Market intelligence/Oceania/Report available

Papua New Guinea.

EVS Papua New Guinea EV Service Centre Market Entry

Decision-grade market-entry report for an EVS service-centre model in Papua New Guinea.

Active plug-in stock

—

No audited active passenger/light-commercial plug-in stock.

Public charging points

—

No authoritative operational public charging count.

Gate jobs

113

EVS gate annual jobs; not a market estimate.

Base payback

15.385

Base simple payback on reversible capex.

No-go

01/The verdict in full

Executive summary

Standalone/franchise is no-go. A reversible Port Moresby partner clinic is conditional on hard evidence gates.

Decision dashboard

Unknown registry and charging denominators are displayed as null, never estimated.

Decision dashboard

Metric	Value	Unit	Status	Source
Active passenger/LCV BEV stock	—	vehicles	Not published in an authoritative extract	RTA/MVIL data request [rta_home][mvil_registration].
Active passenger/LCV PHEV stock	—	vehicles	Not published in an authoritative extract	RTA/MVIL data request [rta_home][mvil_registration].
Operational public charging points	—	points/connectors	No national census located	Pilot/dealer announcements are not asset registers [ev_pilot][odesh_open].
Vehicle projection	600,000	all vehicles in 2030	Projection, not current stock	CCDA workshop page [ccda_ev_policy].
Grid connection	20	% of population	Approximate national access	World Bank; not site reliability [worldbank_neat].
Executable SOM	0	jobs/year	Hard control	EVS [evs_model].

Active passenger/LCV BEV stock

Value: —
Unit: vehicles
Status: Not published in an authoritative extract
Source: RTA/MVIL data request [rta_home][mvil_registration].

Active passenger/LCV PHEV stock

Value: —
Unit: vehicles
Status: Not published in an authoritative extract
Source: RTA/MVIL data request [rta_home][mvil_registration].

Operational public charging points

Value: —
Unit: points/connectors
Status: No national census located
Source: Pilot/dealer announcements are not asset registers [ev_pilot][odesh_open].

Vehicle projection

Value: 600,000
Unit: all vehicles in 2030
Status: Projection, not current stock
Source: CCDA workshop page [ccda_ev_policy].

Grid connection

Value: 20
Unit: % of population
Status: Approximate national access
Source: World Bank; not site reliability [worldbank_neat].

Executable SOM

Value: 0
Unit: jobs/year
Status: Hard control
Source: EVS [evs_model].

Market size

Automotive flows and projections do not replace an active plug-in registry extract.

Market size

Measure	Value	Unit	Date	Definition	Decision Use
All-vehicle count	155,000	vehicles	2005	Historical number cited by CCDA.	Context only [ccda_ev_policy].
All-vehicle projection	600,000	vehicles	2030	CCDA-cited projection.	Scenario denominator only; not current active parc [ccda_ev_policy].
Motor-vehicle imports	487,600,000	PGK	2024	Official merchandise-trade value without propulsion split.	Automotive-flow context, not EV TAM [nso_2024_trade].
EV-related imports	27,000,000	USD	2017–2024	ATO trade-classification aggregation.	Direction only; cannot establish vehicles, active stock or passenger mix [ato_profile].
2024 EV-related road-vehicle import share	7	%	2024	ATO trade proxy.	Do not use as registration penetration [ato_profile].

All-vehicle count

Value: 155,000
Unit: vehicles
Date: 2005
Definition: Historical number cited by CCDA.
Decision Use: Context only [ccda_ev_policy].

All-vehicle projection

Value: 600,000
Unit: vehicles
Date: 2030
Definition: CCDA-cited projection.
Decision Use: Scenario denominator only; not current active parc [ccda_ev_policy].

Motor-vehicle imports

Value: 487,600,000
Unit: PGK
Date: 2024
Definition: Official merchandise-trade value without propulsion split.
Decision Use: Automotive-flow context, not EV TAM [nso_2024_trade].

EV-related imports

Value: 27,000,000
Unit: USD
Date: 2017–2024
Definition: ATO trade-classification aggregation.
Decision Use: Direction only; cannot establish vehicles, active stock or passenger mix [ato_profile].

2024 EV-related road-vehicle import share

Value: 7
Unit: %
Date: 2024
Definition: ATO trade proxy.
Decision Use: Do not use as registration penetration [ato_profile].

BEV/PHEV adoption history

The history is policy- and pilot-led; comparable annual sales/stock series is unavailable.

BEV/PHEV adoption history

Period	Event	Quantity	Meaning	Unit
2020	Enhanced NDC supports lower-emission transport and pilots.	—	Policy direction; not registrations [png_ndc].	—
2022 draft policy	15% of new vehicle registrations electric by 2030 reported in profile.	15	Draft target; not enacted or achieved [ato_profile][ccda_ev_policy].	% target
2023	Profile reports a five-electric-bus pilot.	5	Pilot-flow report; active status not verified [ato_profile].	buses
2025	EV framework/investment plan/roadmap and communications action plan under validation.	—	Official/development-partner evidence documents were not final [ccda_ev_policy][gggi_emobility].	—
Dec 2025	Odesh Motors self-reports opening.	—	Commercial presence; sales, charger and after-sales volumes unpublished [odesh_open].	—
Apr–Jun 2026	NCDC e-bus and three-company EV pilots announced/launched.	—	No delivered-fleet or commissioned-charger count [ncdc_bus][ev_pilot].	—

2020

Event: Enhanced NDC supports lower-emission transport and pilots.
Quantity: —
Meaning: Policy direction; not registrations [png_ndc].
Unit: —

2022 draft policy

Event: 15% of new vehicle registrations electric by 2030 reported in profile.
Quantity: 15
Meaning: Draft target; not enacted or achieved [ato_profile][ccda_ev_policy].
Unit: % target

2023

Event: Profile reports a five-electric-bus pilot.
Quantity: 5
Meaning: Pilot-flow report; active status not verified [ato_profile].
Unit: buses

2025

Event: EV framework/investment plan/roadmap and communications action plan under validation.
Quantity: —
Meaning: Official/development-partner evidence documents were not final [ccda_ev_policy][gggi_emobility].
Unit: —

Dec 2025

Event: Odesh Motors self-reports opening.
Quantity: —
Meaning: Commercial presence; sales, charger and after-sales volumes unpublished [odesh_open].
Unit: —

Apr–Jun 2026

Event: NCDC e-bus and three-company EV pilots announced/launched.
Quantity: —
Meaning: No delivered-fleet or commissioned-charger count [ncdc_bus][ev_pilot].
Unit: —

Definition reconciliation

Trade values, targets, vehicles and charging assets remain separate.

