site power quality. |
| png_power | PNG Power Limited | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://pngpower.com.pg/ | Official utility site reports approximately 580 MW installed capacity and 4,100 km of network lines; site supply and outages require measurement. |
| png_power_outages | PNG Power Limited | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://pngpower.com.pg/outage-and-maintenance/ | Official current outage route; dynamic notices are not a historical reliability series. |
| gggi_power | Global Green Growth Institute | 2025-12-02 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://gggi.org/mou-signed-to-boost-green-energy-transformation-in-png/ | Evidence of PNG Power/GGGI cooperation; not workshop power-quality evidence. |
| adb_energy | Asian Development Bank | 2025-12-16 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.adb.org/news/adb-approves-275-million-financing-expand-access-finance-clean-energy-and-transport-png | Development-finance context; no EVS grant or service-centre benefit is assumed. |
| ipa_registry | Investment Promotion Authority | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.ipa.gov.pg/corp/index.aspx | Official online company and foreign-enterprise registry route. |
| ipa_foreign | Investment Promotion Authority | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.ipa.gov.pg/public/help.aspx?cn=BusinessRegulations | Official guidance: foreign enterprises register under the Companies Act and apply for certification under the Investment Promotion Act. |
| ipa_acts | Investment Promotion Authority | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.ipa.gov.pg/public/help.aspx?cn=ActsAndRegulations | Official legal route for Companies Act 1997/2014 amendments and Investment Promotion Act 1992/2023 amendment. |
| pwc_cit | PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries | 2026-03-27 | 2026-08-11 | Current professional tax summary | https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/papua-new-guinea/corporate/taxes-on-corporate-income | Current professional summary: 30% general corporate income-tax rate for resident companies and non-resident permanent establishments; advice controls. |
| pwc_other | PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries | 2026-03-27 | 2026-08-11 | Current professional tax summary | https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/papua-new-guinea/corporate/other-taxes | Current professional summary: 10% GST on most supplies and import-GST deferral subject to approval/compliance; no EV-specific exemption inferred. |
| bpng_super | Bank of Papua New Guinea | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.bankpng.gov.pg/publications/public-notices/employer-and-employee-superannuation-contributions | Official guidance: employers with 15+ employees remit 8.4% employer and 6% employee contributions after qualifying employment. |
| minimum_wage | The National | 2025-09-23 | 2026-08-11 | Secondary report of gazetted determination | https://www.thenational.com.pg/new-minimum-wage-gazetted-to-take-effect-in-january/ | Reports gazetted K5/hour from 1 January 2026 and staged increases; verify the gazette and any activity-specific conditions. |
| nea_act | Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program | 2021-04-21 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://lpr.adb.org/resource/national-energy-authority-act-2021-papua-new-guinea | Authoritative legal summary: electricity supply is regulated and undertakers/contractors require licensing. |
| nea_policies | National Energy Authority | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://nea-live.eywaapps.net/policies | Official route for 2025 regulations, PV/BESS framework and electrician/electrical-contractor licensing guidance. |
| electricity_act | UN ESCAP Asia Pacific Energy Portal | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/2864 | Authoritative legal text route: electrical wiring work must be performed by licensed persons or under licensed supervision. |
| electricity_reg | UN ESCAP Asia Pacific Energy Portal | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://policy.thinkbluedata.com/node/1211 | Authoritative legal route for completion/test certificates and safe electrical apparatus/installation. |
| environment_act | Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program | 2001-04-19 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://lpr.adb.org/resource/environment-act-2000-papua-new-guinea | Authoritative legal summary covering environmental harm, precaution and permits for Level 2/3 activities. |
| prescribed_reg | Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program | 2006-11-25 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://lpr.adb.org/resource/environment-prescribed-activities-regulation-2002-papua-new-guinea | Authoritative legal summary classifying Level 1/2/3 activities including waste disposal and discharges. |
| iccc | ICCC | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://iccc.gov.pg/ | Official consumer watchdog route for misleading/deceptive conduct, unsafe goods, fair trading and complaints. |
| ela_profile | Ela Motors PNG | — | 2026-08-11 | Commercial primary source | https://www.toyota-png.com/corporate-profile/ | Dealer source: 15 dealerships, service/parts and long-running technical training; no plug-in sales or service volume. |
| ela_lae | The National | 2026-07-09 | 2026-08-11 | Secondary competitor evidence | https://www.thenational.com.pg/new-ela-motors-lae-branch-the-largest-in-png/ | Secondary evidence of incumbent dealer service and heavy-vehicle capability in Lae. |