Definition reconciliation

Term	Use	Not Equivalent To
EV-related imports	Trade/maturity proxy	Registrations, active vehicles or passenger BEV/PHEV stock [ato_profile].
Goods vehicles/buses share	Composition of ATO trade proxy	Active fleet or serviceable vehicle mix.
All vehicles	Road fleet projection	Passenger/LCV plug-ins [ccda_ev_policy].
Hybrid	Only when source defines it	PHEV or externally chargeable vehicle.
Charging site/point/connector	Separate fields	One another or an operational, public asset.
Announcement/pilot	Market signal	Delivered fleet, registration or charger census [ncdc_bus][ev_pilot].

EV-related imports

Use: Trade/maturity proxy
Not Equivalent To: Registrations, active vehicles or passenger BEV/PHEV stock [ato_profile].

Goods vehicles/buses share

Use: Composition of ATO trade proxy
Not Equivalent To: Active fleet or serviceable vehicle mix.

All vehicles

Use: Road fleet projection
Not Equivalent To: Passenger/LCV plug-ins [ccda_ev_policy].

Hybrid

Use: Only when source defines it
Not Equivalent To: PHEV or externally chargeable vehicle.

Charging site/point/connector

Use: Separate fields
Not Equivalent To: One another or an operational, public asset.

Announcement/pilot

Use: Market signal
Not Equivalent To: Delivered fleet, registration or charger census [ncdc_bus][ev_pilot].

2030 scenarios

EVS sensitivity shares applied to an all-vehicle projection; not official forecasts.

2030 scenarios

Scenario	Plug In Share Pct	Modelled 2030 Active Plug Ins	Basis
Cautious	0.05	300	EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock.
Base	0.15	900	EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock.
High	0.5	3,000	EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock.

Cautious

Plug In Share Pct: 0.05
Modelled 2030 Active Plug Ins: 300
Basis: EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock.

Base

Plug In Share Pct: 0.15
Modelled 2030 Active Plug Ins: 900
Basis: EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock.

High

Plug In Share Pct: 0.5
Modelled 2030 Active Plug Ins: 3,000
Basis: EVS sensitivity: assumed plug-in share × CCDA-cited 600,000 all-vehicle 2030 projection. Neither the shares nor results are official forecasts, and the 600,000 is not current active stock.

Charging infrastructure

No authoritative national operational inventory was located.

Charging infrastructure

Asset	Count	Unit	Status	Decision
Operational public charging network	—	sites/points/connectors	No authoritative national asset register located.	Request site, connector, power, access, tariff and uptime records.
Odesh charging	—	assets	Company self-reports charging at Waigani; no technical or uptime register [odesh_open].	Physical audit and electrical documentation.
Three-company pilot charging	—	assets	Strategic NCD charging announced without count [ev_pilot].	Obtain commissioning certificates and operator agreement.
EV bus charging	—	assets	Fleet expected later in 2026 [ncdc_bus].	Exclude until delivered and commissioned.

Operational public charging network

Count: —
Unit: sites/points/connectors
Status: No authoritative national asset register located.
Decision: Request site, connector, power, access, tariff and uptime records.

Odesh charging

Count: —
Unit: assets
Status: Company self-reports charging at Waigani; no technical or uptime register [odesh_open].
Decision: Physical audit and electrical documentation.

Three-company pilot charging

Count: —
Unit: assets
Status: Strategic NCD charging announced without count [ev_pilot].
Decision: Obtain commissioning certificates and operator agreement.

EV bus charging

Count: —
Unit: assets
Status: Fleet expected later in 2026 [ncdc_bus].
Decision: Exclude until delivered and commissioned.

Electricity and grid

Low national grid access and unknown site quality favor a measured Port Moresby pilot.

Electricity and grid

Measure	Value	Unit	Date	Interpretation
Population connected to grid	20	approx. %	2024	Material access constraint; not NCD site quality [worldbank_neat].

Population connected to grid

Value: 20
Unit: approx. %
Date: 2024
Interpretation: Material access constraint; not NCD site quality [worldbank_neat].

4 more rows in the full report

Parc age and service demand

Age, used-import mix and failure history are open diligence items.

Parc age and service demand

Indicator	Value	Implication
Active plug-in age distribution	—	Cannot quantify out-of-warranty demand; obtain first-registration date/VIN extract.
New versus used plug-in registrations	—	Cannot infer failure profile or tooling mix.
Passenger versus goods/bus plug-in mix	—	Trade proxy suggests commercial bias but cannot establish active mix [ato_profile].
Climate/road duty	—	Heat, humidity, road and payload hypotheses require fleet inspection; no failure rate is asserted.
Battery/12V/thermal failure history	—	Collect symptom, DTC, repair, parts lead time and downtime data during paid inspections.

Active plug-in age distribution

Value: —
Implication: Cannot quantify out-of-warranty demand; obtain first-registration date/VIN extract.

New versus used plug-in registrations

Value: —
Implication: Cannot infer failure profile or tooling mix.

Passenger versus goods/bus plug-in mix

Value: —
Implication: Trade proxy suggests commercial bias but cannot establish active mix [ato_profile].

Climate/road duty

Value: —
Implication: Heat, humidity, road and payload hypotheses require fleet inspection; no failure rate is asserted.

Battery/12V/thermal failure history

Value: —
Implication: Collect symptom, DTC, repair, parts lead time and downtime data during paid inspections.

TAM / SAM / SOM

Current TAM is null and executable SOM is zero; the launch pool is a threshold.

TAM / SAM / SOM

Level	Value	Unit	Type	Formula
Current TAM	—	active passenger/LCV BEV+PHEV	Sourced fact unavailable	Requires active registry extract.
2030 vehicle base	600,000	all vehicles	Sourced projection	CCDA-cited projection; not current stock [ccda_ev_policy].
Launch threshold	300	active NCD passenger/LCV plug-ins	EVS decision gate	Board minimum; not estimate [evs_model].

Current TAM

Value: —
Unit: active passenger/LCV BEV+PHEV
Type: Sourced fact unavailable
Formula: Requires active registry extract.

2030 vehicle base

Value: 600,000
Unit: all vehicles
Type: Sourced projection
Formula: CCDA-cited projection; not current stock [ccda_ev_policy].

Launch threshold

Value: 300
Unit: active NCD passenger/LCV plug-ins
Type: EVS decision gate
Formula: Board minimum; not estimate [evs_model].

5 more rows in the full report

Customer segments

Paid evidence takes precedence over interest.

Customer segments

Priority	Segment	Need	Validation
1	Port Moresby early adopters and parallel imports	Supported diagnostics, 12V, tyres/brakes/suspension, thermal screening and pre-purchase evidence.	Matched VIN roster and paid bookings.
2	Taxi/chauffeur and corporate fleets	Uptime and route-cost evidence.	Odesh and other paid inspection trial; do not infer plug-in fleet [odesh_site].
3	Light-commercial pilot operators	Payload/thermal/charging diagnosis and planned maintenance.	Delivered vehicle list from pilot consortium [ev_pilot].
4	Public e-bus operator	Uptime, depot safety, recovery and parts.	Only after delivered fleet and procurement/service boundaries [ncdc_bus].

Segment: Port Moresby early adopters and parallel imports
Need: Supported diagnostics, 12V, tyres/brakes/suspension, thermal screening and pre-purchase evidence.
Validation: Matched VIN roster and paid bookings.

Segment: Taxi/chauffeur and corporate fleets
Need: Uptime and route-cost evidence.
Validation: Odesh and other paid inspection trial; do not infer plug-in fleet [odesh_site].

Segment: Light-commercial pilot operators
Need: Payload/thermal/charging diagnosis and planned maintenance.
Validation: Delivered vehicle list from pilot consortium [ev_pilot].

Segment: Public e-bus operator
Need: Uptime, depot safety, recovery and parts.
Validation: Only after delivered fleet and procurement/service boundaries [ncdc_bus].

Fleet segments

Pilots, taxis and public buses are validation targets, not assumed demand.

Fleet segments

Segment	Evidence	Route
ODESH taxi/chauffeur platform	More than 100 conventional vehicles self-reported; EV count unknown [odesh_site].	Paid EV roster audit and clinic day.
Turra/Odesh/Sahul pilot	Light vehicles, trucks and buses announced without counts [ev_pilot].	Service/MOU diligence and VIN list.
NCDC buses	First fleet expected later in 2026 [ncdc_bus].	No revenue until delivery, registration and maintenance procurement.
Corporate/mining/project fleets	No verified plug-in count.	20 fleet interviews and one paid inspection trial.

ODESH taxi/chauffeur platform

Evidence: More than 100 conventional vehicles self-reported; EV count unknown [odesh_site].
Route: Paid EV roster audit and clinic day.

Turra/Odesh/Sahul pilot

Evidence: Light vehicles, trucks and buses announced without counts [ev_pilot].
Route: Service/MOU diligence and VIN list.

NCDC buses

Evidence: First fleet expected later in 2026 [ncdc_bus].
Route: No revenue until delivery, registration and maintenance procurement.

Corporate/mining/project fleets

Evidence: No verified plug-in count.
Route: 20 fleet interviews and one paid inspection trial.

Brands and models

No authoritative registered model ranking is available.

Brands and models

Brand	Model	Type	Evidence	Sales Or Stock
BYD / Aion	Unverified distribution intention	Passenger EV	Pre-launch secondary report; no RTA registrations or current model list [odesh_prelaunch].	—
Unspecified Chinese solar EVs	Unpublished	Passenger/light vehicle	Odesh opening self-report [odesh_open].	—
Unspecified pilot makes	Light vehicles, trucks and buses	Multi-class EV	Pilot announcement without OEM/model list [ev_pilot].	—
Unspecified e-bus make	Unpublished	Bus	NCDC announcement without delivery/model count [ncdc_bus].	—

BYD / Aion

Model: Unverified distribution intention
Type: Passenger EV
Evidence: Pre-launch secondary report; no RTA registrations or current model list [odesh_prelaunch].
Sales Or Stock: —

Unspecified Chinese solar EVs

Model: Unpublished
Type: Passenger/light vehicle
Evidence: Odesh opening self-report [odesh_open].
Sales Or Stock: —

Unspecified pilot makes

Model: Light vehicles, trucks and buses
Type: Multi-class EV
Evidence: Pilot announcement without OEM/model list [ev_pilot].
Sales Or Stock: —

Unspecified e-bus make

Model: Unpublished
Type: Bus
Evidence: NCDC announcement without delivery/model count [ncdc_bus].
Sales Or Stock: —

14In the full report

OEM and dealer competitors

Partner/referral diligence precedes competition claims.

This section is in the full report.

15In the full report

Independent competitors

Workshop EV/HV capability requires field audit.

This section is in the full report.

16In the full report

Priority cities and regions

Port Moresby is the only fixed-pilot candidate; Lae is second-stage mobile.

This section is in the full report.

17In the full report

Consumer incentives

All identified EV incentives are draft-policy measures.

This section is in the full report.

18In the full report

Business and investment incentives

No unawarded or unenacted benefit enters economics.

This section is in the full report.

19In the full report

Tax and payroll snapshot

Current professional/official summaries are planning inputs, not opinions.

This section is in the full report.

20In the full report

Entity, licensing and premises

Written approvals are pre-lease gates.

This section is in the full report.

21In the full report

Labour and competence

Electrical licences and traction-HV competence are distinct.

This section is in the full report.

22In the full report

High-voltage safety

Manufacturer procedures, local law and insurer controls apply.