| iso_6469 | ISO | 2021-01-01 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.iso.org/standard/45477.html | International benchmark; PNG adoption and legal effect are not assumed. |
| iso_17409 | ISO | 2020-01-01 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.iso.org/standard/68474.html | International charging-safety benchmark; not local approval. |
| iec_61851 | IEC | 2017-02-01 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 | International EVSE benchmark; local adoption/conformity must be confirmed. |
| un_r100 | UNECE | 2022-03-01 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://unece.org/transport/documents/2022/03/standards/un-regulation-no-100-rev3 | International electric-powertrain safety benchmark; national applicability not assumed. |
| un_tests | UNECE | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/rev8-files | International lithium-battery transport test framework; carrier and competent-authority approvals still control. |
| basel | Basel Convention Secretariat | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/1275/Default.aspx | International hazardous-waste movement framework; PNG competent-authority procedure controls. |
| waigani | SPREP | — | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.sprep.org/convention-secretariat/waigani-convention | Regional hazardous/radioactive-waste control route; applicability and procedure require CEPA confirmation. |
| ilo_osh | International Labour Organization | 2001-12-06 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.ilo.org/publications/guidelines-occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-ilo-osh-2001 | International OSH management benchmark; not a substitute for PNG law. |
| evs_model | EVS Worldwide | 2026-08-11 | 2026-08-11 | Primary / authoritative | https://www.evsworldwide.com/ | All gates, sensitivities and economics are EVS assumptions unless explicitly attributed. |
ccda_ev_policy
- Publisher
- Climate Change and Development Authority
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-29
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://ccda.gov.pg/electric-vehicle-policy-framework-investment-plan-and-implementation-roadmap-validation-workshop/
- Decision Use
- Official evidence that the EV policy framework, investment plan and roadmap were still being validated; reports transport share of energy emissions and a vehicle-count projection from 155,000 in 2005 to 600,000 in 2030.
gggi_emobility
- Publisher
- Global Green Growth Institute
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-23
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://gggi.org/papua-new-guinea-powers-ahead-on-e-mobility/
- Decision Use
- Development-partner evidence of a draft communications strategy and action plan under the Department of Transport/CCDA/GGGI programme.
ato_profile
- Publisher
- Asian Transport Observatory
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Authoritative secondary synthesis
- Url
- https://asiantransportobservatory.org/analytical-outputs/transportclimateprofiles/papua-new-guinea-transport-and-climate-profile-2026/
- Decision Use
- Authoritative synthesis used only with labels: reports draft-policy targets, trade-classification proxies and readiness score; not a registry or enacted policy.
png_ndc
- Publisher
- UNFCCC / Government of Papua New Guinea
- Publication Date
- 2020-12-16
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf
- Decision Use
- Official climate commitment route supporting low-emission transport and pilot context; not an EV sales or stock source.
ccda_btr
- Publisher
- Climate Change and Development Authority
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-21
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://ccda.gov.pg/eywa-resources/3326/
- Decision Use
- Official current climate-reporting publication route; no vehicle-level EV registry table was extracted.
ev_pilot
- Publisher
- The National
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Secondary media reporting named market participants
- Url
- https://www.thenational.com.pg/electric-vehicle-pilot-programme-launched/
- Decision Use
- Reports Turra Holdings, Odesh Motors and Sahul Energy launching a first pilot to bring light vehicles, trucks and buses and develop NCD charging; no delivered vehicle or charger count stated.
ncdc_bus
- Publisher
- National Capital District Commission
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-12
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.ncdc.gov.pg/media/city_sivarai/parkop-secures-electric-buses-and-waste-to-energy-solution-for-port-moresby.html
- Decision Use
- Official announcement that a first fleet was expected later in 2026; no delivered count or operational evidence.
odesh_open
- Publisher
- Odesh Motors founder / LinkedIn
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Commercial self-report
- Url
- https://www.linkedin.com/posts/isaac-jipsy-mba-8257942a_odesh-motors-now-officially-open-activity-7400771150928330752-w4ry
- Decision Use
- Self-reported dealership, charging, taxi fleet and after-sales opening in Waigani; no audited unit, charger or service volumes.
odesh_site
- Publisher
- ODESH
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Commercial self-report
- Url
- https://www.odesh.net/
- Decision Use
- Company site reports more than 100 registered conventional taxis/chauffeurs and a Port Moresby platform; this is a fleet-partnership route, not plug-in stock.