This section is in the full report.

23In the full report

Battery, waste and transport

Traction-pack work is held.

This section is in the full report.

Data, consumer and warranty

Independent status, scope and custody controls must be explicit.

Data, consumer and warranty

Area	Control	Gate
Customer/VIN/telemetry data	Purpose, consent, minimization, access, retention, security and processor mapping.	PNG counsel opinion; no comprehensive general data-protection regime is assumed.
Cloud diagnostics	Map recipients/countries; supported subscriptions; no security bypass.	Contract and legal review before upload.
Consumer terms	Written quote, scope, parts provenance, warranty, rework, custody and complaints.	ICCC-aligned English/Tok Pisin documentation [iccc].
OEM status	Do not imply BYD, Aion or other OEM authorization without contract.	Written authorization and supported VIN/task matrix [odesh_prelaunch].

Customer/VIN/telemetry data

Control: Purpose, consent, minimization, access, retention, security and processor mapping.
Gate: PNG counsel opinion; no comprehensive general data-protection regime is assumed.

Cloud diagnostics

Control: Map recipients/countries; supported subscriptions; no security bypass.
Gate: Contract and legal review before upload.

Consumer terms

Control: Written quote, scope, parts provenance, warranty, rework, custody and complaints.
Gate: ICCC-aligned English/Tok Pisin documentation [iccc].

OEM status

Control: Do not imply BYD, Aion or other OEM authorization without contract.
Gate: Written authorization and supported VIN/task matrix [odesh_prelaunch].

25In the full report

Recommended service portfolio

Launch with low-complexity, evidence-rich tasks.

This section is in the full report.

26In the full report

Operating model

A managed partner bay preserves reversibility.

This section is in the full report.

27In the full report

Franchise model

Standalone rollout is deferred.

This section is in the full report.

28In the full report

Annual pilot economics

All values are EVS assumptions in nominal PGK.

This section is in the full report.

29In the full report

90-day pilot economics

Continuation requires the base gate.

This section is in the full report.

30In the full report

Risks

Data absence, draft policy, grid, safety and logistics drive the decision.

This section is in the full report.

Mitigations

Controls are documentary and auditable.

Mitigations

Control	Action	Owner	Evidence
Denominator	Match active registration, VIN, class, propulsion, location, first-registration date and owner type; de-duplicate.	Country lead	Signed data memo.
Paid demand	20 paid/refundable bookings plus one paid trial or binding LOI covering ≥10 plug-ins.	Commercial lead	Receipts/contracts.
Capability	Two assessed technicians, supported-tool proof and rescue drill.	Technical lead	Assessment/drill records.
Compliance	Entity, tax, labour, site, RTA, electrical, fire, environment/waste, consumer/data and insurer pack.	Legal/operations	Written approvals.
Capital	Cap irreversible spend at PGK200,000 and hold pack inventory.	Board	Approved purchase ledger.

Denominator

Action: Match active registration, VIN, class, propulsion, location, first-registration date and owner type; de-duplicate.
Owner: Country lead
Evidence: Signed data memo.

Paid demand

Action: 20 paid/refundable bookings plus one paid trial or binding LOI covering ≥10 plug-ins.
Owner: Commercial lead
Evidence: Receipts/contracts.

Capability

Action: Two assessed technicians, supported-tool proof and rescue drill.
Owner: Technical lead
Evidence: Assessment/drill records.

Compliance

Action: Entity, tax, labour, site, RTA, electrical, fire, environment/waste, consumer/data and insurer pack.
Owner: Legal/operations
Evidence: Written approvals.

Capital

Action: Cap irreversible spend at PGK200,000 and hold pack inventory.
Owner: Board
Evidence: Approved purchase ledger.

32In the full report

90-day entry plan

No irreversible commitment before gate review.

This section is in the full report.

33In the full report

Go / no-go gates

All launch gates are open; standalone is no-go.

This section is in the full report.

Methodology

Source facts and EVS assumptions remain distinct.

Methodology

Step	Method	Detail
1	Freeze definitions	Active registered passenger/LCV BEV/PHEV; do not mix HEVs, motorcycles, buses, trade values, targets, sites, points or connectors.
2	Prioritize primary sources	CCDA, RTA, MVIL, NSO, NCDC, utility, regulators and official legal routes.
3	Label secondary/commercial evidence	ATO trade/readiness proxy, media pilot reports and company claims are not registry facts.
4	Size only supported quantities	Current TAM null; launch threshold is a gate; executable SOM zero.
5	Model transparent sensitivities	2030 shares and all economics are EVS assumptions; nominal PGK, GST-exclusive, pre-tax.
6	Convert uncertainty to gates	Data, paid demand, capability, compliance, site and continuation evidence.

Method: Freeze definitions
Detail: Active registered passenger/LCV BEV/PHEV; do not mix HEVs, motorcycles, buses, trade values, targets, sites, points or connectors.

Method: Prioritize primary sources
Detail: CCDA, RTA, MVIL, NSO, NCDC, utility, regulators and official legal routes.

Method: Label secondary/commercial evidence
Detail: ATO trade/readiness proxy, media pilot reports and company claims are not registry facts.

Method: Size only supported quantities
Detail: Current TAM null; launch threshold is a gate; executable SOM zero.

Method: Model transparent sensitivities
Detail: 2030 shares and all economics are EVS assumptions; nominal PGK, GST-exclusive, pre-tax.

Method: Convert uncertainty to gates
Detail: Data, paid demand, capability, compliance, site and continuation evidence.

Priority data requests

The first 30 days are denominator-led.

Priority data requests

Priority	Gap	Owner	Decision Effect
1	Active BEV/PHEV passenger/LCV stock by province, class, age and owner type	RTA/MVIL	TAM, location and service demand.
2	Annual BEV/PHEV registrations by new/used and denominator	RTA/MVIL/NSO	Adoption history and forecast.
3	Operational charger site/connector/power/access/tariff/uptime register	NEA/PNG Power/operators	Charging and service scope.
4	Delivered pilot vehicles, OEM/model/VIN/warranty/service and parts data	Odesh/Turra/Sahul/NCDC/dealers	Supported scope and competition.
5	Lawful damaged-battery carrier, storage and final recipient	CEPA/fire/ports/carriers/insurer	Pack-work boundary.
6	Candidate site capacity, phase, earthing, protection, outage and backup data	Licensed engineer/PNG Power	Safety and cost.
7	Paid repair need, ARO, parts lead time and willingness to pay	EVS field team	Commercial continuation.

Gap: Active BEV/PHEV passenger/LCV stock by province, class, age and owner type
Owner: RTA/MVIL
Decision Effect: TAM, location and service demand.

Gap: Annual BEV/PHEV registrations by new/used and denominator
Owner: RTA/MVIL/NSO
Decision Effect: Adoption history and forecast.

Gap: Operational charger site/connector/power/access/tariff/uptime register
Owner: NEA/PNG Power/operators
Decision Effect: Charging and service scope.

Gap: Delivered pilot vehicles, OEM/model/VIN/warranty/service and parts data
Owner: Odesh/Turra/Sahul/NCDC/dealers
Decision Effect: Supported scope and competition.

Gap: Lawful damaged-battery carrier, storage and final recipient
Owner: CEPA/fire/ports/carriers/insurer
Decision Effect: Pack-work boundary.

Gap: Candidate site capacity, phase, earthing, protection, outage and backup data
Owner: Licensed engineer/PNG Power
Decision Effect: Safety and cost.

Gap: Paid repair need, ARO, parts lead time and willingness to pay
Owner: EVS field team
Decision Effect: Commercial continuation.

Complete linked source register

Every source records publication/access information, classification, link and decision use.

Complete linked source register

Source Id	Publisher	Publication Date	Accessed At	Classification	Url	Decision Use
ccda_ev_policy	Climate Change and Development Authority	2025-06-29	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://ccda.gov.pg/electric-vehicle-policy-framework-investment-plan-and-implementation-roadmap-validation-workshop/	Official evidence that the EV policy framework, investment plan and roadmap were still being validated; reports transport share of energy emissions and a vehicle-count projection from 155,000 in 2005 to 600,000 in 2030.
gggi_emobility	Global Green Growth Institute	2025-07-23	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://gggi.org/papua-new-guinea-powers-ahead-on-e-mobility/	Development-partner evidence of a draft communications strategy and action plan under the Department of Transport/CCDA/GGGI programme.
ato_profile	Asian Transport Observatory	2026-01-01	2026-08-11	Authoritative secondary synthesis	https://asiantransportobservatory.org/analytical-outputs/transportclimateprofiles/papua-new-guinea-transport-and-climate-profile-2026/	Authoritative synthesis used only with labels: reports draft-policy targets, trade-classification proxies and readiness score; not a registry or enacted policy.
png_ndc	UNFCCC / Government of Papua New Guinea	2020-12-16	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf	Official climate commitment route supporting low-emission transport and pilot context; not an EV sales or stock source.
ccda_btr	Climate Change and Development Authority	2026-01-21	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://ccda.gov.pg/eywa-resources/3326/	Official current climate-reporting publication route; no vehicle-level EV registry table was extracted.
ev_pilot	The National	2026-06-19	2026-08-11	Secondary media reporting named market participants	https://www.thenational.com.pg/electric-vehicle-pilot-programme-launched/	Reports Turra Holdings, Odesh Motors and Sahul Energy launching a first pilot to bring light vehicles, trucks and buses and develop NCD charging; no delivered vehicle or charger count stated.
ncdc_bus	National Capital District Commission	2026-04-12	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.ncdc.gov.pg/media/city_sivarai/parkop-secures-electric-buses-and-waste-to-energy-solution-for-port-moresby.html	Official announcement that a first fleet was expected later in 2026; no delivered count or operational evidence.
odesh_open	Odesh Motors founder / LinkedIn	2025-12-01	2026-08-11	Commercial self-report	https://www.linkedin.com/posts/isaac-jipsy-mba-8257942a_odesh-motors-now-officially-open-activity-7400771150928330752-w4ry	Self-reported dealership, charging, taxi fleet and after-sales opening in Waigani; no audited unit, charger or service volumes.
odesh_site	ODESH	—	2026-08-11	Commercial self-report	https://www.odesh.net/	Company site reports more than 100 registered conventional taxis/chauffeurs and a Port Moresby platform; this is a fleet-partnership route, not plug-in stock.
odesh_prelaunch	The PNG Bulletin	2024-12-01	2026-08-11	Secondary commercial reporting	https://thepngbulletin.com/news/business/odesh-set-to-lead-pngs-electric-vehicle-revolution/	Secondary pre-launch report of intended BYD/Aion distribution and EV service/charging; intentions are not registrations or OEM authorization evidence.
rta_home	Road Traffic Authority	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.rta.gov.pg/	Official regulator remit for land transport, vehicle inspection, registration, public vehicles and driver licensing.
rta_registration	Road Traffic Authority	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.rta.gov.pg/licences-approvals/vehicle-registration/	Official registration route: first registration requires roadworthiness certification, current compulsory third-party insurance and fees.
mvil_registration	Motor Vehicle Insurance Limited	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://mvil.com.pg/services/vehicle-registration	Official delegated service route for registration and compulsory third-party insurance.
pmnec_mvil_rta	Department of Prime Minister and National Executive Council	2025-08-11	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.pmnec.gov.pg/acting-chief-secretary-to-government-mr-ivan-pomaleu-obe-clarifies-motor-vehicle-insurance-limited-mvil-and-the-road-transport-authority-rta/	Official clarification of RTA as regulator and interim MVIL delivery arrangements.
nso_2024_trade	National Statistical Office	2025-01-01	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/economy/international-merchandise-trade/2024-release/	Official trade release reports K487.6m of motor-vehicle imports in 2024 but has no propulsion split; inconsistent subcomponents are excluded from market sizing.
nso_2025q1	National Statistical Office	2025-07-01	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/economy/international-merchandise-trade/2025-q1-release/	Official flow context for goods/public-transport vehicles and parts; no BEV/PHEV split.
worldbank_neat	World Bank	2024-11-29	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/11/29/world-bank-announces-transformative-energy-access-project-to-benefit-400-000-papua-new-guineans	Reports approximately 20% grid connection, below 15% rural connection, a 70% 2030 goal and a US$204m access project; national access is not site power quality.
png_power	PNG Power Limited	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://pngpower.com.pg/	Official utility site reports approximately 580 MW installed capacity and 4,100 km of network lines; site supply and outages require measurement.
png_power_outages	PNG Power Limited	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://pngpower.com.pg/outage-and-maintenance/	Official current outage route; dynamic notices are not a historical reliability series.