odesh_prelaunch
- Publisher
- The PNG Bulletin
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Secondary commercial reporting
- Url
- https://thepngbulletin.com/news/business/odesh-set-to-lead-pngs-electric-vehicle-revolution/
- Decision Use
- Secondary pre-launch report of intended BYD/Aion distribution and EV service/charging; intentions are not registrations or OEM authorization evidence.
rta_home
- Publisher
- Road Traffic Authority
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.rta.gov.pg/
- Decision Use
- Official regulator remit for land transport, vehicle inspection, registration, public vehicles and driver licensing.
rta_registration
- Publisher
- Road Traffic Authority
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.rta.gov.pg/licences-approvals/vehicle-registration/
- Decision Use
- Official registration route: first registration requires roadworthiness certification, current compulsory third-party insurance and fees.
mvil_registration
- Publisher
- Motor Vehicle Insurance Limited
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://mvil.com.pg/services/vehicle-registration
- Decision Use
- Official delegated service route for registration and compulsory third-party insurance.
pmnec_mvil_rta
- Publisher
- Department of Prime Minister and National Executive Council
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-11
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.pmnec.gov.pg/acting-chief-secretary-to-government-mr-ivan-pomaleu-obe-clarifies-motor-vehicle-insurance-limited-mvil-and-the-road-transport-authority-rta/
- Decision Use
- Official clarification of RTA as regulator and interim MVIL delivery arrangements.
nso_2024_trade
- Publisher
- National Statistical Office
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/economy/international-merchandise-trade/2024-release/
- Decision Use
- Official trade release reports K487.6m of motor-vehicle imports in 2024 but has no propulsion split; inconsistent subcomponents are excluded from market sizing.
nso_2025q1
- Publisher
- National Statistical Office
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/economy/international-merchandise-trade/2025-q1-release/
- Decision Use
- Official flow context for goods/public-transport vehicles and parts; no BEV/PHEV split.
worldbank_neat
- Publisher
- World Bank
- Publication Date
- 2024-11-29
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/11/29/world-bank-announces-transformative-energy-access-project-to-benefit-400-000-papua-new-guineans
- Decision Use
- Reports approximately 20% grid connection, below 15% rural connection, a 70% 2030 goal and a US$204m access project; national access is not site power quality.
png_power
- Publisher
- PNG Power Limited
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://pngpower.com.pg/
- Decision Use
- Official utility site reports approximately 580 MW installed capacity and 4,100 km of network lines; site supply and outages require measurement.
png_power_outages
- Publisher
- PNG Power Limited
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://pngpower.com.pg/outage-and-maintenance/
- Decision Use
- Official current outage route; dynamic notices are not a historical reliability series.
gggi_power
- Publisher
- Global Green Growth Institute
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-02
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://gggi.org/mou-signed-to-boost-green-energy-transformation-in-png/
- Decision Use
- Evidence of PNG Power/GGGI cooperation; not workshop power-quality evidence.
adb_energy
- Publisher
- Asian Development Bank
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-16
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.adb.org/news/adb-approves-275-million-financing-expand-access-finance-clean-energy-and-transport-png
- Decision Use
- Development-finance context; no EVS grant or service-centre benefit is assumed.
ipa_registry
- Publisher
- Investment Promotion Authority
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.ipa.gov.pg/corp/index.aspx
- Decision Use
- Official online company and foreign-enterprise registry route.
ipa_foreign
- Publisher
- Investment Promotion Authority
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.ipa.gov.pg/public/help.aspx?cn=BusinessRegulations
- Decision Use
- Official guidance: foreign enterprises register under the Companies Act and apply for certification under the Investment Promotion Act.
ipa_acts
- Publisher
- Investment Promotion Authority
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.ipa.gov.pg/public/help.aspx?cn=ActsAndRegulations
- Decision Use
- Official legal route for Companies Act 1997/2014 amendments and Investment Promotion Act 1992/2023 amendment.
pwc_cit
- Publisher
- PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Current professional tax summary
- Url
- https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/papua-new-guinea/corporate/taxes-on-corporate-income
- Decision Use
- Current professional summary: 30% general corporate income-tax rate for resident companies and non-resident permanent establishments; advice controls.
pwc_other
- Publisher
- PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Current professional tax summary
- Url
- https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/papua-new-guinea/corporate/other-taxes
- Decision Use
- Current professional summary: 10% GST on most supplies and import-GST deferral subject to approval/compliance; no EV-specific exemption inferred.
bpng_super
- Publisher
- Bank of Papua New Guinea
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.bankpng.gov.pg/publications/public-notices/employer-and-employee-superannuation-contributions
- Decision Use
- Official guidance: employers with 15+ employees remit 8.4% employer and 6% employee contributions after qualifying employment.