gggi_power	Global Green Growth Institute	2025-12-02	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://gggi.org/mou-signed-to-boost-green-energy-transformation-in-png/	Evidence of PNG Power/GGGI cooperation; not workshop power-quality evidence.
adb_energy	Asian Development Bank	2025-12-16	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.adb.org/news/adb-approves-275-million-financing-expand-access-finance-clean-energy-and-transport-png	Development-finance context; no EVS grant or service-centre benefit is assumed.
ipa_registry	Investment Promotion Authority	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.ipa.gov.pg/corp/index.aspx	Official online company and foreign-enterprise registry route.
ipa_foreign	Investment Promotion Authority	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.ipa.gov.pg/public/help.aspx?cn=BusinessRegulations	Official guidance: foreign enterprises register under the Companies Act and apply for certification under the Investment Promotion Act.
ipa_acts	Investment Promotion Authority	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.ipa.gov.pg/public/help.aspx?cn=ActsAndRegulations	Official legal route for Companies Act 1997/2014 amendments and Investment Promotion Act 1992/2023 amendment.
pwc_cit	PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries	2026-03-27	2026-08-11	Current professional tax summary	https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/papua-new-guinea/corporate/taxes-on-corporate-income	Current professional summary: 30% general corporate income-tax rate for resident companies and non-resident permanent establishments; advice controls.
pwc_other	PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries	2026-03-27	2026-08-11	Current professional tax summary	https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/papua-new-guinea/corporate/other-taxes	Current professional summary: 10% GST on most supplies and import-GST deferral subject to approval/compliance; no EV-specific exemption inferred.
bpng_super	Bank of Papua New Guinea	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.bankpng.gov.pg/publications/public-notices/employer-and-employee-superannuation-contributions	Official guidance: employers with 15+ employees remit 8.4% employer and 6% employee contributions after qualifying employment.
minimum_wage	The National	2025-09-23	2026-08-11	Secondary report of gazetted determination	https://www.thenational.com.pg/new-minimum-wage-gazetted-to-take-effect-in-january/	Reports gazetted K5/hour from 1 January 2026 and staged increases; verify the gazette and any activity-specific conditions.
nea_act	Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program	2021-04-21	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://lpr.adb.org/resource/national-energy-authority-act-2021-papua-new-guinea	Authoritative legal summary: electricity supply is regulated and undertakers/contractors require licensing.
nea_policies	National Energy Authority	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://nea-live.eywaapps.net/policies	Official route for 2025 regulations, PV/BESS framework and electrician/electrical-contractor licensing guidance.
electricity_act	UN ESCAP Asia Pacific Energy Portal	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/2864	Authoritative legal text route: electrical wiring work must be performed by licensed persons or under licensed supervision.
electricity_reg	UN ESCAP Asia Pacific Energy Portal	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://policy.thinkbluedata.com/node/1211	Authoritative legal route for completion/test certificates and safe electrical apparatus/installation.
environment_act	Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program	2001-04-19	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://lpr.adb.org/resource/environment-act-2000-papua-new-guinea	Authoritative legal summary covering environmental harm, precaution and permits for Level 2/3 activities.
prescribed_reg	Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program	2006-11-25	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://lpr.adb.org/resource/environment-prescribed-activities-regulation-2002-papua-new-guinea	Authoritative legal summary classifying Level 1/2/3 activities including waste disposal and discharges.
iccc	ICCC	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://iccc.gov.pg/	Official consumer watchdog route for misleading/deceptive conduct, unsafe goods, fair trading and complaints.
ela_profile	Ela Motors PNG	—	2026-08-11	Commercial primary source	https://www.toyota-png.com/corporate-profile/	Dealer source: 15 dealerships, service/parts and long-running technical training; no plug-in sales or service volume.
ela_lae	The National	2026-07-09	2026-08-11	Secondary competitor evidence	https://www.thenational.com.pg/new-ela-motors-lae-branch-the-largest-in-png/	Secondary evidence of incumbent dealer service and heavy-vehicle capability in Lae.
iso_6469	ISO	2021-01-01	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.iso.org/standard/45477.html	International benchmark; PNG adoption and legal effect are not assumed.
iso_17409	ISO	2020-01-01	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.iso.org/standard/68474.html	International charging-safety benchmark; not local approval.
iec_61851	IEC	2017-02-01	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644	International EVSE benchmark; local adoption/conformity must be confirmed.
un_r100	UNECE	2022-03-01	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://unece.org/transport/documents/2022/03/standards/un-regulation-no-100-rev3	International electric-powertrain safety benchmark; national applicability not assumed.
un_tests	UNECE	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/rev8-files	International lithium-battery transport test framework; carrier and competent-authority approvals still control.
basel	Basel Convention Secretariat	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/1275/Default.aspx	International hazardous-waste movement framework; PNG competent-authority procedure controls.
waigani	SPREP	—	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.sprep.org/convention-secretariat/waigani-convention	Regional hazardous/radioactive-waste control route; applicability and procedure require CEPA confirmation.
ilo_osh	International Labour Organization	2001-12-06	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.ilo.org/publications/guidelines-occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-ilo-osh-2001	International OSH management benchmark; not a substitute for PNG law.
evs_model	EVS Worldwide	2026-08-11	2026-08-11	Primary / authoritative	https://www.evsworldwide.com/	All gates, sensitivities and economics are EVS assumptions unless explicitly attributed.

ccda_ev_policy

Publisher: Climate Change and Development Authority
Publication Date: 2025-06-29
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://ccda.gov.pg/electric-vehicle-policy-framework-investment-plan-and-implementation-roadmap-validation-workshop/
Decision Use: Official evidence that the EV policy framework, investment plan and roadmap were still being validated; reports transport share of energy emissions and a vehicle-count projection from 155,000 in 2005 to 600,000 in 2030.

gggi_emobility

Publisher: Global Green Growth Institute
Publication Date: 2025-07-23
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://gggi.org/papua-new-guinea-powers-ahead-on-e-mobility/
Decision Use: Development-partner evidence of a draft communications strategy and action plan under the Department of Transport/CCDA/GGGI programme.

ato_profile

Publisher: Asian Transport Observatory
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Authoritative secondary synthesis
Url: https://asiantransportobservatory.org/analytical-outputs/transportclimateprofiles/papua-new-guinea-transport-and-climate-profile-2026/
Decision Use: Authoritative synthesis used only with labels: reports draft-policy targets, trade-classification proxies and readiness score; not a registry or enacted policy.

png_ndc

Publisher: UNFCCC / Government of Papua New Guinea
Publication Date: 2020-12-16
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/PNG%20Second%20NDC.pdf
Decision Use: Official climate commitment route supporting low-emission transport and pilot context; not an EV sales or stock source.

ccda_btr

Publisher: Climate Change and Development Authority
Publication Date: 2026-01-21
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://ccda.gov.pg/eywa-resources/3326/
Decision Use: Official current climate-reporting publication route; no vehicle-level EV registry table was extracted.

ev_pilot

Publisher: The National
Publication Date: 2026-06-19
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Secondary media reporting named market participants
Url: https://www.thenational.com.pg/electric-vehicle-pilot-programme-launched/
Decision Use: Reports Turra Holdings, Odesh Motors and Sahul Energy launching a first pilot to bring light vehicles, trucks and buses and develop NCD charging; no delivered vehicle or charger count stated.

ncdc_bus

Publisher: National Capital District Commission
Publication Date: 2026-04-12
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.ncdc.gov.pg/media/city_sivarai/parkop-secures-electric-buses-and-waste-to-energy-solution-for-port-moresby.html
Decision Use: Official announcement that a first fleet was expected later in 2026; no delivered count or operational evidence.

odesh_open

Publisher: Odesh Motors founder / LinkedIn
Publication Date: 2025-12-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Commercial self-report
Url: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/isaac-jipsy-mba-8257942a_odesh-motors-now-officially-open-activity-7400771150928330752-w4ry
Decision Use: Self-reported dealership, charging, taxi fleet and after-sales opening in Waigani; no audited unit, charger or service volumes.

odesh_site

Publisher: ODESH
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Commercial self-report
Url: https://www.odesh.net/
Decision Use: Company site reports more than 100 registered conventional taxis/chauffeurs and a Port Moresby platform; this is a fleet-partnership route, not plug-in stock.

odesh_prelaunch

Publisher: The PNG Bulletin
Publication Date: 2024-12-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Secondary commercial reporting
Url: https://thepngbulletin.com/news/business/odesh-set-to-lead-pngs-electric-vehicle-revolution/
Decision Use: Secondary pre-launch report of intended BYD/Aion distribution and EV service/charging; intentions are not registrations or OEM authorization evidence.

rta_home

Publisher: Road Traffic Authority
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.rta.gov.pg/
Decision Use: Official regulator remit for land transport, vehicle inspection, registration, public vehicles and driver licensing.

rta_registration

Publisher: Road Traffic Authority
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.rta.gov.pg/licences-approvals/vehicle-registration/
Decision Use: Official registration route: first registration requires roadworthiness certification, current compulsory third-party insurance and fees.

mvil_registration

Publisher: Motor Vehicle Insurance Limited
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://mvil.com.pg/services/vehicle-registration
Decision Use: Official delegated service route for registration and compulsory third-party insurance.

pmnec_mvil_rta

Publisher: Department of Prime Minister and National Executive Council
Publication Date: 2025-08-11
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.pmnec.gov.pg/acting-chief-secretary-to-government-mr-ivan-pomaleu-obe-clarifies-motor-vehicle-insurance-limited-mvil-and-the-road-transport-authority-rta/
Decision Use: Official clarification of RTA as regulator and interim MVIL delivery arrangements.

nso_2024_trade

Publisher: National Statistical Office
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/economy/international-merchandise-trade/2024-release/
Decision Use: Official trade release reports K487.6m of motor-vehicle imports in 2024 but has no propulsion split; inconsistent subcomponents are excluded from market sizing.

nso_2025q1

Publisher: National Statistical Office
Publication Date: 2025-07-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/economy/international-merchandise-trade/2025-q1-release/
Decision Use: Official flow context for goods/public-transport vehicles and parts; no BEV/PHEV split.

worldbank_neat

Publisher: World Bank
Publication Date: 2024-11-29
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/11/29/world-bank-announces-transformative-energy-access-project-to-benefit-400-000-papua-new-guineans
Decision Use: Reports approximately 20% grid connection, below 15% rural connection, a 70% 2030 goal and a US$204m access project; national access is not site power quality.

png_power

Publisher: PNG Power Limited
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://pngpower.com.pg/
Decision Use: Official utility site reports approximately 580 MW installed capacity and 4,100 km of network lines; site supply and outages require measurement.

png_power_outages

Publisher: PNG Power Limited
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://pngpower.com.pg/outage-and-maintenance/
Decision Use: Official current outage route; dynamic notices are not a historical reliability series.

gggi_power

Publisher: Global Green Growth Institute
Publication Date: 2025-12-02
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://gggi.org/mou-signed-to-boost-green-energy-transformation-in-png/
Decision Use: Evidence of PNG Power/GGGI cooperation; not workshop power-quality evidence.

adb_energy

Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Publication Date: 2025-12-16
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.adb.org/news/adb-approves-275-million-financing-expand-access-finance-clean-energy-and-transport-png
Decision Use: Development-finance context; no EVS grant or service-centre benefit is assumed.