minimum_wage
- Publisher
- The National
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-23
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Secondary report of gazetted determination
- Url
- https://www.thenational.com.pg/new-minimum-wage-gazetted-to-take-effect-in-january/
- Decision Use
- Reports gazetted K5/hour from 1 January 2026 and staged increases; verify the gazette and any activity-specific conditions.
nea_act
- Publisher
- Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program
- Publication Date
- 2021-04-21
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://lpr.adb.org/resource/national-energy-authority-act-2021-papua-new-guinea
- Decision Use
- Authoritative legal summary: electricity supply is regulated and undertakers/contractors require licensing.
nea_policies
- Publisher
- National Energy Authority
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://nea-live.eywaapps.net/policies
- Decision Use
- Official route for 2025 regulations, PV/BESS framework and electrician/electrical-contractor licensing guidance.
electricity_act
- Publisher
- UN ESCAP Asia Pacific Energy Portal
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/2864
- Decision Use
- Authoritative legal text route: electrical wiring work must be performed by licensed persons or under licensed supervision.
electricity_reg
- Publisher
- UN ESCAP Asia Pacific Energy Portal
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://policy.thinkbluedata.com/node/1211
- Decision Use
- Authoritative legal route for completion/test certificates and safe electrical apparatus/installation.
environment_act
- Publisher
- Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program
- Publication Date
- 2001-04-19
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://lpr.adb.org/resource/environment-act-2000-papua-new-guinea
- Decision Use
- Authoritative legal summary covering environmental harm, precaution and permits for Level 2/3 activities.
prescribed_reg
- Publisher
- Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program
- Publication Date
- 2006-11-25
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://lpr.adb.org/resource/environment-prescribed-activities-regulation-2002-papua-new-guinea
- Decision Use
- Authoritative legal summary classifying Level 1/2/3 activities including waste disposal and discharges.
iccc
- Publisher
- ICCC
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://iccc.gov.pg/
- Decision Use
- Official consumer watchdog route for misleading/deceptive conduct, unsafe goods, fair trading and complaints.
ela_profile
- Publisher
- Ela Motors PNG
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Commercial primary source
- Url
- https://www.toyota-png.com/corporate-profile/
- Decision Use
- Dealer source: 15 dealerships, service/parts and long-running technical training; no plug-in sales or service volume.
ela_lae
- Publisher
- The National
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Secondary competitor evidence
- Url
- https://www.thenational.com.pg/new-ela-motors-lae-branch-the-largest-in-png/
- Decision Use
- Secondary evidence of incumbent dealer service and heavy-vehicle capability in Lae.
iso_6469
- Publisher
- ISO
- Publication Date
- 2021-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.iso.org/standard/45477.html
- Decision Use
- International benchmark; PNG adoption and legal effect are not assumed.
iso_17409
- Publisher
- ISO
- Publication Date
- 2020-01-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.iso.org/standard/68474.html
- Decision Use
- International charging-safety benchmark; not local approval.
iec_61851
- Publisher
- IEC
- Publication Date
- 2017-02-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644
- Decision Use
- International EVSE benchmark; local adoption/conformity must be confirmed.
un_r100
- Publisher
- UNECE
- Publication Date
- 2022-03-01
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://unece.org/transport/documents/2022/03/standards/un-regulation-no-100-rev3
- Decision Use
- International electric-powertrain safety benchmark; national applicability not assumed.
un_tests
- Publisher
- UNECE
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/rev8-files
- Decision Use
- International lithium-battery transport test framework; carrier and competent-authority approvals still control.
basel
- Publisher
- Basel Convention Secretariat
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/1275/Default.aspx
- Decision Use
- International hazardous-waste movement framework; PNG competent-authority procedure controls.
waigani
- Publisher
- SPREP
- Publication Date
- —
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.sprep.org/convention-secretariat/waigani-convention
- Decision Use
- Regional hazardous/radioactive-waste control route; applicability and procedure require CEPA confirmation.
ilo_osh
- Publisher
- International Labour Organization
- Publication Date
- 2001-12-06
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.ilo.org/publications/guidelines-occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-ilo-osh-2001
- Decision Use
- International OSH management benchmark; not a substitute for PNG law.
evs_model
- Publisher
- EVS Worldwide
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-11
- Accessed At
- 2026-08-11
- Classification
- Primary / authoritative
- Url
- https://www.evsworldwide.com/
- Decision Use
- All gates, sensitivities and economics are EVS assumptions unless explicitly attributed.
Source register
46 primary and derived sources
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Source register
46 primary and derived sources
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