ipa_registry

Publisher: Investment Promotion Authority
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.ipa.gov.pg/corp/index.aspx
Decision Use: Official online company and foreign-enterprise registry route.

ipa_foreign

Publisher: Investment Promotion Authority
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.ipa.gov.pg/public/help.aspx?cn=BusinessRegulations
Decision Use: Official guidance: foreign enterprises register under the Companies Act and apply for certification under the Investment Promotion Act.

ipa_acts

Publisher: Investment Promotion Authority
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.ipa.gov.pg/public/help.aspx?cn=ActsAndRegulations
Decision Use: Official legal route for Companies Act 1997/2014 amendments and Investment Promotion Act 1992/2023 amendment.

pwc_cit

Publisher: PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries
Publication Date: 2026-03-27
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Current professional tax summary
Url: https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/papua-new-guinea/corporate/taxes-on-corporate-income
Decision Use: Current professional summary: 30% general corporate income-tax rate for resident companies and non-resident permanent establishments; advice controls.

pwc_other

Publisher: PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries
Publication Date: 2026-03-27
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Current professional tax summary
Url: https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/papua-new-guinea/corporate/other-taxes
Decision Use: Current professional summary: 10% GST on most supplies and import-GST deferral subject to approval/compliance; no EV-specific exemption inferred.

bpng_super

Publisher: Bank of Papua New Guinea
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.bankpng.gov.pg/publications/public-notices/employer-and-employee-superannuation-contributions
Decision Use: Official guidance: employers with 15+ employees remit 8.4% employer and 6% employee contributions after qualifying employment.

minimum_wage

Publisher: The National
Publication Date: 2025-09-23
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Secondary report of gazetted determination
Url: https://www.thenational.com.pg/new-minimum-wage-gazetted-to-take-effect-in-january/
Decision Use: Reports gazetted K5/hour from 1 January 2026 and staged increases; verify the gazette and any activity-specific conditions.

nea_act

Publisher: Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program
Publication Date: 2021-04-21
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://lpr.adb.org/resource/national-energy-authority-act-2021-papua-new-guinea
Decision Use: Authoritative legal summary: electricity supply is regulated and undertakers/contractors require licensing.

nea_policies

Publisher: National Energy Authority
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://nea-live.eywaapps.net/policies
Decision Use: Official route for 2025 regulations, PV/BESS framework and electrician/electrical-contractor licensing guidance.

electricity_act

Publisher: UN ESCAP Asia Pacific Energy Portal
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/2864
Decision Use: Authoritative legal text route: electrical wiring work must be performed by licensed persons or under licensed supervision.

electricity_reg

Publisher: UN ESCAP Asia Pacific Energy Portal
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://policy.thinkbluedata.com/node/1211
Decision Use: Authoritative legal route for completion/test certificates and safe electrical apparatus/installation.

environment_act

Publisher: Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program
Publication Date: 2001-04-19
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://lpr.adb.org/resource/environment-act-2000-papua-new-guinea
Decision Use: Authoritative legal summary covering environmental harm, precaution and permits for Level 2/3 activities.

prescribed_reg

Publisher: Asian Development Bank Law and Policy Reform Program
Publication Date: 2006-11-25
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://lpr.adb.org/resource/environment-prescribed-activities-regulation-2002-papua-new-guinea
Decision Use: Authoritative legal summary classifying Level 1/2/3 activities including waste disposal and discharges.

iccc

Publisher: ICCC
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://iccc.gov.pg/
Decision Use: Official consumer watchdog route for misleading/deceptive conduct, unsafe goods, fair trading and complaints.

ela_profile

Publisher: Ela Motors PNG
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Commercial primary source
Url: https://www.toyota-png.com/corporate-profile/
Decision Use: Dealer source: 15 dealerships, service/parts and long-running technical training; no plug-in sales or service volume.

ela_lae

Publisher: The National
Publication Date: 2026-07-09
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Secondary competitor evidence
Url: https://www.thenational.com.pg/new-ela-motors-lae-branch-the-largest-in-png/
Decision Use: Secondary evidence of incumbent dealer service and heavy-vehicle capability in Lae.

iso_6469

Publisher: ISO
Publication Date: 2021-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.iso.org/standard/45477.html
Decision Use: International benchmark; PNG adoption and legal effect are not assumed.

iso_17409

Publisher: ISO
Publication Date: 2020-01-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.iso.org/standard/68474.html
Decision Use: International charging-safety benchmark; not local approval.

iec_61851

Publisher: IEC
Publication Date: 2017-02-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644
Decision Use: International EVSE benchmark; local adoption/conformity must be confirmed.

un_r100

Publisher: UNECE
Publication Date: 2022-03-01
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://unece.org/transport/documents/2022/03/standards/un-regulation-no-100-rev3
Decision Use: International electric-powertrain safety benchmark; national applicability not assumed.

un_tests

Publisher: UNECE
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/rev8-files
Decision Use: International lithium-battery transport test framework; carrier and competent-authority approvals still control.

basel

Publisher: Basel Convention Secretariat
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/1275/Default.aspx
Decision Use: International hazardous-waste movement framework; PNG competent-authority procedure controls.

waigani

Publisher: SPREP
Publication Date: —
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.sprep.org/convention-secretariat/waigani-convention
Decision Use: Regional hazardous/radioactive-waste control route; applicability and procedure require CEPA confirmation.

ilo_osh

Publisher: International Labour Organization
Publication Date: 2001-12-06
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.ilo.org/publications/guidelines-occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-ilo-osh-2001
Decision Use: International OSH management benchmark; not a substitute for PNG law.

evs_model

Publisher: EVS Worldwide
Publication Date: 2026-08-11
Accessed At: 2026-08-11
Classification: Primary / authoritative
Url: https://www.evsworldwide.com/
Decision Use: All gates, sensitivities and economics are EVS assumptions unless explicitly attributed.

Method / Sources and confidence

Where every figure
comes from.

Registrations, charging and legal requirements are read from primary sources. Where no official dataset exists, the model and its assumptions are published instead of a single unexplained number. This report is a dated snapshot: August 2026.

Reports are commercial research, not legal, tax or investment advice.

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